Neuropsychological characteristics of the dementia syndrome of depression: Onset, resolution, and three-year follow-up

Clinical Neuropsychologist

Volumn 13, Issue 2, 1999, Pages 136-146

  McNeil, J Kevin ^a  

^a SAINT JOHN REGIONAL HOSPITAL   (Canada)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADULT; ALZHEIMER DISEASE; ARTICLE; CLINICAL ARTICLE; CLINICAL TRIAL; COGNITION; DATA ANALYSIS; DEMENTIA; DEPRESSION; DISEASE CLASSIFICATION; DOUBLE BLIND PROCEDURE; ELECTROCONVULSIVE THERAPY; FEMALE; FOLLOW UP; HUMAN; INSTITUTIONALIZATION; MALE; MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS; NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL TEST; PROSPECTIVE STUDY; RATING SCALE; VERBAL MEMORY; VISUAL MEMORY;

AGED; AGED, 80 AND OVER; ALZHEIMER DISEASE; DEMENTIA; DEPRESSIVE DISORDER, MAJOR; DIAGNOSIS, DIFFERENTIAL; DOUBLE-BLIND METHOD; FEMALE; FOLLOW-UP STUDIES; HUMANS; MALE; NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL TESTS; PATIENT ADMISSION; PROSPECTIVE STUDIES; PSYCHOMETRICS; REPRODUCIBILITY OF RESULTS;

EID: 0032772575     PISSN: 13854046     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1076/clin.13.2.136.1962     Document Type: Article

References (41)

