Eland browsing of Grewia occidentalis in semi-arid shrubland the influence of bush clumps

Koedoe

Volumn 42, Issue 1, 1999, Pages 79-84

  Watson, L H ^a  

^a NELSON MANDELA METROPOLITAN UNIVERSITY   (South Africa)

Author keywords

Bush clumps; Eland; Grewia occidentalis; Herbivory; Karoo; Semi arid

Indexed keywords

HERBIVORY; SHRUB; SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION; UNGULATE;

EASTERN CAPE; MOUNTAIN ZEBRA NATIONAL PARK; SOUTH AFRICA;

ACACIA; ACACIA KARROO; DIOSPYROS; DIOSPYROS AUSTROAFRICANA; DIOSPYROS VIRGINIANA; GREWIA; GREWIA OCCIDENTALIS; HEDERA; LYCIUM; LYCIUM CINEREUM; ORYX; RHUS; RHUS LONGISPINA; RHUS PALLENS; TAUROTRAGUS; TAUROTRAGUS ORYX; TRAGELAPHUS ORYX; UNGULATA;

EID: 0032758869     PISSN: 00756458     EISSN: 20710771     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (21)

1. ACOCKS, J.P.H. 1988. Veld types of South Africa. Memoirs of the botanical Survey of South Africa 57: 1-146.
2. ALTMANN, J. 1974. Observational study of behaviour. Behaviour 49: 157-164.
3. BOND, W.J., W.D. STOCK & M.T. HUFFMAN. 1994. Has the karoo spread? A test tor desertification using carbon isotopes from soil. South African Journal of Science 90: 391-397.
4. COOPER, S.M. & N. OWEN-SMITH. 1986. Effects of plant spinescence on large mammalian herbivores. Oecologia 68: 446-455.
5. CRAWLEY, M.J. 1997a. Life history and environment. Pp. 73-131. In: CRAWLEY, M.J. (ed.). Plant ecology. Oxford: Blackwell.
6. CRAWLEY, M.J. 1997b. Plant-herbivore dynamics. Pp. 401-474. In: CRAWLEY, M.J. (ed.). Plant ecology. Oxford: Blackwell.
7. FROST, P.G.H. 1984. The responses and survival of organisms in fire-prone environments. Pp 273-310. In: BOOYSEN, P. DE V. & N.M. TAINTON (eds.). Ecological effects of fire in South African ecosystems. Berlin: SpringerVerlag.
8. HUFFMAN, M.T. & R.M. COWLING. 1990. Vegetation change in the semi-arid eastern Karoo over the last two hundred years: an expanding Karoo-fact or fiction? South African Journal of Science 86: 286-294.
9. HOFFMANN, R.R & D.R.M. STEWART. 1972. Grazer or browser: A classification based on stomach structure and feeding habits of East African mminants. Mammalia 36: 226-240.
10. MiLEWSKi, A.V., T.P. YOUNG & A. MADDEN. 1991. Thorns as induced defences: experimental evidence. Oecologia 86: 70-75.
11. MILTON, S.J. 1994. Small-scale reseeding trials in arid rangeland: Effects of rainfall, clearing and grazing on seedling survival. African Journal of Range and Forage Science 11: 54-58.
12. MILTON, S.J. & W.R.J. DEAN. 1990. Seed production in the rangelands of the southern Karoo. South African Journal of Science 86: 231-233.
13. MILTON, S.J. & W.R.J. DEAN. 1995. South Africa's arid and semi-arid rangelands: why are they changing and can they be restored? Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 37: 245-264.
14. MILTON, S.J. & M.T. HOFFMAN. 1994. The application of state-and-transition models to rangeland research and management in arid succulent and semi-arid grassy Karoo, South Africa. Journal of the Grassland Society of Southern Africa 11: 18-26.
15. NOVELLIE, P.A. 1989. Management plan for the Mountain Zebra National Park. Internal report. National Parks Board of the Republic of South Africa, Pretoria.
16. OWEN-SMITH, N. & S.M. COOPER. 1987. Assessing food preferences of ungulates by acceptability indices. Journal of Wildlife Management 51: 372-378.
17. Roux, P.W. & O.K. THERON. 1987. Vegetation change in the karoo biome. Pp 50-69. In: COWLING, R.M. & P.W. Roux (eds.). The karoo biome: a preliminary synthesis. Part 2-vegetation and history. Pretoria: Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, National Scientific Programmes Unit. (South African National Scientific Programmes report; no. 142.)
18. VAN DER WALT, P.T. 1980. A phytosociological reconnaissance of the Mountain Zebra National Park. Koedoe 23: 1-32.
19. WALKER, B.H. 1976. An approach to the monitoring of changes in the composition and utilization of woodland and savanna vegetation. South African Journal of Wildlife Research 6: 1-32.
20. WATSON, L.H. 1997. The feeding ecology of eland in Mountain Zebra National Park. PhD thesis, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg.
21. ZAR, J.H. 1984. Biostatistical analysis. New Jersey: Prentice Hall.