Evolving concepts in plant glycolysis: Two centuries of progress

Biological Reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society

Volumn 74, Issue 3, 1999, Pages 277-309

  Givan, Curtis V ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF NEW HAMPSHIRE   (United States)

Author keywords

Compartmentation; Glycolytic regulation; Isoenzymes; Pasteur effect; Phosphofructokinase; Plant glycolysis; Plastid metabolism; Pyrophosphate

Indexed keywords

6 PHOSPHOFRUCTOKINASE; ALCOHOL; MONOSACCHARIDE; PYRUVIC ACID;

ANAEROBIC METABOLISM; CELL METABOLISM; CYTOSOL; ENZYME PURIFICATION; FERMENTATION; GLYCOLYSIS; MUSCLE TISSUE; NONHUMAN; PLANT; PLASTID; REVIEW; TRANSGENIC PLANT; YEAST;

EID: 0032773599     PISSN: 00063231     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1017/S0006323199005344     Document Type: Review

References (220)

1. ADAMS, P. B. & ROWAN, K. S. (1970). Glycolytic control of respiration during aging of carrot root tissue. Plant Physiology 45, 490-494.
2. ALBAUM, H. G., OGUR, M. & HIRSCHFELD, A. (1950). The isolation of adenosine triphosphate from plant tissue. Archives of Biochemistry 27, 130-142.
3. AP REES, T. (1980). Assessment of the contributions of metabolic pathways to plant respiration. In Metabolism and Respiration (ed. D. D. Davies). Biochemistry of Plants (gen. ed. P. K. Stumpf and E. E. Conn), vol. 2, pp. 1-29. Academic Press, New York.
4. AP REES, T. (1985). The organization of glycolysis and the oxidative pentose phosphate pathway in plants. In Higher Plant Cell Respiration (ed. R. Douce and D. A. Day). Encyclopedia of Plant Physiology. New Series. Vol. 18, pp. 391-417. Berlin: Springer Verlag.
5. AP REES, T. (1988). Hexose phosphate metabolism by non-photosynthetic tissues of higher plants. In Carbohydrates (ed. J. Preiss). Biochemistry of Plants, (gen. ed. P. K. Stumpf and E. E. Conn), vol. 14, pp. 1-33. Academic Press, New York.
6. AP REES, T., GREEN, J. H. & WILSON, P. M. (1985). Pyrophosphate: fructose 6-phosphate 1-phosphotransferase and glycolysis in non-photosynthetic tissues of higher plants. Biochemical Journal 227, 299-304.
7. AP REES, T. & HILL, S. A. (1994). Metabolic control analysis of plant metabolism. Plant Cell and Environment 17, 587-599.
8. ARNEY, S. E. (1939). Phosphate fractions in barley seedlings. Biochemical Journal 33, 1078-1086.
9. ARNON, D. I. (1952). Glyceraldehyde phosphate dehydrogenase of green plants. Science 116, 635-637.
10. ARNON, D. I., ROSENBERG, L. L. & WHATLEY, F. R. (1954). A new glyceraldehyde phosphate dehydrogenase from photosynthetic tissues. Nature 173, 1132-1134.
11. ATKINSON, D. E. (1990). What should a theory of metabolic control offer to the experimenter? In Control of Metabolic Processes (ed. A. Cornish-Bowden and M. L. Cardenas), pp. 3-27. Plenum Press, New York.
12. AXELROD, B. & BANDURSKI, R. S. (1953). Phosphoglyceryl kinase in higher plants. Journal of Biological Chemistry 204, 939-948.
13. AXELROD, B., BANDURSKI, R. S. & SALTMAN, P. (1951). Phosphate uptake by pea meal extracts. Federation Proceedings 10, 158-159.
14. AXELROD, B., BANDURSKI, R. S., GREINER, C. M. & JANG, R. (1953). The metabolism of hexose and pentose phosphates in higher plants. Journal of Biological Chemistry 202, 619-634.
15. AXELROD, B., SALTMAN, P., BANDURSKI, R. S. & BAKER, R. S. (1952). Phosphohexokinase in higher plants. Journal of Biological Chemistry 197, 89-104.
16. BARKER, J., KHAN, M. A. A. & SOLOMOS, T. (1964). Mechanism of the Pasteur effect. Nature 201, 1126-1127.
17. BARKER, J., KHAN, M. A. A. & SOLOMOS, T. (1966). Mechanism of the Pasteur effect. Nature 211, 547-548.
18. BARKER, J., KHAN, M. A. A. & SOLOMOS, T. (1967). Studies in the respiratory and carbohydrate metabolism of plant tissues. XXI. The mechanism of the Pasteur effect in peas. New Phytologist 66, 577-596.
19. BARRENSCHEEN, H. R. & PANY, J. (1930). Über die Rolle der Phosphorylierung im intermediären Kohlenhydratstoffwechsel der Pflanze. II. Biochemische Zeitschrift 219, 364-380.
20. BASSHAM, J. A., KIRK, M. R. & JENSEN, R. G. (1968). Photosynthesis by isolated chloroplasts. I. Diffusion of labelled photosynthetic intermediates between isolated chloroplasts and suspending medium. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 153, 211-218.
21. BAYSDORFER, C. & BASSHAM, J. A. (1984). Spinach pyruvate kinase isoforms. Partial purification and regulatory properties. Plant Physiology 74, 374-379.
22. BEEVERS, H. (1961). Respiratory Metabolism in Plants. Row, Peterson & Co., Evanston IL, USA.
23. BERARD, M. (1821) Sur la maturation des fruits. Annales de la Chimique et de Physique 16, 152-183.
24. BIRD, I. F., CORNELIUS, M. J., DYER, T. A. & KEYS, A. J. (1973). The purity of chloroplasts isolated in non-aqueous media. Journal of Experimental Botany 24, 211-215.
