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2
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0004098926
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Cambridge, Cambridge University Press
-
This area stretches' from north-east of modern Vryburg over Kuruman to west of Olifantshoek in present-day South Africa's Northern Cape and North-West Provinces. Definitions of environmental zones are inexact. Most of the area discussed in this history is not considered Kalahari proper. See D. Thomas and P. Shaw, The Kalahari Environment (Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1991), pp. 1-4. The term 'Kalahari Thornveld' is from Acocks. J.P.H. Acocks, Veld Types of Southern Africa (Pretoria, Botanical Research Institute, 1988), pp. 44-49.
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(1991)
The Kalahari Environment
, pp. 1-4
-
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Thomas, D.1
Shaw, P.2
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3
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0004016774
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-
Pretoria, Botanical Research Institute
-
This area stretches' from north-east of modern Vryburg over Kuruman to west of Olifantshoek in present-day South Africa's Northern Cape and North-West Provinces. Definitions of environmental zones are inexact. Most of the area discussed in this history is not considered Kalahari proper. See D. Thomas and P. Shaw, The Kalahari Environment (Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1991), pp. 1-4. The term 'Kalahari Thornveld' is from Acocks. J.P.H. Acocks, Veld Types of Southern Africa (Pretoria, Botanical Research Institute, 1988), pp. 44-49.
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(1988)
Veld Types of Southern Africa
, pp. 44-49
-
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Acocks, J.P.H.1
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4
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9744223200
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note
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Because of its greater size and better documentation, this essay makes more frequent reference to the Tlhaping than the Tlharo chiefdom.
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6
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84992726419
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Boserup points out that in Europe people understood the techniques of intensification and delayed using them because of the extra labour involved. Boserup, The Conditions, p. 38.
-
The Conditions
, pp. 38
-
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Boserup1
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7
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0004104369
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Cape Town, David Philip
-
The relationship between foraging, stock keeping and cultivation varied throughout southern Africa. In some forested areas of southern Africa, cultivation preceded stock keeping, and the creation of tseise-free areas through shifting cultivation allowed people to keep animals. M. Hall, The Changing Past: Farmers, Kings and Traders in Southern Africa, 200-1800 (Cape Town, David Philip, 1987), p. 43.
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(1987)
The Changing Past: Farmers, Kings and Traders in Southern Africa, 200-1800
, pp. 43
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Hall, M.1
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8
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0029515759
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New Linguistic Evidence and "The Bantu Expansion"
-
J. Vansina, 'New Linguistic Evidence and "The Bantu Expansion"', Journal of African History, 36, 2 (1995), pp. 173-195.
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(1995)
Journal of African History
, vol.36
, Issue.2
, pp. 173-195
-
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Vansina, J.1
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10
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53249139012
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-
Goodwin Series, 1 South African Archaeological Society
-
Regarding archeological research into agro-pastoralist sites near Kuruman, see T. Maggs, Bilabial Dwellings: a Persistent Feature of Southern Tswana Settlements, Goodwin Series, 1 (South African Archaeological Society, 1972), pp. 54-64; A.J.B. Humphreys, 'Note on the Southern Limits of Iron Age Settlement in the Northern Cape', South African Archaeological Bulletin, 31, 121-122 (1976). pp. 54-57; A.I. Thackeray, J.F. Thackeray and P. Beaumont, 'Excavations at the Blinkklipkop Specularite Mine Near Postmasburg, Northern Cape', South African Archaeological Bulletin, 38, 137 (1983), pp. 17-24.
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(1972)
Bilabial Dwellings: A Persistent Feature of Southern Tswana Settlements
, pp. 54-64
-
-
Maggs, T.1
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11
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9744264519
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Note on the Southern Limits of Iron Age Settlement in the Northern Cape
-
Regarding archeological research into agro-pastoralist sites near Kuruman, see T. Maggs, Bilabial Dwellings: a Persistent Feature of Southern Tswana Settlements, Goodwin Series, 1 (South African Archaeological Society, 1972), pp. 54-64; A.J.B. Humphreys, 'Note on the Southern Limits of Iron Age Settlement in the Northern Cape', South African Archaeological Bulletin, 31, 121-122 (1976). pp. 54-57; A.I. Thackeray, J.F. Thackeray and P. Beaumont, 'Excavations at the Blinkklipkop Specularite Mine Near Postmasburg, Northern Cape', South African Archaeological Bulletin, 38, 137 (1983), pp. 17-24.
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(1976)
South African Archaeological Bulletin
, vol.31
, Issue.121-122
, pp. 54-57
-
-
Humphreys, A.J.B.1
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12
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0041397073
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Excavations at the Blinkklipkop Specularite Mine Near Postmasburg, Northern Cape
-
Regarding archeological research into agro-pastoralist sites near Kuruman, see T. Maggs, Bilabial Dwellings: a Persistent Feature of Southern Tswana Settlements, Goodwin Series, 1 (South African Archaeological Society, 1972), pp. 54-64; A.J.B. Humphreys, 'Note on the Southern Limits of Iron Age Settlement in the Northern Cape', South African Archaeological Bulletin, 31, 121-122 (1976). pp. 54-57; A.I. Thackeray, J.F. Thackeray and P. Beaumont, 'Excavations at the Blinkklipkop Specularite Mine Near Postmasburg, Northern Cape', South African Archaeological Bulletin, 38, 137 (1983), pp. 17-24.
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(1983)
South African Archaeological Bulletin
, vol.38
, Issue.137
, pp. 17-24
-
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Thackeray, A.I.1
Thackeray, J.F.2
Beaumont, P.3
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13
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0011574789
-
-
London, Caxton
-
D.F. Ellenberger and J.C. MacGregor, History of the Basotho Ancient and Modern (London, Caxton, 1912), pp. 52-53. J.T. Brown, Among the Bantu Nomads (London, Sceley, Service), pp. 204-205. There are kraal ruins at old Dithakong, which were built before settlement by the Tlhaping. D. Morris, 'Dithakong: "The Place of Ruins", Guide to Archaeological Sites in the Northern Cape (Kimberley, MacGregor Museum, 1990), pp. 148-154.
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(1912)
History of the Basotho Ancient and Modern
, pp. 52-53
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Ellenberger, D.F.1
MacGregor, J.C.2
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14
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0007892888
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London, Sceley, Service
-
D.F. Ellenberger and J.C. MacGregor, History of the Basotho Ancient and Modern (London, Caxton, 1912), pp. 52-53. J.T. Brown, Among the Bantu Nomads (London, Sceley, Service), pp. 204-205. There are kraal ruins at old Dithakong, which were built before settlement by the Tlhaping. D. Morris, 'Dithakong: "The Place of Ruins", Guide to Archaeological Sites in the Northern Cape (Kimberley, MacGregor Museum, 1990), pp. 148-154.
-
Among the Bantu Nomads
, pp. 204-205
-
-
Brown, J.T.1
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15
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84866797716
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Dithakong: "The Place of Ruins"
-
Kimberley, MacGregor Museum
-
D.F. Ellenberger and J.C. MacGregor, History of the Basotho Ancient and Modern (London, Caxton, 1912), pp. 52-53. J.T. Brown, Among the Bantu Nomads (London, Sceley, Service), pp. 204-205. There are kraal ruins at old Dithakong, which were built before settlement by the Tlhaping. D. Morris, 'Dithakong: "The Place of Ruins", Guide to Archaeological Sites in the Northern Cape (Kimberley, MacGregor Museum, 1990), pp. 148-154.
