Properties of the ammonium form of Versatic 10 in a liquid-liquid extraction system

Hydrometallurgy

Volumn 51, Issue 1, 1999, Pages 47-71

  Jaaskelainen E ^a   Paatero, E ^a  

^a LAPPEENRANTA UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY   (Finland)

Author keywords

Ammonia; Liquid liquid extraction; Microemulsion; Phase inversion; Versatic 10

Indexed keywords

AMMONIA; AMMONIUM COMPOUNDS; CARBOXYLIC ACIDS; ELECTRIC CONDUCTIVITY OF LIQUIDS; ION EXCHANGERS; MICROEMULSIONS; PH EFFECTS; PHASE EQUILIBRIA; SALTS; SOLUBILITY; STOICHIOMETRY; VISCOSITY OF LIQUIDS;

LIQUID-LIQUID EXTRACTION; PHASE INVERSION;

HYDROMETALLURGY;

EID: 0032762376     PISSN: 0304386X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0304-386X(98)00071-1     Document Type: Article

References (37)

1. A.J. Van der Zeeuw, Metal extraction with carboxylic acids I. Composition of complexes with nickel, cobalt(II) and iron(III), Hydrometallurgy 4 (1979) 21-37.
2. K. Weissermel, H.-J. Arpe, Industrial Organic Chemistry, VCH, Weinheim, (1997) pp. 141-142.
3. Versatic 10, Technical Bulletin ICS(X) 81/6, Shell Chemicals, (1981).
4. Versatic acids in metal extraction processes, Technical Bulletin INT:77:M4, Shell Chemicals, London, (1977).
5. B. Gupta, D. Singh, S.N. Tandon, Extraction of metals by carboxylic acid - A review, J. Sci. Ind. Res 52 (1993) 808-835.
6. J.S. Preston, Solvent extraction of metals by carboxylic acids, Hydrometallurgy 14 (1985) 171-188.
7. T. Sekine, Y. Hasegawa, Solvent Extraction Chemistry - Fundamental s and Applications, Marcel Dekker, (1977) pp. 193-200.
8. G.M. Ritcey, Commercial processes for nickel and cobalt, in: T.C. Lo, M.H.I. Baird, C. Hanson (Eds), Handbook of Solvent Extraction, Wiley, (1983) pp. 673-687.
9. G.M. Ritcey, A.W. Ashbrook, Solvent Extraction - Principles and Applications to Process Metallurgy, Part II, Elsevier, (1979) pp. 281-307, 593-603.
10. A.R. Burkin (Ed.), Extractive Metallurgy of Nickel - Critical Reports of Applied Chemistry, Vol. 17, Wiley, (1987) pp. 140-144.
11. E. Paatero, J. Sjöblom, Phase behaviour in metal extraction systems, Hydrometallurgy 25 (1990) 231-256.
12. R.J. Hunter, Foundations of Colloid Science, Vol. 1, Oxford Univ. Press, (1991) pp. 17-21.
13. D.S. Flett, J. Melling, Extraction of ammonia by commercial copper cheating extradants, Hydrometallurgy 4 (1979) 135-146.
14. D.S. Flett, J. Melling, Extraction of ammonia by diketone extradants, Hydrometallurgy 5 (1980) 283.
15. K. Inoue, D. Nakayama, Y. Watanabe, Extraction equilibria of ammonia with acidic organophosphorus compounds, Hydrometallurgy 16 (1986) 41-53.
16. T. Sekine, H. Hishikura, S. Kusakabe, Liquid-liquid partition behaviour of ammonia and ammonium ion between hexane containing trioctylphosphine oxide and aqueous perchlorate solutions, Bunseki Kagaku 31 (1982) E157-E162.
17. McGraw-Hill Encyclopedia of Science and Technology, 7th edn., Vol. 1, McGraw-Hill, (1992) p. 486.
18. Handbook of Chemistry and Physics A Ready-reference Book of Chemical and Physical Data, 77th edn., 1995-1996, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, (1996) p. D-151.
19. N.M. Rice, M. Nedved, Dissociation constant of ammonium ions at high ionic strength, Chem. Ind., July 1977, pp. 539-540.
20. S.H. Lin, C.L. Wu, Ammonia removal from aqueous solution by ion exchange, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res 35 (1996) 553-558.
21. G.M. Ritcey, A.W. Ashbrook, Solvent Extraction - Principles and Applications to Process Metallurgy, Part I, Elsevier, (1984) p. 27.
22. L.M. Gindin, Extraction Processes and their Uses, Nauka, Moscow, (1984) p. 45, [in Russian].
23. E. Jaäskeläinen, E. Paatero, Extraction of nickel using saponified Versatic 10, in: D.C. Shallcross, R. Paimin, L.M. Prvcic (Eds), Value Adding Through Solvent Extraction, Vol. 1, The Univ. of Melbourne Press, (1996) pp. 421-426.
24. A.W. Adamson, Physical Chemistry of Surfaces, Wiley, (1976) pp. 505-507.
25. M.A. Taylor, L.H. Princen, Fatty acid in solution, in: E.H. Pryde (Ed.), Fatty Acids, The American Oil Chemist's Society, (1979) pp. 195-217.
26. J. Israelachvili, The science and applications of emulsions - an overview, Coll. Surf. A: Physicochem. Eng. Aspects 91 (1994) 1-8.
27. S.E. Friberg, Applications of amphiphilic association structures, Adv. Colloid Interface Sci. 32 (1990) 167-182.
28. P.C. Hiemenz, Principles of Colloid and Surface Chemistry, Marcel Dekker, (1986) pp. 435-455.
29. H.T. Davis, Factors determining emulsion type: hydrophile-lipophile balance and beyond, Coll. Surf. A: Physicochem. Eng. Aspects 91 (1994) 9-24.
30. VDI 2461, Messen der Ammoniak-Konzentration Indophenol-Verfahren, VDI-Komission Reinhaltungen der Luft, März, (1974).
31. L.F. William (Ed.), Solubilities of Inorganic and Metal-Organic Compounds, 4th edn., Vol. 1, American Chemical Society, (1958) p. 1136.
32. J.S. Preston, The influence of extradant structure on the solvent extraction of zinc(II) and cadmium(II) by carboxylic acid, Solvent Extr. Ion Exch. 12 (1) (1994) 1-27.
33. K. Inoue, H. Aano, Y. Yayama, I. Nakamori, Extraction equilibrium of copper by versatic acid, J. Chem. Eng. Japan 13 (1980) 281-285.
34. 1H NMR spectroscopic investigation of reversed micellization in metal/organophosphorous surfactant system, Coll. Surf. 30 (1988) 265-273.
35. R.D. Neuman, S.J. Park, N.F. Zhou, P. Shah, Interfacial phenomena in hydrometallurgical solvent extraction systems, in: D.H. Logsdail, M.J. Slater (Eds.), Solvent Extraction in the Process Industries, Vol. 3, Elsevier, (1993) pp. 1689-1696.
36. 2O-HCl liquid-liquid system: a reversed micellar phenomenological model, Coll. Surf. 50 (1990) 373-392.
37. M. Clausse, A. Zradba, J. Heil, J. Rouviere, K. Sohounhoue, Structural transition in water/sodium dodecylsulfate/1-heptanol/n-dodecane inverse microemulsion-type media, in: H. Rosano, M. Clausse (Eds), Microemulsion Systems, Dekker, (1987) pp. 63-82.