25. BLACK, C. C., MUSTARDY, L., SUNG, S. S., KORMANIK, P. P., XU, D.-P. & PAZ, N. (1987). Regulation and roles for alternative pathways ofhexose metabolism in plants. Physiologia Plantarum 69, 387-394.
26. BLACKMAN, F. F. (1954). Analytic Studies in Plant Respiration. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
27. BLANGY, D., BUC, H. & MONOD, J. (1968). Kinetics of the allosteric interactions of phosphofructokinase from Escherichia coli. Journal of Molecular Biology 31, 13-35.
28. BODNAR, J. (1916). Über die Zymase und Carboxylase der Kartoffel und Zuckerrübe. Biochemische Zeitschrift 73, 193-210.
29. BONNER, J. (1948). Biochemical mechanisms in the respiration of the Avena coleoptile. Archives of Biochemistry 17, 311-326.
30. BONNER, J. (1950). Plant Biochemistry. Academic Press, New York.
31. BOTHA, A.-M. & BOTHA, F. C. (1991). Pyrophosphate dependent phosphofructokinase of Citrullus lanatus: molecular forms and expression of subunits. Plant Physiology 83, 772-777.
32. BOWSHER, G. G., HUCKLESBY, D. P. & EMES, M. J. (1989). Nitrite reduction and carbohydrate metabolism in plastids. Planta 177, 359-366.
33. 2 in roots of Pisum and Plantago. Photochemistry 24, 1635-1638.
34. BUCHNER, E. (1897a). Alkoholische Gärung ohne Hefezellen. (Vorläufe Mittheilung). Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 30, 117-124.
35. BUCHNER, E. (1897b). Alkoholische Gärung ohne Hefezellen. Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 30, 1110-1113.
36. BURKHARD, J. & NEUBERG, C. (1934). Zur Frage nach der Entstehung der Rohrzuckers. Biochemische Zeitschrift 270, 229-234.
37. BURRELL, M., MOONEY, P. J., BLUNDY, M., CARTER, D., WILSON, F., GREEN, J., BLUNDY, K. S. & AP REES, T. (1994). Genetic manipulation of 6-phosphofructokinase in potato tubers. Planta 194, 95-101.
38. CARDINI, C. E. (1951). Activation of plant phosphoglucomutase by glucose 1,6-diphosphate. Enzymologia 15, 44-48.
39. CARLISLE, S. M., BLAKELY, S. D., HEMMINGSEN, S. M., TREVANION, S. J., HIYOSHI, T., KRUGER, N. J. & DENNIS, D. T. (1990). Pyrophosphate-dependent phosphofructokinase. Conservation of the protein sequence between the α- and β-subunits with the ATP-dependent phosphofructokinase. Journal of Biological Chemistry 265, 18366-18371.
40. CARNAL, N. W. & BLACK, C. C. (1979). Pyrophosphate-dependent 6-phosphofructokinase, a new glycolytic enzyme in pineapple leaves. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 86, 20-26.
41. CHENG, H. F. & TAO, M. (1990). Differential proteolysis of the subunits of pyrophosphate-dependent 6-phosphofructo-1-phosphotransferase. Journal of Biological Chemistry 265, 2173-2177.
42. COPELAND, L. & TURNER, J. F. (1987). The regulation of glycolysis and the pentose phosphate pathway. In Biochemistry of Metabolism (ed. D. D. Davies), Biochemistry of Plants (gen. ed. P. K. Stumpf and E. E. Conn), vol. 11, pp. 107-128. New York: Academic Press.
43. DAVIES, D. D. (1979). The central role of phosphoenolpyruvate in plant metabolism. Annual Review of Plant Physiology 30, 151-158.
44. DAVIES, D. D., GREGO, S. & KENWORTHY, P. (1974). The control of the production of lactate and ethanol by higher plants. Planta 118, 297-310.
45. DENNIS, D. T. & COULTATE, T. P. (1966). Phosphofructokinase, a regulatory enzyme in plants. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 25, 187-191.
46. DENNIS, D. T. & COULTATE, T. P. (1967). The regulatory properties of a plant phosphofructokinase during leaf development. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 146, 129-137.
47. DENNIS, D. T. & GREEN, T. R. (1975). Soluble and particulate glycolysis in developing castor bean endosperm. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 64, 970-975.
48. DENNIS, D. T. & GREYSON, M. F. (1987). Fructose 6-phosphate metabolism in plants. Physiologia Plantarum 69, 395-404.
49. DENNIS, D. T., HUANG, Y. & NEGM, F. B. (1997). Glycolysis, the pentose phosphate pathway and anaerobic respiration. In Plant Metabolism (ed. D. T. Dennis et al.), pp. 105-123. Addison-Wesley Longman, Harlow, Essex.
50. DENNIS, D. T. & MIERNYK, J. (1982). Compartmentation of nonphotosynthetic carbohydrate metabolism. Annual Review of Plant Physiology 33, 27-50.
51. DREW, M. C. (1997). Oxygen deficiency and root metabolism: Injury and acclimation under hypoxia and anoxia. Annual Review of Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology 48, 223-250.
52. DUBRUNFAUT, A. P. (1830). Über Verwandlung des Stärkmehls in Zucker durch Malz. Journal für Technische und Okonimische Chemie 9, 156-158.
53. DUFF, S. M. G., LEFEBVRE, D. D. & PLAXTON, W. C. (1989). Phosphate starvation inducible 'bypasses' of adenylate and phosphate dependent glycolytic enzymes in Brassica nigra cells. Plant Physiology 90, 1275-1278.