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(1990)
Guide to Archaeological Sites in the Northern Cape
, pp. 148-154
-
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Morris, D.1
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16
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0025942203
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A Review of Recent Archaeological Research on Food-producing communities in Southern Africa
-
T. Maggs and G. Whitelaw, 'A Review of Recent Archaeological Research on Food-producing communities in Southern Africa', Journal of African History, 32,1 (1991), p. 5. This fluidity is a strong theme in archaeological findings throughout the region. See also J. Denbow, 'Patterns and Processes: a New Look at the Later Pre-history of the Kalahari', Journal of African History, 27, 1 (1986), pp. 3-28. J. Parkington and M. Hall, 'Patterning in Recent Radiocarbon Dates from Southern Africa as a Reflection of Prehistoric Settlement and Interaction', Journal of African History; 28, 1 (1987), pp. 1-25.
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(1991)
Journal of African History
, vol.32
, Issue.1
, pp. 5
-
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Maggs, T.1
Whitelaw, G.2
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17
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84935855036
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Patterns and Processes: A New Look at the Later Pre-history of the Kalahari
-
T. Maggs and G. Whitelaw, 'A Review of Recent Archaeological Research on Food-producing communities in Southern Africa', Journal of African History, 32,1 (1991), p. 5. This fluidity is a strong theme in archaeological findings throughout the region. See also J. Denbow, 'Patterns and Processes: a New Look at the Later Pre-history of the Kalahari', Journal of African History, 27, 1 (1986), pp. 3-28. J. Parkington and M. Hall, 'Patterning in Recent Radiocarbon Dates from Southern Africa as a Reflection of Prehistoric Settlement and Interaction', Journal of African History; 28, 1 (1987), pp. 1-25.
-
(1986)
Journal of African History
, vol.27
, Issue.1
, pp. 3-28
-
-
Denbow, J.1
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18
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84974378808
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Patterning in Recent Radiocarbon Dates from Southern Africa as a Reflection of Prehistoric Settlement and Interaction
-
T. Maggs and G. Whitelaw, 'A Review of Recent Archaeological Research on Food-producing communities in Southern Africa', Journal of African History, 32,1 (1991), p. 5. This fluidity is a strong theme in archaeological findings throughout the region. See also J. Denbow, 'Patterns and Processes: a New Look at the Later Pre-history of the Kalahari', Journal of African History, 27, 1 (1986), pp. 3-28. J. Parkington and M. Hall, 'Patterning in Recent Radiocarbon Dates from Southern Africa as a Reflection of Prehistoric Settlement and Interaction', Journal of African History; 28, 1 (1987), pp. 1-25.
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(1987)
Journal of African History
, vol.28
, Issue.1
, pp. 1-25
-
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Parkington, J.1
Hall, M.2
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19
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0040224770
-
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Johannesburg, University of the Witwatersrand
-
A. Morris, Skeletons of Contact (Johannesburg, University of the Witwatersrand, 1991).
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(1991)
Skeletons of Contact
-
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Morris, A.1
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20
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9744277855
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Early Knowledge of the Sotho: Seventeenth and Eighteenth Century Accounts of the Tswana
-
C. Saunders, 'Early Knowledge of the Sotho: Seventeenth and Eighteenth Century Accounts of the Tswana', Quarterly Bulletin of the South African Library, 20, 3 (1966), pp. 60-70.
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(1966)
Quarterly Bulletin of the South African Library
, vol.20
, Issue.3
, pp. 60-70
-
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Saunders, C.1
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22
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9744247941
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-
A. W. van der Horst, trans., E. E. Mossop (ed), Cape Town, Van Riebeeck Society
-
H.J. Wikar, in A. W. van der Horst, trans., E. E. Mossop (ed), The Journal of Hendrick Jacob Wikar (1779) (Cape Town, Van Riebeeck Society, 1935), pp. 141-167.
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(1935)
The Journal of Hendrick Jacob Wikar (1779)
, pp. 141-167
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Wikar, H.J.1
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23
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9744245631
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P.E. Raper and M. Boucher (eds), Bremhurst. Houghton
-
R.J. Gordon, in P.E. Raper and M. Boucher (eds), Cape Travels 1777 to 1786, vol. 2 (Bremhurst. Houghton, 1988) pp. 300-354.
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(1988)
Cape Travels 1777 to 1786
, vol.2
, pp. 300-354
-
-
Gordon, R.J.1
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24
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9744258407
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The Brikwa and the Ethnic Origins of the Batlhapina
-
October
-
L.F. Maingard, 'The Brikwa and the Ethnic Origins of the Batlhapina', South African Journal of Science, 30 (October 1933). pp. 597-602.
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(1933)
South African Journal of Science
, vol.30
, pp. 597-602
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Maingard, L.F.1
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25
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9744274856
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The Bloemhof Blue Book
-
Cape Town, Saul Solomon
-
'Nokaneng' means 'at the river' and was a common name. For statements by Tlhaping and Koranna about their early connections, including the settlement at Nokaneng in the Langeberg, see testimony in 'The Bloemhof Blue Book', Evidence Taken at Bloemhof Before the Commission Appointed Io Investigate the Claims of the South African Republic, Captain N. Waterboer, Chief of West Griqualand, and Certain other Native Chiefs to Portions of the Territory on the Vaal River now Known as the Diamondfiehls (Cape Town, Saul Solomon, 1871 ), pp. 187, 281,289,292.
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(1871)
Evidence Taken at Bloemhof before the Commission Appointed Io Investigate the Claims of the South African Republic, Captain N. Waterboer, Chief of West Griqualand, and Certain Other Native Chiefs to Portions of the Territory on the Vaal River Now Known as the Diamondfiehls
, pp. 187
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27
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9744259884
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London, Cadell and Davies, 1806; reprint edn, Kuala Lumpur, Oxford University Press
-
J. Barrow, A Voyage to Cochinchina (London, Cadell and Davies, 1806; reprint edn, Kuala Lumpur, Oxford University Press, 1975), p. 387. This is from 'An Account of a Journey to the Booshuanas', by P.J. Truter, Barrow's father-in-law, which Barrow edited for a book on his own travels in Asia. P. Borcherds, An AutoBiographical Memoir (Cape Town, A.A. Roberts, 1861 ; reprint edn, Cape Town, Africana Connoisseurs, 1963),p. 123. W. Somerville, in F. Bradlowand E. Bradlow(eds), William Somerville's Narrative of his Journeys to the Eastern Cape Frontier and to Lattakoe 1799-1802 (Cape Town, Van Riebeeck Society, 1979), p. 123.
