Hepatitis C virus: Current understanding and prospects for future therapies

Molecular Medicine Today

Volumn 5, Issue 9, 1999, Pages 393-399

  Rosen, Hugo R ^a   Gretch, David R ^b  

^a PORTLAND VA MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ALPHA INTERFERON; ANTISENSE OLIGONUCLEOTIDE; ANTIVIRUS AGENT; HELICASE; NUCLEOSIDE ANALOG; PROTEINASE; PROTEINASE INHIBITOR; REBETRON; RECOMBINANT ALPHA2B INTERFERON; RIBAVIRIN; RIBOZYME; THYMOSIN; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG; VIRUS RNA;

GENETIC HETEROGENEITY; GENOTYPE; HEPATITIS C; HEPATITIS C VIRUS; NONHUMAN; REVIEW; RISK FACTOR; VIRUS INHIBITION; VIRUS LOAD; VIRUS REPLICATION; VIRUS TRANSMISSION;

ANIMALS; FORECASTING; GENETIC HETEROGENEITY; HEPACIVIRUS; HEPATITIS C; HUMANS; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

EID: 0032768206     PISSN: 13574310     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S1357-4310(99)01523-3     Document Type: Review

References (51)

1. Alter M.J.et al. The natural history of community acquired hepatitis C in the United States. New Engl. J. Med. 327:1992;1899-1905.
2. Marrone A., Sallie R. Genetic heterogeneity of hepatitis C virus: the clinical significance of genotypes and quasispecies behavior. Clin. Lab. Med. 16:1996;429-449.
3. Rosen, H.R., Chou, S., Sasaki, A.S. and Gretch, D.R. Molecular epidemiology of hepatitis C infection in U.S. veteran liver transplant recipients: evidence for decreasing relative prevalence of genotype 1b, Am. J. Gastroenterol. (in press).
4. Brechot C., Nalpas B., Feitelson M.A. Interactions between alcohol and hepatitis viruses in the liver. Clin. Lab. Med. 16:1996;273-287.
5. Yano M.et al. The long-term pathological evolution of chronic hepatitis C. Hepatology. 23:1996;1334-1340.
6. Missale G.et al. Different clinical behaviors of acute hepatitis C virus infection are associated with different vigor of the anti-viral cell-mediated immune response. J. Clin. Invest. 98:1996;706-714.
7. Rosen H.R. Acquisition of hepatitis C by a conjunctival splash. Am. J. Infect. Control. 25:1997;242-247.
8. Conry-Cantilena C.et al. Routes of infection, viremia and liver disease in blood donors found to have hepatitis C virus infection. New Engl. J. Med. 334:1996;1691-1696.
9. Alter M.J.et al. Risk factors for acute non-A, non-B hepatitis in the United States and association with hepatitis C virus infection. J. Am. Med. Assoc. 264:1990;2231-2235.
10. Thomas D.L.et al. Correlates of hepatitis C virus infections among injection drug users. Medicine. 74:1995;212-220.
11. Bukh J., Miller R.H., Purcell R.H. Genetic heterogeneity of hepatitis C virus: quasispecies and genotypes. Semin. Liver Dis. 15:1995;41-63.
12. Tsai S-L.et al. Hepatitis C virus variants circumventing cytotoxic T lymphocyte activity as a mechanism of chronicity. Gastroenterology. 115:1998;954-966.
13. Fang J.W.S., Chow V., Lau J.Y.N. Virology of hepatitis C virus. Clin. Liver Dis. 1:1997;493-514.
14. Gretch D.R. Use and interpretation of HCV diagnostic tests in the clinical setting. Clin. Liver Dis. 1:1997;543-557.
15. Davis G.L.et al. Quantitative detection of hepatitis C virus RNA with a solid-phase signal amplification method: definition of optimal conditions for specimen collection and clinical application in interferon-treated patients. Hepatology. 19:1994;1337-1341.
16. Gretch D.R.et al. Assessment of hepatitis C viremia using molecular amplification technologies: correlations and clinical implications. Ann. Intern. Med. 123:1995;321-329.
17. Lindsay K.L. Therapy of hepatitis C: overview. Hepatology. 26:1997;71S-77S.
18. Lam N.P.et al. Dose-dependent acute clearance of hepatitis C genotype 1 virus with interferon alpha. Hepatology. 26:1997;226-231.
19. Neumann A.U.et al. Hepatitis C viral dynamics in vivo and the antiviral efficacy of interferon-α therapy. Science. 282:1998;103-107.
20. Rosen H.R.et al. HCV viral kinetics analysis of daily vs b.i.d. induction interferon in genotype 1 infection. Hepatology. 28:1998;476A.
21. Lam N.P.et al. Differences in viral kinetics between HCV genotype 1 versus 2 or 3 may explain differences in treatment response. Gastroenterology. 114:1998;L0347.
22. Davis G.et al. Interferon alpha-2b alone or in combination with ribavirin for the treatment of relapse of chronic hepatitis C. New Engl. J. Med. 339:1998;1493-1499.
23. McHutchison J.G.et al. Interferon alpha-2b alone or in combination with ribavirin as initial treatment for chronic hepatitis C. New Engl. J. Med. 339:1998;1549-1550.