54. EDWARDS, S., NGUYEN, B.-T., DO, B. & ROBERTS, J. K. M. (1998). Contribution of malic enzyme, pyruvate kinase, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase, and the Krebs cycle to respiration and biosynthesis and to intracellular pH regulation during hypoxia in maize root tips observed by nuclear magnetic resonance imaging and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Plant Physiology 116, 1073-1081.
55. EFFER, W. R. & RANSON, S. L. (1967). Some effects of oxygen concentration on levels of respiratory intermediates in buckwheat seedlings. Plant Physiology 42, 1053-1058.
56. ELIAS, B. A. (1977). Tricarboxylic acid enzyme localisation studies in subcellular organelles of Pisum sativum L. Ph.D. thesis, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, U.K.
57. ELIAS, B. A. & GIVAN, C. V. (1978). Density gradient and differential centrifugation methods for chloroplast purification and enzyme localization in leaf tissue. Planta 142, 317-320.
58. EMES, M. J. & DENNIS, D. T. (1997). Regulation by compartmentation. In Plant Metabolism (ed. D. T. Dennis et al.), pp. 69-80. Addison-Wesley Longman, Harlow, Essex.
59. EMES, M. J. & TOBIN, A. K. (1993). Control of metabolism and development in higher plant plastids. International Review of Cytology 145, 149-216.
60. ERECINSKA, M., STUBBS, M., MIYATA, Y., DITRE, C. M. & WILSON, D. F. (1977). Regulation of cellular metabolism by intracellular phosphate. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 462, 20-35.
61. EVANS, H. J. (1963). Effect of potassium and other univalent cations on activity of pyruvate kinase in Pisum sativum. Plant Physiology 38, 397-402.
62. FAIZ-UR-RAHMAN, A. T. M., TREWAVAS, A. J. & DAVIES, D. D. (1974). The Pasteur effect in carrot root tissue. Planta 118, 195-210.
63. FLÜGGE, U.-I. (1998). Metabolite transporters in plastids. Current Opinion in Plant Biology 1, 201-206.
64. FLÜGGE, U.-I., FISCHER, K., GROSS, A., SEBALD, W., LOTTSPEICH, F. & ECKERSTROM, C. (1989). The triose phosphate translocator from spinach chloroplasts: nucleotide sequence of a full-length cDNA clone and import of the in vitro synthesized precursor protein into chloroplasts. EMBO Journal 8, 39-46.
65. FLÜGGE, U.-I. & HELDT, H.-W. (1991). Metabolite translocators of the chloroplast envelope. Annual Review of Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology 42, 129-144.
66. FOTHERGILL-GILMORE, L. A. & MICHELS, P. A. M. (1993). Evolution of glycolysis. Progress in Biophysics and Molecular Biology 59, 105-235.
67. FOX, G. G., MCCALLAN, N. R. & RATCLIFFE, R. G. (1994). Manipulating cytoplasmic pH under anoxia: a critical test of the role of pH in the switch from aerobic to anaerobic metabolism. Planta 195, 324-330.
68. FREHNER, M., POZUETA-ROMERO, J. & AKAZAWA, T. (1990). Enzyme sets of glycolysis, gluconeogenesis and oxidative pentose pathway are not complete in nongreen highly purified amyloplasts of sycamore (Acer pseudoplatanus L). cell suspensions. Plant Physiology 94, 538-544.
69. GALINA, A., REIS, M., ALBUQUERQUE, M. C., GOMEZ-PUYOU, A., GOMEZ-PUYOU, M. T. & DE MEIS, L. (1995). Differential properties of the mitochondrial and cytosolic hexokinases in maize roots. Biochemical Journal 309, 105-112.
70. GARLAND, W. J. & DENNIS, D. T. (1980). Plastid and cytosolic phosphofructokinases from the developing endosperm of Ricinus communis. II. Comparison of the kinetic and regulatory properties of the isoenzymes. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics 204, 310-317.
71. GARDNER, A., DAVIES, H. V. & BURCH, L. R. (1992). Purification and properties of fructokinase from developing tubers of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.). Plant Physiology 100, 178-183.
72. GEIGENBERGER, P. & STITT, M. (1991). Regulation of carbon partitioning between sucrose and nitrogen assimilation in cotyledons of Ricinus communis L. seedlings. Planta 185, 563-568.
73. GERHARDT, R., STITT, M. & HELDT, H.-W. (1987). Subcellular metabolite levels in spinach leaves. Regulation of sucrose synthesis during diurnal alterations in photosynthetic seedlings. Plant Physiology 83, 399-407.
74. GIBBS, M. (1952). Triosephosphate dehydrogenase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase in the pea plant. Nature 170, 164-165.
75. GIBBS, M., LATZKO, E. & HEW, C. S. (1970). Photosynthetic carbon fixation by isolated maize chloroplasts. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 40, 1356-1361.
76. GIVAN, C. V. (1968). Short-term changes in hexose phosphates and ATP in intact cells of Acer pseudoplatanus L. subjected to anoxia. Plant Physiology 43, 948-952.
77. GIVAN, C. V. (1972). Control of glycolysis by orthophosphate and adenosine triphosphate in soluble extracts of germinating pea seeds. Planta 108, 29-38.
78. GIVAN, C. V. (1974). Regulation of glycolysis by adenosine diphosphate in Pisum sativum. Photochemistry 13, 1741-1745.
79. GIVAN, C. V. (1983). The source of acetyl coenzyme A in chloroplasts of higher plants. Physiologia Plantarum 57, 311-316.