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(1975)
A Voyage to Cochinchina
, pp. 387
-
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Barrow, J.1
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28
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0040080590
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Cape Town, A.A. Roberts, 1861 ; reprint edn, Cape Town, Africana Connoisseurs
-
J. Barrow, A Voyage to Cochinchina (London, Cadell and Davies, 1806; reprint edn, Kuala Lumpur, Oxford University Press, 1975), p. 387. This is from 'An Account of a Journey to the Booshuanas', by P.J. Truter, Barrow's father-in-law, which Barrow edited for a book on his own travels in Asia. P. Borcherds, An AutoBiographical Memoir (Cape Town, A.A. Roberts, 1861 ; reprint edn, Cape Town, Africana Connoisseurs, 1963),p. 123. W. Somerville, in F. Bradlowand E. Bradlow(eds), William Somerville's Narrative of his Journeys to the Eastern Cape Frontier and to Lattakoe 1799-1802 (Cape Town, Van Riebeeck Society, 1979), p. 123.
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(1963)
An AutoBiographical Memoir
, pp. 123
-
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Borcherds, P.1
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29
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9744226013
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F. Bradlowand E. Bradlow(eds), Cape Town, Van Riebeeck Society
-
J. Barrow, A Voyage to Cochinchina (London, Cadell and Davies, 1806; reprint edn, Kuala Lumpur, Oxford University Press, 1975), p. 387. This is from 'An Account of a Journey to the Booshuanas', by P.J. Truter, Barrow's father-in-law, which Barrow edited for a book on his own travels in Asia. P. Borcherds, An AutoBiographical Memoir (Cape Town, A.A. Roberts, 1861 ; reprint edn, Cape Town, Africana Connoisseurs, 1963),p. 123. W. Somerville, in F. Bradlowand E. Bradlow(eds), William Somerville's Narrative of his Journeys to the Eastern Cape Frontier and to Lattakoe 1799-1802 (Cape Town, Van Riebeeck Society, 1979), p. 123.
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(1979)
William Somerville's Narrative of His Journeys to the Eastern Cape Frontier and to Lattakoe 1799-1802
, pp. 123
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Somerville, W.1
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30
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9744220729
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Barrow differentiated between the 'Booshuanas' at Dithakong and the 'Baaroloos' (Barolong) further north, A Voyage, pp. 403-404.
-
A Voyage
, pp. 403-404
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32
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7644236241
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See note 150 below for further reference to Kok
-
Lichtenstein, About the Bechuanas, p. 66. See note 150 below for further reference to Kok.
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About the Bechuanas
, pp. 66
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Lichtenstein1
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33
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9744267802
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P.R. Kirby (ed), Cape Town, Van Riebeeck Society
-
A. Smith, in P.R. Kirby (ed), The Diary of Dr. Andrew Smith. Director of the 'Expedition for Exploring Central Africa. 1834-36', vol. I (Cape Town, Van Riebeeck Society, 1939), p. 359.
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(1939)
The Diary of Dr. Andrew Smith. Director of the 'Expedition for Exploring Central Africa. 1834-36'
, vol.1
, pp. 359
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Smith, A.1
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34
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9744243068
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London, Robert MacLehose, 1822-1824; reprint edn, London, Butterworth
-
W. Burchell, Travels in the Interior of South Africa, vol. 2 (London, Robert MacLehose, 1822-1824; reprint edn, London, Butterworth, 1953), p. 545.
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(1953)
Travels in the Interior of South Africa
, vol.2
, pp. 545
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Burchell, W.1
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35
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0004189912
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London, Black, Perry, 1815; reprint edn, Cape Town, C. Struik
-
Campbell, Travels in South Africa Undertaken at the Request of the Missionary Society (London, Black, Perry, 1815; reprint edn, Cape Town, C. Struik, 1974), pp. 206-207. A differing genealogy often cited in the Tlhaping tradition is J. Mackenzie, Austral Africa: Ruling It or Losing It, vol. 1 (London, Sampson, Low, Martin, Searle and Rivington, 1887), p. 43.
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(1974)
Travels in South Africa Undertaken at the Request of the Missionary Society
, pp. 206-207
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-
Campbell1
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36
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9744229039
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London, Sampson, Low, Martin, Searle and Rivington
-
Campbell, Travels in South Africa Undertaken at the Request of the Missionary Society (London, Black, Perry, 1815; reprint edn, Cape Town, C. Struik, 1974), pp. 206-207. A differing genealogy often cited in the Tlhaping tradition is J. Mackenzie, Austral Africa: Ruling It or Losing It, vol. 1 (London, Sampson, Low, Martin, Searle and Rivington, 1887), p. 43.
-
(1887)
Austral Africa: Ruling It or Losing It
, vol.1
, pp. 43
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Mackenzie, J.1
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37
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0003562825
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London, Swan Sonnenschein, 1902; reprint edn, Cape Town. C. Struik
-
G. Stow, The Native Races of South Africa (London, Swan Sonnenschein, 1902; reprint edn, Cape Town. C. Struik, 1964), pp. 432-459; G. Theal, The Yellow and Dark-Skinned People of Africa South of the Zambezi (London, Swan Sonnenschein, 1910; reprint edn, New York, Negro Universities, 1969), pp. 152-153; S. Molema, The Bantu Past and Present (Edinburgh W. Green and Son, 1920), pp. 38-40.
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(1964)
The Native Races of South Africa
, pp. 432-459
-
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Stow, G.1
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38
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9744230980
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London, Swan Sonnenschein, 1910; reprint edn, New York, Negro Universities
-
G. Stow, The Native Races of South Africa (London, Swan Sonnenschein, 1902; reprint edn, Cape Town. C. Struik, 1964), pp. 432-459; G. Theal, The Yellow and Dark-Skinned People of Africa South of the Zambezi (London, Swan Sonnenschein, 1910; reprint edn, New York, Negro Universities, 1969), pp. 152-153; S. Molema, The Bantu Past and Present (Edinburgh W. Green and Son, 1920), pp. 38-40.
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(1969)
The Yellow and Dark-Skinned People of Africa South of the Zambezi
, pp. 152-153
-
-
Theal, G.1
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39
-
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0039314163
-
-
Edinburgh W. Green and Son
-
G. Stow, The Native Races of South Africa (London, Swan Sonnenschein, 1902; reprint edn, Cape Town. C. Struik, 1964), pp. 432-459; G. Theal, The Yellow and Dark-Skinned People of Africa South of the Zambezi (London, Swan Sonnenschein, 1910; reprint edn, New York, Negro Universities, 1969), pp. 152-153; S. Molema, The Bantu Past and Present (Edinburgh W. Green and Son, 1920), pp. 38-40.
-
(1920)
The Bantu Past and Present
, pp. 38-40
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Molema, S.1
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40
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9744235457
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Brown, Among the Bantu, pp. 205-208. Brown had long experience among the Tlhaping, but he does not record where he heard this story.
-
Among the Bantu
, pp. 205-208
-
-
Brown1
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41
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84922948410
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Herkoms and Geskiedcnis van die Tlhaping
-
Language constructed and dated genealogies for Tlhaping chiefs. F.J. Language, 'Herkoms and Geskiedcnis van die Tlhaping', African Studies, 1 (1942), p. 117.