24. Andreone P.et al. A double-blind, placebo-controlled, pilot trial of thymosin alpha 1 for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C. Liver. 16:1996;207-210.
25. Sherman K.E.et al. Combination therapy with thymosin α1 and interferon for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C infection: a randomized, placebo-controlled double-blind trial. Hepatology. 27:1998;1128-1135.
26. Shiratori Y.et al. Predictors of the efficacy of interferon therapy in chronic hepatitis C infection. Gastroenterology. 113:1997;558-566.
27. Tsubota A.et al. Factors predictive of response to interferon alpha therapy in hepatitis C virus infection. Hepatology. 19:1994;1088-1094.
28. Koizumi K.et al. Diversity of quasispecies in various disease stages of chronic hepatitis C virus infection and its significance in interferon treatment. Hepatology. 22:1995;30-35.
29. Enomoto N.et al. Mutations in the nonstructural protein 5A gene and response to interferon in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus 1b infection. New Engl. J. Med. 334:1996;77-81.
30. Zeuzeum S., Lee H-H., Roth W.K. Mutations in the nonstructural 5A gene of European hepatitis C virus isolates and response to interferon alpha. Hepatology. 25:1997;740-744.
31. Herion D., Hoofnagle J.H. The interferon sensitivity determining region: all hepatitis C virus isolates are not the same. Hepatology. 25:1997;769-771.
32. Katze M.G.et al. Evidence that hepatitis C virus resistance to interferon is mediated through repression of the PKR protein kinase by the nonstructural 5A protein. Virology. 230:1997;217-227.
33. Serfaty L.et al. Determinants of outcome of compensated hepatitis C virus-related cirrhosis. Hepatology. 27:1998;1435-1440.
34. Kasahara A.et al. Risk factors for hepatocellular carcinoma and its incidence after interferon treatment in patients with chronic hepatitis C. Hepatology. 27:1998;1394-1402.
35. Benvegnu L.et al. Retrospective analysis of the effect of interferon therapy on the clinical outcome of patients with viral cirrhosis. Cancer. 83:1998;901-909.
36. Chu P.W., Westaway E.G. Characterization of Kunjin virus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase: reinitiation of synthesis in vitro. Virology. 157:1987;330-337.
37. Von Wizsacker F.et al. Gene therapy for chronic viral hepatitis: ribozymes, antisense oligonucleotides, and dominant negative mutants. Hepatology. 26:1997;251-255.
38. Pileri P.et al. Binding of hepatitis C virus to CD81. Science. 282:1998;938-941.
39. Bartenschlager R. Molecular targets in inhibition of hepatitis C replication. Antiviral Chem. Chemother. 8:1997;281-302.
40. Kim J.L.et al. Crystal structure of the hepatitis C virus NS3 protease domain complexed with a synthetic NS4A cofactor peptide. Cell. 87:1996;343-355.
41. Helene C., Toume J.J. Specific regulation of gene expression by antisense, sense and antigene nucleic acids. Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 1049:1990;99-125.
42. Wakita T., Wands J.R. Specific inhibition of hepatitis C virus expression by antisense oligodeoxynucleotides. In vitro model for selection of target sequence. J. Biol. Chem. 269:1994;14205-14210.
43. Hanecak R.et al. Antisense oligonucleotide inhibition of hepatitis C virus gene expression in transformed hepatocytes. J. Virol. 70:1996;5203-5212.
44. Thompson J.D., Macejak D., Couture L., Sinchcom D.T. Biozymes in gene therapy. Nat. Med. 1:1995;277-278.
45. Lieber A.et al. Elimination of hepatitis C virus RNA in infected human hepatocytes by adenovirus-mediated expression of ribozymes. J. Virol. 70:1996;8782-8791.
46. Larrea E.et al. Tumor necrosis factor α gene expression and the response to interferon in chronic hepatitis C. Hepatology. 23:1996;210-217.
47. McCaughan G.W., Napoli J., McGuinness P., Bishop G.A. T1 vs. T2 cytokine responses in chronic HCV: implications for mechanisms of liver injury. Viral Hepatitis Rev. 3:1997;129-142.
48. Schlaak J.F.et al. Interleukin 12 enhances deficient HCV-antigen-induced Th1-Type immune response of peripheral blood mononuclear cells. J. Med. Virol. 56:1998;112-117.
49. O'Brien B.C., Henzel B.S., Moonka D.K. Dosing kinetics of single ascending doses of recombinant human interleukin 12 (rhIL-12) subcutaneously administered to adults with chronic hepatitis C infection previously treated with interferon-alpha. Hepatology. 28:1998;574A.
50. Lemmon S.M. Targeting the Achilles' heel of the hepatitis C virus. Hepatology. 25:1997;1035-1037.
51. Gale M., Katze M.G. Molecular mechanisms of interferon resistance mediated by viral-directed inhibition of PKR, the interferon-induced protein kinase. Pharmacol. Ther. 78:1998;29-46.