80. GOTTLOB-MCHUGH, S. G., SANGWAN, R. S., BLAKELY, S. D., VANLERBERGE, G., KO, K., TURPIN, D. H., PLAXTON, W. C., MIKI, B. L. & DENNIS, D. T. (1992). Normal growth of transgenic tobacco plants in the absence of cytosolic pyruvate kinase. Plant Physiology 100, 820-825.
81. GREEN, D. E. & STUMPF, P. K. (1942). Starch phosphorylase of potato. Journal of Biological Chemistry 142, 355-366.
82. GUGLIELMINETTI, L., WU, Y., BOSCHI, E. & YAMAGUCHI, J. (1997). Effects of anoxia on sucrose degrading enzymes in cereal seeds. Journal of Plant Physiology 150, 251-258.
83. HAGEMAN, R. H. & ARNON, D. I. (1955). Changes in glyceraldehyde phosphate dehydrogenase during the life cycle of a green plant. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics 58, 421-436.
84. HAJIREZAEI, M., SONNEWALD, U., VIOLA, R., CARLISLE, S., DENNIS, D. T. & STITT, M. (1994). Transgenic potato plants with strongly decreased expression of pyrophosphate: fructose-6-P phosphotransferase show no visible phenotype and only minor changes in metabolic fluxes in their tubers. Planta 192, 16-30.
85. HAMPP, R., GOLLER, M. & ZIEGLER, H. (1982). Adenylate levels, energy charge, and phosphorylation potential during dark-light and light-dark transition in chloroplasts, mitochondria and cytosol of mesophyll protoplasts from Avena sativa L. Plant Physiology 69, 448-455.
86. HANES, C. S. (1940). Reversible formation of starch from glucose-1-phosphate catalyzed by potato phosphorylase. Proceedings of the Royal Society Ser. B. 129, 174-208.
87. HASSID, W. Z. (1938). Isolation of a hexosephosphate from pea leaves. Plant Physiology 13, 641-647.
88. HATCH, M. D. & TURNER, J. F. (1958). Glycolysis by an extract from pea seeds. Biochemical Journal 69, 495-501.
89. HATZFELD, W. D. & STITT, M. (1991). Regulation of glycolysis in heterotrophic cell suspension cultures of Chenopodium rubrum in response to proton fluxes at the plasmalemma. Physiologia Plantarum 81, 103-110.
90. HEARD, C. R. C. (1945). On phosphoric esters in barley. New Phytologist 44, 184-195.
91. HEINRICH, R. & RAPOPORT, T. A. (1974). A linear steady-rate treatment of enzymatic chains. Critique of the crossover theorem and a general procedure to identify interaction sites with an effector. European Journal of Biochemistry 42, 97-105.
92. HESS, B., HAECKEL, R. & BRAND, H. (1966). FDP-activation of yeast pyruvate kinase. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 24, 824-831.
93. HOFMEYR, J. H. & CORNISH-BOWDEN, A. (1991). Quantitative assessment of regulation in metabolic systems. European Journal of Biochemistry 200, 223-236.
94. HUPPE, H. C. & TURPIN, D. H. (1994). Integration of carbon and nitrogen metabolism in plant and algal cells. Annual Review of Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology 45, 577-607.
95. IGLESIAS, A. A. & LOSADA, M. (1988). Purification and kinetic and structural properties of spinach leaf NADP-dependent nonphosphorylating glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics 260, 830-840.
96. IRELAND, R. J., DE LUCA, V. & DENNIS, D. T. (1979). Isoenzymes of pyruvate kinase in etioplasts and chloroplasts. Plant Physiology 63, 903-907.
97. IRELAND, R. J., DE LUCA, V. & DENNIS, D. T. (1980). Characterization and kinetics of isoenzymes of pyruvate kinase from developing castor bean endosperm. Plant Physiology 65, 1188-1193.
98. JAMES, W. O. (1953). Plant Respiration. Oxford University Press, London.
99. JAMES, W. O., HEARD, C. R. C. & JAMES, G. M. (1944). On the oxidative decomposition of hexose-diphosphate by barley. The role of ascorbic acid. New Phytologist 43, 62-74.
100. JAMES, W. O., JAMES, G. M. & BUNTING, K. H. (1941). On the method of formation of pyruvic acid by barley. Biochemical Journal 35, 588-594.
101. JANG, J.-C., LEON, P., ZHOU, L., & SHEEN, J. (1997). Hexokinase as a sugar sensor in plants. The Plant Cell 9, 5-19.
102. JOURNET, E.-P. & DOUCE, R. (1985). Enzymic capacities of purified cauliflower bud plastids for lipid synthesis and carbohydrate metabolism. Plant Physiology 79, 458-467.
103. JUSZCZUK, I. & RYCHTER, A. M. (1997). Changes in pyridine nucleotide levels in leaves and roots of bean plants during phosphate deficiency. Journal of Plant Physiology 151, 399-404.
104. KACSER, H. & BURNS, J. A. (1973). The control of flux. Symposia of the Society of Experimental Biology 27, 65-104.
105. KAMMERER, B., FISCHER, K., HILPERT, B., SCHUBERT, S., GUTENSOHN, M., WEBER, A. & FLÜGGE, U.-I. (1998). Molecular characterization of a carbon transporter in plastids from heterotrophic tissues: the glucose 6-phosphate antiporter. The Plant Cell 10, 105-117.
106. KANAYAMA, Y., GRANOT, D., DAI, N., PETREIKOV, M., SCHAFFER, A., POWELL, A. & BENNETT, A. B. (1998). Tomato fructokinases exhibit differential expression and substrate regulation. Plant Physiology 117, 85-90.