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(1942)
African Studies
, vol.1
, pp. 117
-
-
Language, F.J.1
-
42
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7644227497
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-
Republic of South Africa, Department of Bantu Administration and Development Ethnological Publications, no. 49 Pretoria, Government Printer
-
P.L. Breutz, The Tribes of the Kuruman and Postmasburg District, Republic of South Africa, Department of Bantu Administration and Development Ethnological Publications, no. 49 (Pretoria, Government Printer, 1963), pp. 38, 154.
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(1963)
The Tribes of the Kuruman and Postmasburg District
, pp. 38
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Breutz, P.L.1
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43
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0142191123
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PhD dissertation, UCLA
-
M. Legassick, 'The Griqua, the Sotho-Tswana and the Missionaries, 1700-1840: the Polities of a Frontier Zone', PhD dissertation, UCLA, 1969. pp. 60-71. He does not address the Briqua tradition, but it fits into his explanation for multi-centred origins.
-
(1969)
The Griqua, the Sotho-Tswana and the Missionaries, 1700-1840: The Polities of a Frontier Zone
, pp. 60-71
-
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Legassick, M.1
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45
-
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9744277849
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I. Schapera (ed). London, Chatto and Windus, note 36 by editor
-
On the Thamaga, see R. Moffat, in I. Schapera (ed). Apprenticeship at Kuruman: Journals and tetters of Robert and Mary Moffat, 1820-1828 (London, Chatto and Windus, 1951 ) note 36 by editor, p. 102; Campbell, Travels, p. 214, Campbell, Travels in South Africa Undertaken at the Request of The London Missionary Society; Being a Narrative of a Second Journey into the Interior of That Country, vol. 2 (London, London Missionary Society, 1822; reprint edn, New York, Johnson Reprints, 1967), pp. 6-8; S. Kay, Travels and Researches in Caffraria (New York, B. Waugh and T. Mason, 1834), p. 190.
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(1951)
Apprenticeship at Kuruman: Journals and Tetters of Robert and Mary Moffat, 1820-1828
, pp. 102
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Moffat, R.1
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46
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84927084074
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On the Thamaga, see R. Moffat, in I. Schapera (ed). Apprenticeship at Kuruman: Journals and tetters of Robert and Mary Moffat, 1820-1828 (London, Chatto and Windus, 1951 ) note 36 by editor, p. 102; Campbell, Travels, p. 214, Campbell, Travels in South Africa Undertaken at the Request of The London Missionary Society; Being a Narrative of a Second Journey into the Interior of That Country, vol. 2 (London, London Missionary Society, 1822; reprint edn, New York, Johnson Reprints, 1967), pp. 6-8; S. Kay, Travels and Researches in Caffraria (New York, B. Waugh and T. Mason, 1834), p. 190.
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Travels
, pp. 214
-
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Campbell1
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47
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9744260611
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London, London Missionary Society, 1822; reprint edn, New York, Johnson Reprints
-
On the Thamaga, see R. Moffat, in I. Schapera (ed). Apprenticeship at Kuruman: Journals and tetters of Robert and Mary Moffat, 1820-1828 (London, Chatto and Windus, 1951 ) note 36 by editor, p. 102; Campbell, Travels, p. 214, Campbell, Travels in South Africa Undertaken at the Request of The London Missionary Society; Being a Narrative of a Second Journey into the Interior of That Country, vol. 2 (London, London Missionary Society, 1822; reprint edn, New York, Johnson Reprints, 1967), pp. 6-8; S. Kay, Travels and Researches in Caffraria (New York, B. Waugh and T. Mason, 1834), p. 190.
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(1967)
Travels in South Africa Undertaken at the Request of the London Missionary Society; Being a Narrative of a Second Journey into the Interior of That Country
, vol.2
, pp. 6-8
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-
Campbell1
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48
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55449121086
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New York, B. Waugh and T. Mason
-
On the Thamaga, see R. Moffat, in I. Schapera (ed). Apprenticeship at Kuruman: Journals and tetters of Robert and Mary Moffat, 1820-1828 (London, Chatto and Windus, 1951 ) note 36 by editor, p. 102; Campbell, Travels, p. 214, Campbell, Travels in South Africa Undertaken at the Request of The London Missionary Society; Being a Narrative of a Second Journey into the Interior of That Country, vol. 2 (London, London Missionary Society, 1822; reprint edn, New York, Johnson Reprints, 1967), pp. 6-8; S. Kay, Travels and Researches in Caffraria (New York, B. Waugh and T. Mason, 1834), p. 190.
-
(1834)
Travels and Researches in Caffraria
, pp. 190
-
-
Kay, S.1
-
49
-
-
9744226020
-
-
The Tlharo tradition is not as well developed, so no similar treatment is possible. They hold that they are an offshoot of the Hurutsche. Their more proper name is 'Batho baga Motlhware', or 'people of the wild olive', for the original group took shelter under a tree. See Campbell, Second Journey, 2, pp. 107-108; Brown, Among the Bantu Nomads, pp. 223-225; Breulz, The Tribes, pp. 38, 92. Despite this tradition, they also lived in communities with Korana. Campbell, Second Journey, 2, pp. 73 -130, esp. p. 376. Korana presence is also evident in a map by Lichtenstein, About the Bechuanas, p. 83. It refers to them as 'Matsamqua'. 'Ma' is an incorrect prefix for a plural form in the Tswana language and 'qua' is a Khoisan suffix for group names.
-
Second Journey
, vol.2
, pp. 107-108
-
-
Campbell1
-
50
-
-
0007892888
-
-
The Tlharo tradition is not as well developed, so no similar treatment is possible. They hold that they are an offshoot of the Hurutsche. Their more proper name is 'Batho baga Motlhware', or 'people of the wild olive', for the original group took shelter under a tree. See Campbell, Second Journey, 2, pp. 107-108; Brown, Among the Bantu Nomads, pp. 223-225; Breulz, The Tribes, pp. 38, 92. Despite this tradition, they also lived in communities with Korana. Campbell, Second Journey, 2, pp. 73 -130, esp. p. 376. Korana presence is also evident in a map by Lichtenstein, About the Bechuanas, p. 83. It refers to them as 'Matsamqua'. 'Ma' is an incorrect prefix for a plural form in the Tswana language and 'qua' is a Khoisan suffix for group names.
-
Among the Bantu Nomads
, pp. 223-225
-
-
Brown1
-
51
-
-
84927002073
-
-
The Tlharo tradition is not as well developed, so no similar treatment is possible. They hold that they are an offshoot of the Hurutsche. Their more proper name is 'Batho baga Motlhware', or 'people of the wild olive', for the original group took shelter under a tree. See Campbell, Second Journey, 2, pp. 107-108; Brown, Among the Bantu Nomads, pp. 223-225; Breulz, The Tribes, pp. 38, 92. Despite this tradition, they also lived in communities with Korana. Campbell, Second Journey, 2, pp. 73 -130, esp. p. 376. Korana presence is also evident in a map by Lichtenstein, About the Bechuanas, p. 83. It refers to them as 'Matsamqua'. 'Ma' is an incorrect prefix for a plural form in the Tswana language and 'qua' is a Khoisan suffix for group names.