1. American Psychiatric Association (1987). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (3rd Ed., Rev.). Washington, DC: Author.
2. Alexopoulos, G.S., Meyers, B.S., Young, R.C., Mattis, S., & Kakuma, T. (1993). The course of geriatric depression with "reversible dementia": A controlled study. American Journal of Psychiatry, 150, 1693-1699.
3. Botwinick, J., Storandt, M., & Berg, L. (1986). A longitudinal, behavioral study of senile dementia of the Alzheimer type. Archives of Neurology, 43, 1124-1127.
4. Caine, E. (1981). Pseudodementia: Current concepts and future directions. Archives of General Psychiatry, 38, 1359-1364.
5. Christensen, H., Griffiths, K., MacKinnon, A., & Jacomb, P. (1997). A quantitative review of cognitive deficits in depression and Alzheimer-type dementia. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 3, 631-651.
6. Endicott, J., & Spitzer, R. (1978). A diagnostic interview: The Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia. Archives of General Psychiatry, 35, 837-844.
7. Endicott, J., Spitzer, R.L., Fleiss, J.L., & Cohen, J. (1976). The Global Assessment Scale: A procedure for measuring overall severity of psychiatric disturbance. Archives of General Psychiatry, 33, 766-771.
8. Folstein, M.F., Folstein, S.E., & McHugh, P.R. (1975). "Mini-Mental State": A practical method for grading the cognitive state of patients for the clinician. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 12, 189-198.
9. Gainotti, G., & Marra, C. (1994). Some aspects of memory disorders clearly distinguish dementia of the Alzheimer's type from depressive pseudo-dementia. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 16, 65-78.
10. Greenwald, B.S., Kramer-Ginsberg, E., Marin, D.B., Laitman, L.B., Hermann, C.K., Mohs, R.C., & Davis, K.L. (1989). Dementia with coexistent major depression. American Journal of Psychiatry, 146, 1472-1478.
11. Hamilton, M. (1960). A rating scale for depression. Journal of Neurology and Psychiatry, 12, 56-62.
12. Ivnik, R.J., Malec, J.F., Smith, G.E., Tangalos, E.G., Petersen, R.C., Kokmen, E., & Kurland, L.T., (1992). Mayo's older Americans normative studies. WMS-R norms for ages 56 to 94. The Clinical Neuropsychologist, 6, Supplement, 49-82.
13. Kaszniak, A.W., & DiTraglia Christenson, G. (1994). Differential diagnosis of dementia and depression. In M. Storandt & G.R. Vanden Bos (Eds.), Neuropsychological Assessment of Dementia and Depression in Older Adults: A Clinician's Guide (pp. 81-118). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
14. Kaplan, E.F., Goodglass, H., & Weintraub, S. (1978). The Boston Naming Test, Boston: E. Kaplan & H. Goodglass
15. Kiloh, L.G. (1961). Pseudo-dementia. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 37, 336-351.
16. Kral, V.A. (1983). The relationship between senile dementia (Alzheimer type) and depression. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 28, 304-306.
17. Kral, V.A., & Emery, O.B. (1989). Long-term follow-up of depressive pseudodementia of the aged. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 34, 445-446.
18. Labouvie-Vief, G. (1985) Intelligence and cognition. In J.E. Birren & K.W. Schaie (Eds.), Handbook of Psychology and Aging (2nd Ed., pp. 500-530). New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold.
19. LaRue, A. (1992). Depression. In A. La Rue (Ed.), Aging and Neuropsychological Assessment (pp. 259-290). New York: Plenum.
20. Malec, J.F., Ivnik, R.J., Smith, G.E., Tangolos, E.G., Petersen, R.C., Kokmen, E., & Kurland, L.T., (1992). Mayo's older Americans normative studies: Utility of corrections for age and education for the WAIS-R. The Clinical Neuropsychologist, 6, Supplement, 31-48.
21. McNeil, J.K. (1993). False negative and false positive cases of pseudodementia. Clinical Gerontologist, 13, 67-70.
22. McNeil, J.K. (1996). Discriminative validity of clinical features and depression severity in the dementia syndrome of depression [Letter to the editor]. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 44, 1137-1139.
23. Nott, P., & Fleminger, J. (1975). Presenile dementia: The difficulties of early diagnosis. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 51, 210-217.
24. Pearlson, G.D., Rabins, P.V., Kim, W.S., Speedie, L.J., Moberg, P.J., Burns, A., & Bascom, M.J. (1989). Structural brain CT changes and cognitive deficits in elderly depressives with and without reversible dementia ('pseudodementia'). Psychological Medicine, 19, 573-584.
25. Pearson, J.L., Teri, L., Reifler, B.V., & Raskind, M.A. (1989). Functional status and cognitive impairment in Alzheimer's patients with and without depression. Journal of the American Geriatric's Society, 37, 1117-1121.
26. Rabins, P.V., Merchant, A., & Nestadt, G. (1984). Criteria for diagnosing reversible dementia caused by depression: Validation by 2-year follow-up. British Journal of Psychiatry, 144, 488-492.
27. Reding, M., Haycox, J., & Blass, J. (1985). Depression in patients referred to a dementia clinic: A three-year prospective study. Archives of Neurology, 42, 894-896.
28. Reifler, B.V., Larson, E., & Hanley, R. (1982). Coexistence of cognitive impairment and depression in geriatric outpatients. British Journal of Psychiatry, 139, 623-626.
29. Reifler, B.V., Teri, L., Raskind, M., Veith, R., Barnes, R., White, E., & McLean, P. (1989). Double-blind trial of imipramine in Alzheimer's disease patients with and without depression. American Journal of Psychiatry, 146, 45-49.
30. Rey, A. (1964). L'Examen Clinique en Psychologie. [The Clinical Examination in Psychology] Paris: Presses Universitaires de France.
31. Reynolds, C.F., Hoch, C.C., Kupfer, D.J., Buysse, D.J., Houck, P.R., Stack, J.A., & Campbell, D.W., (1988). Beside differentiation of depressive pseudodementia from dementia. American Journal of Psychiatry, 145, 1099-1103.
32. Reynolds, C.F., Kupfer, D.J., Hoch, C.C., Stack, J.A., Houck, P.R., & Sewitch, D.E. (1986). Two-year follow-up of elderly patients with mixed depression and dementia: Clinical and electroencephalographic sleep findings. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 34, 373-399.
33. Ron, M.A., Toone, B.K., Garralda, M.E., & Lishman, W.A., (1979). Diagnostic accuracy in presenile dementia. British Journal of Psychiatry, 134, 161-168.
34. Ryan, J.J., Paolo, A.M., & Brungardt, T.M. (1992). WAIS-R test-retest stability in normal persons 75 years and older. The Clinical Neuropsychologist, 6, 3-8.
35. Salmon, D.P., & Butters, N. (1992). Neuropsychologic assessment of dementia in the elderly. In R. Katzman & J. W. Row (Eds.), Principles of geriatric neurology (pp. 144-163). Philadelphia: F.A. Davis.
36. Spitzer, R., Endicott, J., & Robins, E. (1978). Research diagnostic criteria: Rationale and reliability. Archives of General Psychiatry, 35, 773-782.
37. Thompson, L.W. (1986). Measurement of depression: Implications for assessment of cognitive function in the elderly. In L.W. Poon (Ed.), Handbook for Clinical Memory Assessment of Older Adults (pp. 199-201). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
38. Tombaugh, T.N., & McIntyre, N.J. (1992). The Mini-Mental State Examination: A comprehensive review. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 40, 922-935.
39. Wechsler, D. (1981). WAIS-R Manual. New York: Psychological Corporation.
40. Wechsler, D. (1987). WMS-R Manual. New York: Psychological Corporation.
41. Wells, C.E. (1979). Pseudodementia. American Journal of Psychiatry, 136, 895-900.