107. KATZ, J. & HASSID, W. Z. (1951). Arsenolysis of amylose and amylopectin. Archives of Biochemistry 30, 272-281.
108. KELLY, G. J. & GIBBS, M. (1973). Nonreversible D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase of plant tissues. Plant Physiology 52, 111-118.
109. KELLY, G. J. & LATZKO, E. (1975). Evidence for phosphofructokinase in chloroplasts. Nature 256, 429-430.
110. KELLY, G. J. & LATZKO, E. (1977a). Chloroplast phosphofructokinase. I. Proof of phosphofructokinase activity in chloroplasts. Plant Physiology 60, 290-294.
111. KELLY, G. J. & LATZKO, E. (1977b). Chloroplast phosphofructokinase. II. Partial purification, kinetic and regulatory properties. Plant Physiology 60, 295-299.
112. KELLY, G. J. & TURNER, J. F. (1968). Inhibition of pea-seed phosphofructokinase by phosphoenolpyruvate. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 30, 195-199.
113. KELLY, G. J. & TURNER, J. F. (1969). The regulation of pea-seed phosphofructokinase by phosphoenolpyruvate. Biochemical Journal 115, 481-487.
114. KELLY, G. J. & TURNER, J. F. (1970). The regulation of pea-seed phosphofructokinase by 3-phosphoglycerate, 2-phosphoglycerate and phosphoenolpyruvate. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 208, 360-367.
115. KELLY, G. J. & TURNER, J. F. (1971). Cooperatively in pea-seed phosphofructokinase. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 242, 559-565.
116. KENNEDY, R. A., RUMPHO, M. & Fox, T. C. (1992). Anaerobic metabolism in plants. Plant Physiology 100, 1-6.
117. KLEIN, D. & STITT, M. (1998). Effects of 2-deoxyglucose on the expression of rbcS and the metabolism of Chenopodium rubrum cell-suspension cultures. Planta 205, 223-234.
118. KNOWLES, V. L., MCHUGH, S. G., HU, Z., DENNIS, D. T., MIKI, B. L. & PLAXTON, W. C. (1998). Altered growth of transgenic tobacco lacking leaf cytosolic pyruvate kinase. Plant Physiology 116, 45-51.
119. KOBR, M. J. & BEEVERS, H. (1971). Gluconeogenesis in the castor bean endosperm. I. Changes in glycolytic intermediates. Plant Physiology 47, 48-52.
120. KOCH, K. E. (1996). Carbohydrate-modulated gene expression in plants. Annual Review of Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology 47, 509-540.
121. KOMBRINK, E., KRUGER, N. J. & BEEVERS, H. (1984). Kinetic properties of pyrophosphate: fructose-6-phosphate phospho-transferase from germinating castor bean endosperm. Plant Physiology 74, 395-401.
122. KOSEGARTEN, H. & MENGEL, K. (1994). Evidence for a glucose 1-phosphate translocator in storage tissue amyloplasts of potato (Solanum tuberosum) suspension-cultured cells. Physiologia Plantarum 91, 111-120.
123. KREBS, H. A. (1957). Control of metabolic processes. Endeavour 16, 125-1321
124. KREBS, H. A. (1969). The role of equilibria in the regulation of metabolism. Current Topics in Cellular Regulation 1, 45-58.
125. KRUGER, N. J. (1997). Carbohydrate synthesis and degradation. In Plant Metabolism (ed. D. T. Dennis et al.), pp. 83-104. Addison-Wesley Longman, Harlow, Essex.
126. KRUGER, N. J. & DENNIS, D. T. (1987). Molecular properties of pyrophosphate: fructose-6-phosphate phosphotransferase from potato tuber. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics 256, 273-279.
127. KRUGER, N. J., HEMMINGSEN, S. M. & DENNIS, D. T. (1986). Distribution of pyrophosphate: fructose 6-phosphate phospho-transferase in maize leaves. Plant Physiology 81, 12-16.
128. LATZKO, E. & GIBBS, M. (1968). Distribution and activity of enzymes of the reductive pentose cycle in spinach leaves and in chloroplasts isolated by different methods. Zeitschrift für Pflanzenphysiologie 595, 184-194.
129. LECHARTIER, G. & BELLAMY, F. (1869a). Étude sur le gaz produit par les fruits. Computes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de L'Académie, des Sciences Paris 69, 356-360.
130. LECHARTIER, G. & BELLAMY, F. (1869b). De la fermentation des fruits. Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de L'Académie des Sciences Paris 69, 466-469.
131. LECHARTIER, G. & BELLAMY, F. (1872). De la fermentation des fruits. Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de L'Académie des Sciences Paris 75, 1203-1206.
132. LEVI, C. & GIBBS, M. (1976). Starch degradation in isolated spinach chloroplasts. Plant Physiology 57, 933-935.
133. LILLEY, R. McC., CHON, C. J., MOSBACH, A. & HELDT, H.-W. (1977). The distribution of metabolites between spinach chloroplasts and medium during photosynthesis in vitro. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 460, 259-272.
134. LODDENKÖTTER, B., KAMMERER, B., FISCHER, K. & FLÜGGE, U.-I. (1993). Expression of the functional mature chloroplast triose phosphate/phosphate translocator in yeast internal membranes and purification of the histidine-tagged protein by a single metal-affinity chromatography step. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (U.S.A.) 90, 2155-2159.
135. LONGSTAFFE, M., RAINES, C. A., MCMORROW, E. M., BRADBEER, J. W. & DYER, T. A. (1989). Wheat phosphoglycerate kinase: evidence for recombination between the genes for the chloroplast and cytosolic enzymes. Nucleic Acids Research 17, 6569-6580.