-
The Tribes
, pp. 38
-
-
Breulz1
-
52
-
-
9744252630
-
-
The Tlharo tradition is not as well developed, so no similar treatment is possible. They hold that they are an offshoot of the Hurutsche. Their more proper name is 'Batho baga Motlhware', or 'people of the wild olive', for the original group took shelter under a tree. See Campbell, Second Journey, 2, pp. 107-108; Brown, Among the Bantu Nomads, pp. 223-225; Breulz, The Tribes, pp. 38, 92. Despite this tradition, they also lived in communities with Korana. Campbell, Second Journey, 2, pp. 73 -130, esp. p. 376. Korana presence is also evident in a map by Lichtenstein, About the Bechuanas, p. 83. It refers to them as 'Matsamqua'. 'Ma' is an incorrect prefix for a plural form in the Tswana language and 'qua' is a Khoisan suffix for group names.
-
Second Journey
, vol.2
, pp. 73-130
-
-
Campbell1
-
53
-
-
7644236241
-
-
The Tlharo tradition is not as well developed, so no similar treatment is possible. They hold that they are an offshoot of the Hurutsche. Their more proper name is 'Batho baga Motlhware', or 'people of the wild olive', for the original group took shelter under a tree. See Campbell, Second Journey, 2, pp. 107-108; Brown, Among the Bantu Nomads, pp. 223-225; Breulz, The Tribes, pp. 38, 92. Despite this tradition, they also lived in communities with Korana. Campbell, Second Journey, 2, pp. 73 -130, esp. p. 376. Korana presence is also evident in a map by Lichtenstein, About the Bechuanas, p. 83. It refers to them as 'Matsamqua'. 'Ma' is an incorrect prefix for a plural form in the Tswana language and 'qua' is a Khoisan suffix for group names.
-
About the Bechuanas
, pp. 83
-
-
Lichtenstein1
-
54
-
-
9744280792
-
-
A. Pumptre (trans) London, Henry Colburn, 1812; reprint edn, Cape Town, Van Riebeeck Society
-
H. Lichtenstein, in A. Pumptre (trans) Travels in Southern Africa in the Years 1803, 1804,1805, and 1806, vol. 2 (London, Henry Colburn, 1812; reprint edn, Cape Town, Van Riebeeck Society, 1930), p. 371.
-
(1930)
Travels in Southern Africa in the Years 1803, 1804,1805, and 1806
, vol.2
, pp. 371
-
-
Lichtenstein, H.1
-
57
-
-
9744267804
-
-
Legassick, 'The Griqua, the Sotho', p. 48, described it as a period of amalgamation. N. Parsons wrote of Tswana wars between 1770 and 1820 in A New History of Southern Africa (London, Macmillan, 1982), pp. 48-50.
-
The Griqua, the Sotho
, pp. 48
-
-
Legassick1
-
58
-
-
0041520858
-
-
wrote of Tswana wars between 1770 and 1820 London, Macmillan
-
Legassick, 'The Griqua, the Sotho', p. 48, described it as a period of amalgamation. N. Parsons wrote of Tswana wars between 1770 and 1820 in A New History of Southern Africa (London, Macmillan, 1982), pp. 48-50.
-
(1982)
A New History of Southern Africa
, pp. 48-50
-
-
Parsons, N.1
-
59
-
-
9744287293
-
Prelude to Difiqane in the Interior of Southern Africa c. 1600-c. 1822
-
C. Hamilton (ed), Johannesburg, Witwatersrand University Press
-
N. Parsons, in 'Prelude to Difiqane in the Interior of Southern Africa c. 1600-c. 1822', in C. Hamilton (ed), The Mfecane Aftermath: Reconstructive Debates in Southern African History (Johannesburg, Witwatersrand University Press, 1995), pp. 323-349; A. Manson, 'Conflict in the Western Highveld/Southern Kalahari C1750-1820', in Hamilton (ed), The Mfecane Aflennath, pp. 351-361.
-
(1995)
The Mfecane Aftermath: Reconstructive Debates in Southern African History
, pp. 323-349
-
-
Parsons, N.1
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60
-
-
84897495881
-
Conflict in the Western Highveld/Southern Kalahari C1750-1820
-
Hamilton (ed)
-
N. Parsons, in 'Prelude to Difiqane in the Interior of Southern Africa c. 1600-c. 1822', in C. Hamilton (ed), The Mfecane Aftermath: Reconstructive Debates in Southern African History (Johannesburg, Witwatersrand University Press, 1995), pp. 323-349; A. Manson, 'Conflict in the Western Highveld/Southern Kalahari C1750-1820', in Hamilton (ed), The Mfecane Aflennath, pp. 351-361.
-
The Mfecane Aflennath
, pp. 351-361
-
-
Manson, A.1
-
61
-
-
0040080590
-
-
See Borcherds, An AutoBiographical Memoir, p. 114 and Burchell, Travels in the Interior, 2, p. 378, for reports of theft by 'bushmen' near Tlhaping territory.
-
An AutoBiographical Memoir
, pp. 114
-
-
Borcherds1
-
62
-
-
9744229052
-
-
See Borcherds, An AutoBiographical Memoir, p. 114 and Burchell, Travels in the Interior, 2, p. 378, for reports of theft by 'bushmen' near Tlhaping territory.
-
Travels in the Interior
, vol.2
, pp. 378
-
-
Burchell1
-
65
-
-
9744262062
-
A Short History of the Bangwaketse
-
I. Schapera, 'A Short History of the Bangwaketse', African Studies, 1 (1947), p. 3; E. Wilmsen, A Land Filled With Flies: a Political Economy of the Kalahari (Chicago, University of Chicago Press, 1989), pp. 84-85.
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(1947)
African Studies
, vol.1
, pp. 3
-
-
Schapera, I.1
-
66
-
-
0003726474
-
-
Chicago, University of Chicago Press
-
I. Schapera, 'A Short History of the Bangwaketse', African Studies, 1 (1947), p. 3; E. Wilmsen, A Land Filled With Flies: a Political Economy of the Kalahari (Chicago, University of Chicago Press, 1989), pp. 84-85.
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(1989)
A Land Filled with Flies: A Political Economy of the Kalahari
, pp. 84-85
-
-
Wilmsen, E.1
-
69
-
-
84927084074
-
-
Campbell, Travels, p. 186. He apparently missed the humour behind this circular reasoning.
-
Travels
, pp. 186
-
-
Campbell1
-
71
-
-
0344978306
-
Slave Raiding Across the Cape Frontier
-
E. Eldredge and F. Morton (eds), Boulder, Westview Press
-
E. Eldredge, 'Slave Raiding Across the Cape Frontier', in E. Eldredge and F. Morton (eds), Slavery in South Africa: Captive Labor on the Dutch Frontier (Boulder, Westview Press, 1994), pp. 101-114.
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(1994)
Slavery in South Africa: Captive Labor on the Dutch Frontier
, pp. 101-114
-
-
Eldredge, E.1
-
72
-
-
9744259889
-
-
Manson, 'Conflict in the Western Highveld', p. 357; Parsons, 'Prelude to Difiqane ', pp. 338-341; See also E. Eldredge, 'Sources of Conflict in Southern Africa, c. 1800-1830: the "Mfecane" Reconsidered', in C. Hamilton (ed), The Mfecane Aftermath, pp. 157-160.
