Acute toxicity tests on Japanese amphibian larvae using thiobencarb, a component of rice paddy herbicides

Herpetological Journal

Volumn 9, Issue 2, 1999, Pages 73-81

  Saka, Masahiro ^a  

^a Kyoto Pref Inst Hygienic E   (Japan)

Author keywords

Acute toxicity; Herbicide; Japanese amphibians; Risk assessment; Thiobencarb

Indexed keywords

EID: 0032773787     PISSN: 02680130     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (37)

1. American Public Health Association (APHA), American Water Works Association (AWWA) & Water Pollution Control Federation (WPCF) (1975). Chloroform extraction method. In Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 14th Edition, 557-580. Rand, M. C., Greenberg, A. E. &Taras, M. J. (Eds). Washington: APHA.
2. Barinaga, M. (1990). Where have all the froggies gone ? Science 247, 1033-1034.
3. Blaustein, A. R. & Wake, D. B. (1990). Declining amphibian populations: A global phenomenon ? Trends Ecol. Evol. 5, 203-204.
4. Blaustein, A. R. & Wake, D. B. (1995). The puzzle of declining amphibian populations. Sci. Am. 272, 52-63.
5. Blaustein, A. R., Wake, D. B. & Sousa, W. P. (1994). Amphibian declines: Judging stability, persistence and susceptibility of populations to local and global extinctions. Conserv. Biol. 8, 60-71.
6. Corn, P. S., Stolzenburg, W. & Bury, R. B. (1989). Acid precipitation studies in Colorado and Wyoming: Interim report of surveys of montane amphibians and water chemistry. U. S. Fish Wildl. Serv. Biol. Rep. 80 (40, 26).
7. Dunson, W. A., Wyman, R. L. & Corbett, E. S. (1992). A symposium on amphibian declines and habitat acidification. J. Herpetol. 26, 349-352.
8. Finney, D. J. (1952). Probit Analysis. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
9. Hall, R. J. & Swineford, D. (1980). Toxic effects of endrin and toxaphene on the southern leopard frog Rana sphenocephala. Environ. Pollut. Ser. A 23, 53-65.
10. Hall, R. J. & Swineford, D. M. (1981). Acute toxicities of toxaphene and endrin to larvae of seven species of amphibians. Toxicol. Lett. 8, 331-336.
11. Ichikawa, M. & Tahara, Y. (1989). Normal stages of development of Bufo japonicus. In Development of Vertebrates Vol. 1, 357-373. Okada, T. (Eds). Tokyo: Baifukan Co., LTD.
12. Iwasawa, H. & Futagami, J. (1992). Normal stages of development of a tree frog, Hyla japonica (Günther). Jpn. J. Herpetol. 14, 129-142.
13. Iwasawa, H. & Kawasaki, N. (1979). Normal stages of development of the Japanese green frog Rhacophorus arboreus (Okada et Kawano). Jpn. J. Herpetol. 8, 22-35.
14. Iwasawa, H. & Morita, Y. (1980). Normal stages of development in the frog, Rana porosa porosa (Cope). Zoological Magazine 89, 65-75.
15. Japan Environment Agency (1990). Guidelines for ecotoxicological tests. In Chemicals in the Environment 1990, 252-261. Tokyo: The Japan Environment Agency.
16. Japan Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (1994). Annual White Book on Agricultural Chemicals. Tokyo: Japan Plant Protection Association.
17. Japan Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (1995). Annual White Book on Agricultural Chemicals. Tokyo: Japan Plant Protection Association.
18. Japan Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (1996). Annual White Book on Agricultural Chemicals. Tokyo: Japan Plant Protection Association.
19. Japan Plant Protection Association (1994). Handbook on Agricultural Chemicals. Tokyo: Japan Plant Protection Association.
20. Kajishima, T. & Eguchi, Y. (1989). Normal stages of development of Cynops pyrrhogaster. In Development of Vertebrates Vol. 1, 333-355. Okada, T. (Eds). Tokyo: Baifukan Co., LTD.
21. Kanazawa, J. (1979). Damage done to fisheries by agricultural chemicals. In Aquatic Organisms and Agricultural Chemicals-Theories and Applications, 61-63. Kanazawa, J. & Tanaka, J. (Eds). Tokyo: Scientist-sha Co., LTD.
22. Kanazawa, J. (1992). Environmental Science on Agricultural Chemicals,. Tokyo: Godo Shuppan Co., LTD.
23. Kobayashi, K. (1979). Absorption and excretion of agricultural chemicals in fish and shellfish. In Aquatic Organisms and Agricultural Chemicals-Theories and Applications, 20-37. Kanazawa, J. & Tanaka, J. (Eds). Tokyo: Scientist-sha Co., LTD.
24. 14C DDT by wood frog embryos after short term exposure. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. C. 81, 117-119.
25. Licht, L. E. & Grant, K. P. (1997). The effects of ultraviolet radiation on the biology of amphibians. Amer. Zool. 31, 137-145.
26. Maeda, N. & Matsui, M. (1989). Frogs and Toads of Japan. Tokyo: Bun-ichi Sogo Shuppan Co., Ltd.
27. Matsui, M. (1996). Natural History of the Amphibia. Tokyo: University of Tokyo Press.
28. Nakamura, K. & Ueno, S. (1963). Japanese Reptiles and Amphibians in Colour. Osaka: Hoikusha Publishing Co., Ltd.
29. Nieuwkoop, P. D. & Faber, J. (1975). Normal Table of Xenopus laevis (Daudin), 2nd Edition. Amsterdam: North-Holland Publishing Co.
30. Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) (1991). OECD The State of the Environment 1991. Paris: OECD Publications Service.
31. OECD (1993). Fish, acute toxicity test. In OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, No. 203. Paris: OECD Publications Service.
32. Power, T., Clark, K. L., Harfenist, A. & Peakall, D. B. (1989). A review and evaluation of the amphibian toxicological literature. Canadian Wildlife Service Technical Report Series 61, 1-44.
33. Ross, L. J. & Sava, R. J. (1986). Fate of thiobencarb and molinate in rice fields. J. Environ. Qual. 15, 220-225.
34. Sanders, H. O. (1970). Pesticide toxicities to tadpoles of the western chorus frog Pseudacris triseriata and Fowler's toad Bufo woodhousii fowleri. Copeia 1970, 246-251.
35. Stebbins, R. C. & Cohen, N. W. (1995). A Natural History of Amphibians. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
36. Tyler, M. (1994). Australian Frogs - A Natural History. Chatswood: Reed Books.
37. Yoshimura, I. & Ohashi, Y. (1992). Statistical Analysis for Toxicology Data. Tokyo: Chijinshokan Co., Ltd.