136. LOWRY, O. H. & PASSONNEAU, J. V. (1964). A comparison of the kinetic properties of phosphofructokinase from bacterial, plant and animal sources. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Archiv für Experimentelle Pathologie und Pharmakologie 248, 185-194.
137. LYNEN, F. (1963). Regulatory mechanism in aerobic carbohydrate metabolism of yeast. In Control Mechanisms in Respiration and Fermentation (ed. B. Wright), pp. 289-306. The Ronald Press Co., New York.
138. MACDONALD, F. D. & AP REES, T. (1983). Enzymic properties of amyloplasts from suspension cultures of soybean. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 755, 81-89.
139. MARRÉ, E., BIANCHETTI, R. & COCUCCI, S. (1966). Rate limiting factors of glycolysis in higher plants. Italian Journal of Biochemistry 15, 135-144.
140. 31P nuclear magnetic resonance study of intracellular pH of plant cells cultivated in liquid medium. Plant Physiology 70, 1156-1161.
141. MARTINEZ-BARAJAS, E. & RANDALL, D. D. (1996). Purification and characterization of fructokinase from developing tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill) fruits. Planta 199, 451-458.
142. MARTINEZ-BARAJAS, E. & RANDALL, D. D. (1998). Purification and characterization of a glucokinase from young tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum. L. Mill.) fruit. Planta 205, 567-573.
143. MCRAE, A. R. & MOORHOUSE, R. (1970). The oxidation of malate by mitochondria isolated from cauliflower buds. European Journal of Biochemistry 16, 96-102.
144. MEDINA, A. & SOLS, A. (1956). A specific fructokinase in peas. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 19, 378-379.
145. MIERNYK, J. A. (1990). Glycolysis, the oxidative pentose phosphate pathway and anaerobic respiration. In Plant Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (ed. D. T. Dennis and D. H. Turpin), pp. 77-100. Longman Scientific and Technical, Harlow, Essex.
146. MIFLIN, B. J. & BEEVERS, H. (1974). Isolation of intact plastids from a range of plant tissues. Plant Physiology 53, 870-874.
147. MILLER, G. W. (1958). Properties of enolase in extracts from pea seeds. Plant Physiology 33, 199-206.
148. MILLER, G. W. & EVANS, H. J. (1957). The influence of salts on pyruvate kinase from tissues of higher plants. Plant Physiology 32, 346-354.
149. MILLERD, A., BONNER, J., AXELROD, B. & BANDURSKI, R. S. (1951). Oxidative and phosphorylative activity of plant mitochondria. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (U.S.A.) 37, 855-862.
150. MONTAVON, P. & KRUGER, N. J. (1993). Essential arginyl residue at the active site of pyrophosphate : fructose 6-phosphate 1-phosphotransferase from potato tuber. Plant Physiology 101, 765-771.
151. NAGANO, M., HACHIYA, A. & ASHIHARA, H. (1994). Phosphate starvation and a glycolytic bypass catalyzed by phosphoenol-pyruvate carboxylase in suspension cultured Catharanthus roseus cells. Zeitschrift für Naturforschung 49c, 742-750.
152. NESIUS, K. K. & FLETCHER, J. S. (1975). Contribution of nonautotrophic carbon dioxide fixation to protein synthesis in suspension cultures of Paul's Scarlet rose. Plant Physiology 55, 643-645.
153. NEUBERG, C. & GOTTSCHALK, A. (1925). Über den nachweis von Acetaldehyd als Zwischenstufe bei der anaeroben Atmung höheren Pflanzen. Biochemische Zeitschrift 160, 256-260.
154. NEWSHOLME, E. A. & START, C. (1973). Regulation in Metabolism. Wiley, New York.
155. NIELSEN, T. H. (1994). Pyrophosphate:fructose-6-phosphate 1-phosphotransferase from barley seedlings: isolation, subunit composition and kinetic characterization. Physiologia Plantarum 92, 311-321.
156. NISHIMURA, M. & BEEVERS, H. (1979). Subcellular distribution of gluconeogenetic enzymes in germinating castor been endosperm. Plant Physiology 64, 31-37.
157. PALLADIN, W. & KOSTYCHEV, S. (1907). Über anaerobe Atmung der Samenpflanzen ohne Alkoholbildung. Berichte der deutschebotanische Gesellschaft 25, 51-56.
158. PASTEUR, L. (1872). Faits noveaux pour servir à la connaissance de la théorie des fermentations proprement dites. Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Séances de L'Académie des Sciences Paris 75, 784-790.
159. PAUL, M., SONNEWALD, U., HAJIREZAEI, M., DENNIS, D. T. & STITT, M. (1995). Transgenic tobacco plants with strongly decreased expression of pyrophosphate: fructose-6-phosphate 1-phosphotransferase do not differ significantly from wild type in photosynthate partitioning, plant growth or their ability to cope with limiting phosphate, limiting nitrogen and suboptimal temperatures. Planta 196, 277-283.
160. PELZER-REITH, B., PENGER, A. & SCHNARRENBERGER, C. (1993). Plant aldolase: cDNA and deduced amino-acid sequences of the chloroplast and cytosol enzyme from spinach. Plant Molecular Biology 21, 331-340.
161. PFEFFER, W. (1878). Das Wesen und die Bedeutung der Athmung in der Pflanze. Landwirtschaftliche Jahrbucher 7, 805-834.
162. PLAXTON, W. C. (1996). The organization and regulation of plant glycolysis. Annual Review of Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology 47, 185-214.
163. PODESTÁ, F. E. & PLAXTON, W. C. (1994a). Regulation of cytosolic carbon metabolism in germinating Ricinus communis cotyledons. I. Developmental profiles for the activity, concentration and molecular structure of the pyrophosphate- and ATP-dependent phosphofructokinases, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase, and pyruvate kinase. Planta 194, 374-380.