-
Conflict in the Western Highveld
, pp. 357
-
-
Manson1
-
73
-
-
9744241302
-
-
Manson, 'Conflict in the Western Highveld', p. 357; Parsons, 'Prelude to Difiqane ', pp. 338-341; See also E. Eldredge, 'Sources of Conflict in Southern Africa, c. 1800-1830: the "Mfecane" Reconsidered', in C. Hamilton (ed), The Mfecane Aftermath, pp. 157-160.
-
Prelude to Difiqane
, pp. 338-341
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Parsons1
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74
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84866801443
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Sources of Conflict in Southern Africa, c. 1800-1830: The "Mfecane" Reconsidered
-
C. Hamilton (ed)
-
Manson, 'Conflict in the Western Highveld', p. 357; Parsons, 'Prelude to Difiqane ', pp. 338-341; See also E. Eldredge, 'Sources of Conflict in Southern Africa, c. 1800-1830: the "Mfecane" Reconsidered', in C. Hamilton (ed), The Mfecane Aftermath, pp. 157-160.
-
The Mfecane Aftermath
, pp. 157-160
-
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Eldredge, E.1
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81
-
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9744241302
-
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Manson, 'Conflict in the Western Highveld', pp. 227-228; Parsons, 'Prelude to Difiqane', pp. 336-337.
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Prelude to Difiqane
, pp. 336-337
-
-
Parsons1
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84
-
-
7644236241
-
-
Lichtenstein. About the Bechuanas, pp. 80-81. On caille types, see M. Hall and A.B. Smith (eds), Prehistoric Pastoralism in Southern Africa, Goodwin Series, 5 (South African Archaeological Society, 1986), pp. 16-17; H.H. Curson and R.W. Thornton, 'A Contribution to the Study of African Native Cattle', Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Science and Animal Industry, 7 (1936), pp. 646, 661-663; H. Epstein, 'Animal Husbandry of the Hottentots', Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Science and Animal Industry, 9 (1937), pp. 640-641.
-
About the Bechuanas
, pp. 80-81
-
-
Lichtenstein1
-
85
-
-
9744222224
-
-
Goodwin Series, South African Archaeological Society
-
Lichtenstein. About the Bechuanas, pp. 80-81. On caille types, see M. Hall and A.B. Smith (eds), Prehistoric Pastoralism in Southern Africa, Goodwin Series, 5 (South African Archaeological Society, 1986), pp. 16-17; H.H. Curson and R.W. Thornton, 'A Contribution to the Study of African Native Cattle', Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Science and Animal Industry, 7 (1936), pp. 646, 661-663; H. Epstein, 'Animal Husbandry of the Hottentots', Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Science and Animal Industry, 9 (1937), pp. 640-641.
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(1986)
Prehistoric Pastoralism in Southern Africa
, vol.5
, pp. 16-17
-
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Hall, M.1
Smith, A.B.2
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86
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0348118257
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A Contribution to the Study of African Native Cattle
-
Lichtenstein. About the Bechuanas, pp. 80-81. On caille types, see M. Hall and A.B. Smith (eds), Prehistoric Pastoralism in Southern Africa, Goodwin Series, 5 (South African Archaeological Society, 1986), pp. 16-17; H.H. Curson and R.W. Thornton, 'A Contribution to the Study of African Native Cattle', Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Science and Animal Industry, 7 (1936), pp. 646, 661-663; H. Epstein, 'Animal Husbandry of the Hottentots', Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Science and Animal Industry, 9 (1937), pp. 640-641.
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(1936)
Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Science and Animal Industry
, vol.7
, pp. 646
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Curson, H.H.1
Thornton, R.W.2
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87
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9744277080
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Animal Husbandry of the Hottentots
-
Lichtenstein. About the Bechuanas, pp. 80-81. On caille types, see M. Hall and A.B. Smith (eds), Prehistoric Pastoralism in Southern Africa, Goodwin Series, 5 (South African Archaeological Society, 1986), pp. 16-17; H.H. Curson and R.W. Thornton, 'A Contribution to the Study of African Native Cattle', Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Science and Animal Industry, 7 (1936), pp. 646, 661-663; H. Epstein, 'Animal Husbandry of the Hottentots', Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Science and Animal Industry, 9 (1937), pp. 640-641.
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(1937)
Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Science and Animal Industry
, vol.9
, pp. 640-641
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Epstein, H.1
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88
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9744279363
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School of Oriental and African Studies, London. Council for World Mission Archive, London Missionary Society, Africa South, Incoming Letters [hereafter LMS] Box 15, Moffat, 25 November 1836
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School of Oriental and African Studies, London. Council for World Mission Archive, London Missionary Society, Africa South, Incoming Letters [hereafter LMS] Box 15, Moffat, 25 November 1836.
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90
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9744250495
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Notes on the Southern Tswana Social Formation
-
K. Gottschalk and C. Saunders (eds), Cape Town, Centre for African Studies, University of Cape Town
-
M. Kinsman, 'Notes on the Southern Tswana Social Formation', in K. Gottschalk and C. Saunders (eds), Africa Seminar Collected Papers, vol. 2 (Cape Town, Centre for African Studies, University of Cape Town, 1981), p. 189.
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(1981)
Africa Seminar Collected Papers
, vol.2
, pp. 189
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Kinsman, M.1
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91
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-
9744245615
-
-
Chicago, University of Chicago, note 12, p. 268.
-
Comaroff and Comaroff have characterised the lower classes in this period as 'non-Tswana serfs'. Their discussion of poverty among the Tswana explains how it resulted from the capitalist agrarian transformation. Sec J. Comaroff and J. L. Comaroff, Of Revelation and Revolution: Christianity, Colonialism and Consciousness in South Africa, vol. 1 (Chicago, University of Chicago, 1991), pp. 144, note 12, p. 268. J. L. Comaroff and J. Comaroff, Of Revelation and Revolution: the Dialectics of Modernity on a South African Frontier, vol. 2 (Chicago, University of Chicago, 1997), pp. 119-165. Eldredge sees class among the Tlhaping after the model of Moshoeshoe's kingdom, resulting from the incorporation of outsiders, 'Slave Raiding', p. 104. Also see P. Kallaway, 'Tribesman, Trader, Peasant and Proletarian: the Process of Transition from a Prc-Capitalist to a Capitalist Mode of Production in the Immediate Hinterland of the Kimberley Diamond Fields during the Nineteenth Century: a Case Study of the BaTlhaping', in P. Bonner (ed), Working Papers in Southern African Studies, vol. 2 (Johannesburg, Ravan Press, 1981), p. 12.
