Linear Stratospheric Gravity Waves above Convective Thermal Forcing

Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences

Volumn 56, Issue 14, 1999, Pages 2434-2446

  Pandya, Rajul E ^a   Joan Alexander, M ^a,b  

^a NATIONAL CENTER FOR ATMOSPHERIC RESEARCH   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ATMOSPHERIC HUMIDITY; COMPUTER SIMULATION; SPECTRUM ANALYSIS; TROPOSPHERE; UPPER ATMOSPHERE;

CONVECTIVE THERMAL FORCING; LINEAR RESPONSE; LINEAR STRATOSPHERIC GRAVITY WAVES; TWO DIMENSIONAL SQUALL LINE SIMULATION;

GRAVITY WAVES;

CONVECTION; GRAVITY WAVE; SQUALL LINE;

CONVECTIVE SYSTEM; GRAVITY WAVE; LATENT HEAT FLUX; SQUALL LINE;

EID: 0032762047     PISSN: 00224928     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1175/1520-0469(1999)056<2434:LSGWAC>2.0.CO;2     Document Type: Article

References (29)

1. Alexander, M. J., J. R. Holton, and D. R. Durran, 1995: The gravity wave response above deep convection in a squall line simulation. J. Atmos. Sci., 52, 2212-2226.
2. Andrews, D. G., J. R. Holton, and C. B. Leovy, 1987: Middle Atmosphere Dynamics. Academic Press, 489 pp.
3. Bergman, J. W., and M. L. Salby, 1994: Equatorial wave activity derived from fluctuations in observed convection. J. Atmos. Sci., 51, 3791-3806.
4. Bretherton, C, 1988: Group velocity and the linear response of stratified fluids to internal heat or mass sources. J. Atmos. Sci., 45, 81-93.
5. Crook, N. A., 1988: Trapping of low-level internal gravity waves. J. Atmos. Sci., 45, 1533-1541.
6. Dewan, E. M., and Coauthors, 1998: MSX satellite observations of thunderstorm-generated gravity waves in mid-wave infrared images of the upper stratosphere. Geophys. Res. Lett., 25, 939942.
7. Durran, D. R., and J. B. Klemp, 1982: On the effects of moisture on the Brunt-Väisälä frequency. J. Atmos. Sci., 39, 2152-2158.
8. Edmon, H. J., Jr., B. J. Hoskins, and M. E. Mclntyre, 1980: Eliassen-Palm cross sections for the troposphere. J. Atmos. Sci., 37,2600-2616.
9. Fovell, R. G., and P. S. Dailey, 1995: The temporal behavior of numerically simulated multicell-type storms. Part I: Modes of behavior. J. Atmos. Sci., 52, 2073-2095.
10. _, D. R. Durran, and J. R. Holton, 1992: Numerical simulations of convectively generated stratospheric gravity waves. J. Atmos. Sci., 49, 1427-1442.
11. Gage, K. S., and B. B. Balsley, 1984: MST radar studies of wind and turbulence in the middle atmosphere. J. Atmos. Terr. Phys., 46, 739-753.
12. Garcia, R. R., and M. L. Salby, 1987: Transient response to localized episodic heating in the Tropics. Part II: Far-field behavior. J. Atmos. Sci., 44, 498-530.
13. Holton, J. R., 1973: On the frequency distribution of atmospheric Kelvin waves. J. Atmos. Sci., 30, 499-501.
14. _, 1992: An Introduction to Dynamic Meteorology. Academic Press, 507 pp.
15. Klemp, J. B., and D. R. Durran, 1983: An upper boundary condition permitting internal gravity wave radiation in numerical mesoscale models. Mon. Wea. Rev., Ill, 430-444.
16. Larsen, M. E, W. E. Swartz, and R. F. Woodman, 1982: Gravity-wave generation by thunder storms observed with a vertically-pointing 430 MHz radar. Geophys. Res. Lett., 9, 571-574.
17. Lilly, D. K., 1962: On the numerical simulation of buoyant convection. Tellus, 14, 148-172.
18. Lin, Y. L., and R. B. Smith, 1986: Transient dynamics of airflow near a local heat source. J. Atmos. Sci., 43, 40-49.
19. Manzini, E., and K. Hamilton, 1993: Middle atmosphere traveling waves forced by convective heating. J. Atmos. Sci., 50, 2180-2200.
20. Mapes, B. E., 1993: Gregarious tropical convection. J. Atmos. Sci., 50, 2026-2037.
21. Nicholls, M. E., R. A. Pielke Sr., and W. R. Cotton, 1991: Thermally forced gravity waves in an atmosphere at rest. J. Atmos. Sci., 48, 1869-1884.
22. Pandya, R. E., and D. R. Durran, 1996: The influence of convectively generated thermal forcing on the mesoscale circulation around squall lines. J. Atmos. Sci., 53, 2924-2951.
23. _, _, and C. Bretherton, 1993: Comments on "Thermally forced gravity waves in an atmosphere at rest." J. Atmos. Sci., 50, 4098-4101.
24. Percival, D. B., and A. T. Waiden, 1993: Spectral Analysis for Physical Applications: Multitaper and Conventional Univariate Techniques. University Press, 702 pp.
25. Salby, M. L., and R. R. Garcia, 1987: Transient response to localized episodic heating in the Tropics. Part I: Excitation and short-time near-field behavior. J. Atmos. Sci., 44, 458-498.
26. Sato, K., 1993: Small-scale wind disturbances observed by the MU radar during the passage of Typhoon Kelly. J. Atmos. Sci., 50, 518-537.
27. Simpson, J., C. Kummerow, W.-K. Tao, and R. F. Adler, 1996: On the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM). Meteor. Atmos. Phys., 60, 19-36.
28. Weisman, M. L., J. B. Klemp, and R. Rotunno, 1988: Structure and evolution of numerically simulated squall lines. J. Atmos. Sci., 45, 1990-2013.
29. Yang, M.-J., and R. A. Houze Jr., 1995: Multicell squall-line structure as a manifestation of vertically trapped gravity waves. Mon. Wea. Rev.. 123, 641-661.