164. PODESTÁ, F. E. & PLAXTON, W. C. (1994b). Regulation of cytosolic carbon metabolism in germinating Ricinus communis cotyledons. II. Properties of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase and cytosolic pyruvate kinase associated with the regulation of glycolysis and nitrogen assimilation. Planta 194, 381-387.
165. RACKER, E. & KRIMSKY, I. (1952). The mechanism of oxidation of aldehydes by glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase. Journal of Biological Chemistry 198, 731-743.
166. RAMAIAH, A., HATHAWAY, J. A. & ATKINSON, D. E. (1964). Adenylate as a metabolic regulator. Effect on yeast phosphofructokinase. Journal of Biological Chemistry 239, 3619-3622.
167. RATCLIFFE, R. G. (1995). Metabolic aspects of the anoxic response in plant tissue. In Environment and Plant Metabolism: Flexibility and Acclimation (ed. N. Smirnoff), pp. 111-127. Bios Scientific, Oxford.
168. RENZ, A., MERLO, L. & STITT, M. (1993). Partial purification from potato tubers of three fructokinases and three hexokinases which show differing organ and developmental specificity. Planta 190, 156-165.
169. ROBERTS, J. K. M., CALLIS, J., WEMMER, D., WALBOT, V. & JARDETKY, O. (1984a). Mechanism of cytoplasmic pH regulation in hypoxic maize root tips and its role in survival under anoxia. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (U.S.A.) 81, 3379-3383.
170. ROBERTS, J. K. M., CALLIS, J., WALBOT, V. & FREELING, M. (1984b). Cytoplasmic acidosis as a determinant of flooding intolerance in plants. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (U.S.A.) 81, 6029-6033.
171. ROBINSON, S. P. & WALKER, D. A. (1980) Distribution of metabolites between chloroplast and cytoplasm during the induction phase of photosynthesis in leaf protoplasts. Plant Physiology 65, 902-905.
172. ROCHA, V. & TING, I. P. (1971). Malate dehydrogenases of leaf tissue from Spinacea oleracea: properties of three isoenzymes. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics 147, 114-122.
173. SABULARSE, D. C. & ANDERSON, R. L. (1981). D-Fructose 2,6-bisphosphate: a naturally occurring activator for inorganic pyrophosphate: D-fructose-6-phosphate 1-phosphotransferase in plants. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 103, 848-855.
174. 31P-NMR) and lactate during normoxic and anoxic transitions in maize root tips. European Journal of Biochemistry 200, 477-482.
175. SALTMAN, P. (1953). Hexokinase in higher plants. Journal of Biological Chemistry 200, 145-154.
176. DE SAUSSURE, N.TH. (1804). Recherches chimique sur la végétation. Paris.
177. + reductase of spinach leaves. Steady state kinetics and effect of inhibitors. Plant Physiology 94, 1337-1344.
178. SCHNARRENBERGER, C., FLECHNER, A. & MARTIN, W. (1995). Enzymatic evidence for a complete oxidative pentose phosphate pathway in chloroplasts and an incomplete pathway in the cytosol of spinach leaves. Plant Physiology 108, 609-614.
179. SIMCOX, P. D., REID, E. E., CANVIN, D. T. & DENNIS, D. T. (1977). Enzymes of the glycolytic and pentose phosphate pathways in proplastids from the developing endosperm of Ricinus communis L. Plant Physiology 59, 1128-1132.
180. SMEEKENS, S. & ROOK, F. (1997). Sugar sensing and sugar-mediated signal transduction in plants. Plant Physiology 115, 7-13.
181. SOMERS, G. F. & COSBY, E. L. (1945). The conversion of fructose-6-phosphate into glucose-6-phosphate in plant extracts. Archives of Biochemistry 6, 295-302.
182. SMYTH, D. A. & BLACK, C. C., JR. (1984). Measurement of the pyrophosphate content of plant tissues. Plant Physiology 75, 862-864.
183. SMYTH, D. A., WU, M.-X. & BLACK, C. C., JR. (1984). Pyrophosphate and fructose 2,6-bisphosphate effects on glycolysis in pea seed extracts. Plant Physiology 76, 316-320.
184. STEUP, M., PEAVEY, D. G. & GIBBS, M. (1976). The regulation of starch metabolism by inorganic phosphate. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 72, 1554-1561.
185. STITT, M. (1989). Product inhibition of potato tuber pyrophosphate : fructose 6-phosphate phosphotransferase by phosphate and pyrophosphate. Plant Physiology 89, 628-633.
186. STITT, M. (1997). The flux of carbon between the chloroplast and cytoplasm. In Plant Metabolism (ed. D. T. Dennis et al.), pp. 382-400. Addison-Wesley Longman, Harlow, Essex.
187. STITT, M. & AP REES, T. (1979). Capacities of pea chloroplasts to catalyse the oxidative pentose phosphate pathway and glycolysis. Phytochemistry 18, 1905-1911.
188. STITT, M. & AP REES, T. (1980). Carbohydrate breakdown by chloroplasts of Pisum sativum. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 627, 131-143.
189. STITT, M. & HELDT, H.-W. (1981). Physiological rates of starch breakdown in isolated intact spinach chloroplasts. Plant Physiology 68, 755-761.
190. STITT, M. & HELDT, H.-W. (1985). Control of photosynthetic sucrose synthesis by fructose 2,6-bisphosphate. VI. Regulation of the cytosolic fructose
191. STITT, M. & SONNEWALD, U. (1995). Regulation of metabolism in transgenic plants. Annual Review of Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology 46, 341-368.