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(1991)
Of Revelation and Revolution: Christianity, Colonialism and Consciousness in South Africa
, vol.1
, pp. 144
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Comaroff, J.1
Comaroff, J.L.2
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92
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85020376539
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Chicago, University of Chicago
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Comaroff and Comaroff have characterised the lower classes in this period as 'non-Tswana serfs'. Their discussion of poverty among the Tswana explains how it resulted from the capitalist agrarian transformation. Sec J. Comaroff and J. L. Comaroff, Of Revelation and Revolution: Christianity, Colonialism and Consciousness in South Africa, vol. 1 (Chicago, University of Chicago, 1991), pp. 144, note 12, p. 268. J. L. Comaroff and J. Comaroff, Of Revelation and Revolution: the Dialectics of Modernity on a South African Frontier, vol. 2 (Chicago, University of Chicago, 1997), pp. 119-165. Eldredge sees class among the Tlhaping after the model of Moshoeshoe's kingdom, resulting from the incorporation of outsiders, 'Slave Raiding', p. 104. Also see P. Kallaway, 'Tribesman, Trader, Peasant and Proletarian: the Process of Transition from a Prc-Capitalist to a Capitalist Mode of Production in the Immediate Hinterland of the Kimberley Diamond Fields during the Nineteenth Century: a Case Study of the BaTlhaping', in P. Bonner (ed), Working Papers in Southern African Studies, vol. 2 (Johannesburg, Ravan Press, 1981), p. 12.
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(1997)
Of Revelation and Revolution: The Dialectics of Modernity on a South African Frontier
, vol.2
, pp. 119-165
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Comaroff, J.L.1
Comaroff, J.2
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93
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9744259154
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Comaroff and Comaroff have characterised the lower classes in this period as 'non-Tswana serfs'. Their discussion of poverty among the Tswana explains how it resulted from the capitalist agrarian transformation. Sec J. Comaroff and J. L. Comaroff, Of Revelation and Revolution: Christianity, Colonialism and Consciousness in South Africa, vol. 1 (Chicago, University of Chicago, 1991), pp. 144, note 12, p. 268. J. L. Comaroff and J. Comaroff, Of Revelation and Revolution: the Dialectics of Modernity on a South African Frontier, vol. 2 (Chicago, University of Chicago, 1997), pp. 119-165. Eldredge sees class among the Tlhaping after the model of Moshoeshoe's kingdom, resulting from the incorporation of outsiders, 'Slave Raiding', p. 104. Also see P. Kallaway, 'Tribesman, Trader, Peasant and Proletarian: the Process of Transition from a Prc-Capitalist to a Capitalist Mode of Production in the Immediate Hinterland of the Kimberley Diamond Fields during the Nineteenth Century: a Case Study of the BaTlhaping', in P. Bonner (ed), Working Papers in Southern African Studies, vol. 2 (Johannesburg, Ravan Press, 1981), p. 12.
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Slave Raiding
, pp. 104
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94
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9744278623
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Tribesman, Trader, Peasant and Proletarian: The Process of Transition from a Prc-Capitalist to a Capitalist Mode of Production in the Immediate Hinterland of the Kimberley Diamond Fields during the Nineteenth Century: A Case Study of the BaTlhaping
-
P. Bonner (ed), Johannesburg, Ravan Press
-
Comaroff and Comaroff have characterised the lower classes in this period as 'non-Tswana serfs'. Their discussion of poverty among the Tswana explains how it resulted from the capitalist agrarian transformation. Sec J. Comaroff and J. L. Comaroff, Of Revelation and Revolution: Christianity, Colonialism and Consciousness in South Africa, vol. 1 (Chicago, University of Chicago, 1991), pp. 144, note 12, p. 268. J. L. Comaroff and J. Comaroff, Of Revelation and Revolution: the Dialectics of Modernity on a South African Frontier, vol. 2 (Chicago, University of Chicago, 1997), pp. 119-165. Eldredge sees class among the Tlhaping after the model of Moshoeshoe's kingdom, resulting from the incorporation of outsiders, 'Slave Raiding', p. 104. Also see P. Kallaway, 'Tribesman, Trader, Peasant and Proletarian: the Process of Transition from a Prc-Capitalist to a Capitalist Mode of Production in the Immediate Hinterland of the Kimberley Diamond Fields during the Nineteenth Century: a Case Study of the BaTlhaping', in P. Bonner (ed), Working Papers in Southern African Studies, vol. 2 (Johannesburg, Ravan Press, 1981), p. 12.
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(1981)
Working Papers in Southern African Studies
, vol.2
, pp. 12
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Kallaway, P.1
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95
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9744233271
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Precolonial Economic Change among the BaTlhaping, c, 1795-1817
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G. Okihiro, 'Precolonial Economic Change Among the BaTlhaping, c, 1795-1817', International Journal of African Historical Studies, 17, 1 (1984), pp. 72-78; Kallaway, Tribesman, Trader', p. 13; Wilmsen, A Land Filled with Flies, but see especially pp. 52-53.
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(1984)
International Journal of African Historical Studies
, vol.17
, Issue.1
, pp. 72-78
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Okihiro, G.1
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9744249771
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G. Okihiro, 'Precolonial Economic Change Among the BaTlhaping, c, 1795-1817', International Journal of African Historical Studies, 17, 1 (1984), pp. 72-78; Kallaway, Tribesman, Trader', p. 13; Wilmsen, A Land Filled with Flies, but see especially pp. 52-53.
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Tribesman, Trader
, pp. 13
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Kallaway1
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97
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0003726474
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but see especially
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G. Okihiro, 'Precolonial Economic Change Among the BaTlhaping, c, 1795-1817', International Journal of African Historical Studies, 17, 1 (1984), pp. 72-78; Kallaway, Tribesman, Trader', p. 13; Wilmsen, A Land Filled with Flies, but see especially pp. 52-53.
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A Land Filled with Flies
, pp. 52-53
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Wilmsen1
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98
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0003754393
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Cambridge, Cambridge University Press
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J. Iliffe, The African Poor (Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1987), p. 78.
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(1987)
The African Poor
, pp. 78
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Iliffe, J.1
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99
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New Haven, Yale University Press, 1977; new edn, Johannesburg, Ravan Press
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R. Elphick, Kraal and Castle: Kholkhoi and the Founding of While South Africa (New Haven, Yale University Press, 1977; new edn, Johannesburg, Ravan Press, 1985), pp. 23-42.
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(1985)
Kraal and Castle: Kholkhoi and the Founding of while South Africa
, pp. 23-42
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101
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Drought, Famine and Disease in Lesotho
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E. Eldredge, 'Drought, Famine and Disease in Lesotho', African Economic History, 16 (1987), pp. 69-71; D. Wylie, The Changing Face of Hunger in Southern African History', Past and Present, 122 (1989), pp. 159-199.
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(1987)
African Economic History
, vol.16
, pp. 69-71
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E. Eldredge, 'Drought, Famine and Disease in Lesotho', African Economic History, 16 (1987), pp. 69-71; D. Wylie, The Changing Face of Hunger in Southern African History', Past and Present, 122 (1989), pp. 159-199.
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(1989)
Past and Present
, vol.122
, pp. 159-199
-
-
Wylie, D.1
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103
-
-
9744250496
-
-
On wild foods, see Burchell, Travels in the Interior, 2, p. 415; Campbell, Second Journey, 2, p. 217; G. Fritsch, Drei Jahren Süd-Afrika: Reiseskizzen nach Notizen des Tagebuchs Zusammengestellt (Brcslau, Ferdinand Hirt, 1868), p. 254.