192. STITT, M., WIRTZ, W., GERHARDT, R., HELDT, H.-W., SPENCER, C. A., WALKER, D. & FOYER, C. H. (1985). A comparative study of metabolite levels in plant leaf material in the dark. Planta 166, 354-364.
193. STOKLASA, J. & CZERNY, F. (1903). Isolierung des die anaerobe Athmung der Zelle der höher organisirten Pflanzen und Tiere bewirkenden Enzyms. Berichte der Deutschen Chemischen Gesellschaft 36, 622-634.
194. STUMPF, P. K. (1948). Carbohydrate metabolism in higher plants. I. Pea aldolase. Journal of Biological Chemistry 176, 233-245.
195. STUMPF, P. K. (1950). Carbohydrate metabolism in higher plants. III. Breakdown of fructose diphosphate by pea extracts. Journal of Biological Chemistry 182, 261-272.
196. STUMPF, P. K. (1952). Glycolytic enzymes in higher plants. Annual Review of Plant Physiology 3, 17-34.
197. SUMNER, J. B. (1926). The isolation and crystallization of the enzyme urease. Journal of Biological Chemistry 69, 435-441.
198. TANKO, B. (1936). Hexose phosphates produced by higher plants. Biochemical Journal 30, 692-700.
199. TANNER, G. J., COPELAND, L. & TURNER, J. F. (1983). Subcellular localization of hexose kinases in pea stems. Plant Physiology 72, 659-663.
200. TETLOW, I. J., BLISSETT, K. J. & EMES, M. J. (1994). Starch synthesis and carbohydrate oxidation in amyloplasts from developing wheat endosperm. Planta 194, 454-460.
201. TETLOW, I. J., BOWSHER, C. G. & EMES, M. J. (1996). Reconstitution of the hexose phosphate translocator from the envelope membranes of wheat endosperm amyloplasts. Biochemical Journal 319, 717-723.
202. TEWFIK, S. & STUMPF, P. K. (1949). Carbohydrate metabolism in higher plants. II. The distribution of aldolase in plants. American Journal of Botany 36, 567-571.
203. TEWFIK, S. & STUMPF, P. K. (1951). Carbohydrate metabolism in plants. IV. Observations on triose phosphate dehydrogenase. Journal of Biological Chemistry 192, 519-526.
204. THEODOROU, M. E., CORNEL, F. A., DUFF, S. M. G. & PLAXTON, W. C. (1992). Phosphate starvation inducible synthesis of the a-subunit of pyrophosphate-dependent phosphofructokinase in black mustard suspension cells. Journal of Biological Chemistry 267, 21901-21905.
205. THEODOROU, M. E. & PLAXTON, W. C. (1996). Purification and characterization of pyrophosphate-dependent phosphofructokinase from phosphate-starved Brassica nigra suspension cells. Plant Physiology 112, 343-351.
206. THOMAS, M. (1935). Plant Physiology. J. & A. Churchill, London.
207. THOMAS, M., RANSON, S. L. & RICHARDSON, J. A. (1973). Plant Physiology, 5th edition. Longman Group, Ltd, London.
208. + on malate oxidation in intact plant mitochondria. Plant Physiology 66, 225-229.
209. TOMLINSON, J. D. & TURNER, J. F. (1973). Pyruvate kinase of higher plants. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 329, 128-139.
210. TRIMMING, B. A. & EMES, M. J. (1993). Glycolytic enzymes in non-photosynthetic plastids of pea (Pisum sativum) roots. Planta. 190, 439-445.
211. TURNER, J. F. & TURNER, D. H. (1975). The regulation of carbohydrate metabolism. Annual Review of Plant Physiology 26, 159-186.
212. TURNER, J. F. & TURNER, D. H. (1980). The regulation of glycolysis and the pentose phosphate pathway. In: Metabolism and Respiration (ed. D. D. Davies), Vol. II. The Biochemistry of Plants (gen. ed. P. K. Stumpf and E. E. Conn), pp. 279-316. Academic Press, New York.
213. WARBURG, O. & CHRISTIAN, W. (1939). Isolierung und Kristallisation des Proteins des oxydierenden Gärungsferments. Biochemische Zeitschrift 303, 40-68.
214. WARBURG, O. & CHRISTIAN, W. (1942). Isolierung und Kristallisation des Gärungsferments Enolase. Biochemische Zeitschrift 310, 384-410.
215. WILLIAMSON, J. R. (1966). Glycolytic control mechanisms. II. Kinetics of intermediate changes during the aerobic-anoxic transition in perfused rat heart. Journal of Biological Chemistry 241, 5026-5036.
216. WONG, J. H., KISS, F., WU, M.-X. & BUCHANAN, B. B. (1990). Pyrophosphate fructose-6-phosphate 1-phosphotransferase from tomato fruit. Evidence for a change during ripening. Plant Physiology 94, 499-506.
217. WONG, K. F. & DAVIES, D. D. (1973). Regulation of PEP carboxylase of Zea mays by metabolites. Biochemical Journal 131, 451-458.
218. YAMADA, M. & NAKAMURA, Y. (1975). Fatty acid synthesis by spinach chloroplasts. II. The path from PGA to fatty acids. Plant and Cell Physiology 16, 151-162.
219. YAN, T. F. J. & TAO, M. (1984). Multiple forms of pyrophosphate: D-fructose-6-phosphate 1-phosphotransferase from wheat seedlings. Journal of Biological Chemistry 259, 5087-5092.
220. ZENG, Y., WU, Y., AVIGNE, W. T. & KOCH, K. E. (1998). Differential regulation of sugar-sensitive sucrose synthases by hypoxia and anoxia indicate complementary transcriptional and posttranscriptional responses. Plant Physiology 116, 1573-1583.