-
Travels in the Interior
, vol.2
, pp. 415
-
-
Burchell1
-
104
-
-
9744272795
-
-
On wild foods, see Burchell, Travels in the Interior, 2, p. 415; Campbell, Second Journey, 2, p. 217; G. Fritsch, Drei Jahren Süd-Afrika: Reiseskizzen nach Notizen des Tagebuchs Zusammengestellt (Brcslau, Ferdinand Hirt, 1868), p. 254.
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Second Journey
, vol.2
, pp. 217
-
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Campbell1
-
105
-
-
7644224140
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-
Brcslau, Ferdinand Hirt
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On wild foods, see Burchell, Travels in the Interior, 2, p. 415; Campbell, Second Journey, 2, p. 217; G. Fritsch, Drei Jahren Süd-Afrika: Reiseskizzen nach Notizen des Tagebuchs Zusammengestellt (Brcslau, Ferdinand Hirt, 1868), p. 254.
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(1868)
Drei Jahren Süd-Afrika: Reiseskizzen nach Notizen des Tagebuchs Zusammengestellt
, pp. 254
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Fritsch, G.1
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106
-
-
9744263583
-
Edible Veld Plants: A Food Source for the Future?
-
T. Anderson, 'Edible Veld Plants: a Food Source for the Future?', MacGregor Miscellany, 3 (1991). For a comprehensive account of wild foods throughout southern Africa, see F.W. Fox and M. E. Norwood Young, Food from the Veld: Edible Wild Plants of Southern Africa (Johannesburg, Delta, 1982).
-
(1991)
MacGregor Miscellany
, vol.3
-
-
Anderson, T.1
-
107
-
-
0003414798
-
-
Johannesburg, Delta
-
T. Anderson, 'Edible Veld Plants: a Food Source for the Future?', MacGregor Miscellany, 3 (1991). For a comprehensive account of wild foods throughout southern Africa, see F.W. Fox and M. E. Norwood Young, Food from the Veld: Edible Wild Plants of Southern Africa (Johannesburg, Delta, 1982).
-
(1982)
Food from the Veld: Edible Wild Plants of Southern Africa
-
-
Fox, F.W.1
Norwood Young, M.E.2
-
108
-
-
9744224700
-
-
Burchell, Travels in the Interior, 2, p. 298; Borchcrds, An AutoBiographical Memoir, p. 125; Barrow, A Voyage, p. 386; R. Gordon Cumming, A Hunter's Life in South Africa (London, John Murray, 1850; reprint edn, Bulawago, Books of Zimbabwe, 1980), p. 235; W. Cotton Oswell, 'South Africa Fifty Years Ago', in C. Phillipps-Wolley (ed), Big Game Shooting, vol. 1, (London, Longmans, Green, 1894), pp. 36-37.
-
Travels in the Interior
, vol.2
, pp. 298
-
-
Burchell1
-
109
-
-
0040080590
-
-
Burchell, Travels in the Interior, 2, p. 298; Borchcrds, An AutoBiographical Memoir, p. 125; Barrow, A Voyage, p. 386; R. Gordon Cumming, A Hunter's Life in South Africa (London, John Murray, 1850; reprint edn, Bulawago, Books of Zimbabwe, 1980), p. 235; W. Cotton Oswell, 'South Africa Fifty Years Ago', in C. Phillipps-Wolley (ed), Big Game Shooting, vol. 1, (London, Longmans, Green, 1894), pp. 36-37.
-
An AutoBiographical Memoir
, pp. 125
-
-
Borchcrds1
-
110
-
-
9744251900
-
-
Burchell, Travels in the Interior, 2, p. 298; Borchcrds, An AutoBiographical Memoir, p. 125; Barrow, A Voyage, p. 386; R. Gordon Cumming, A Hunter's Life in South Africa (London, John Murray, 1850; reprint edn, Bulawago, Books of Zimbabwe, 1980), p. 235; W. Cotton Oswell, 'South Africa Fifty Years Ago', in C. Phillipps-Wolley (ed), Big Game Shooting, vol. 1, (London, Longmans, Green, 1894), pp. 36-37.
-
A Voyage
, pp. 386
-
-
Barrow1
-
111
-
-
9744239856
-
-
London, John Murray, 1850; reprint edn, Bulawago, Books of Zimbabwe
-
Burchell, Travels in the Interior, 2, p. 298; Borchcrds, An AutoBiographical Memoir, p. 125; Barrow, A Voyage, p. 386; R. Gordon Cumming, A Hunter's Life in South Africa (London, John Murray, 1850; reprint edn, Bulawago, Books of Zimbabwe, 1980), p. 235; W. Cotton Oswell, 'South Africa Fifty Years Ago', in C. Phillipps-Wolley (ed), Big Game Shooting, vol. 1, (London, Longmans, Green, 1894), pp. 36-37.
-
(1980)
A Hunter's Life in South Africa
, pp. 235
-
-
Gordon Cumming, R.1
-
112
-
-
1542727919
-
South Africa Fifty Years Ago
-
C. Phillipps-Wolley (ed), London, Longmans, Green
-
Burchell, Travels in the Interior, 2, p. 298; Borchcrds, An AutoBiographical Memoir, p. 125; Barrow, A Voyage, p. 386; R. Gordon Cumming, A Hunter's Life in South Africa (London, John Murray, 1850; reprint edn, Bulawago, Books of Zimbabwe, 1980), p. 235; W. Cotton Oswell, 'South Africa Fifty Years Ago', in C. Phillipps-Wolley (ed), Big Game Shooting, vol. 1, (London, Longmans, Green, 1894), pp. 36-37.
-
(1894)
Big Game Shooting
, vol.1
, pp. 36-37
-
-
Cotton Oswell, W.1
-
113
-
-
9744241301
-
-
Cape Town, Saul Solomon
-
E. Solomon, Two Lectures on the Native Tribes of the Interior (Cape Town, Saul Solomon, 1855), p. 51; J. Comaroff and J.L. Comaroff, Of Revelation, 1, p. 153. These people were also called 'poor Bechuana', Campbell, Travels, p. 218.
-
(1855)
Two Lectures on the Native Tribes of the Interior
, pp. 51
-
-
Solomon, E.1
-
114
-
-
9744221477
-
-
E. Solomon, Two Lectures on the Native Tribes of the Interior (Cape Town, Saul Solomon, 1855), p. 51; J. Comaroff and J.L. Comaroff, Of Revelation, 1, p. 153. These people were also called 'poor Bechuana', Campbell, Travels, p. 218.
-
Of Revelation
, vol.1
, pp. 153
-
-
Comaroff, J.1
Comaroff, J.L.2
-
115
-
-
84927084074
-
-
E. Solomon, Two Lectures on the Native Tribes of the Interior (Cape Town, Saul Solomon, 1855), p. 51; J. Comaroff and J.L. Comaroff, Of Revelation, 1, p. 153. These people were also called 'poor Bechuana', Campbell, Travels, p. 218.
-
Travels
, pp. 218
-
-
Campbell1
-
116
-
-
84862060152
-
The Making of the Amalala: Ethnicity, Ideology and Relations of Subordination in a Precolonial Context
-
On the use of term 'lala' in Nguni languages and its ethnic meaning, see C. Hamilton and J. Wright, 'The Making of the Amalala: Ethnicity, Ideology and Relations of Subordination in a Precolonial Context', South African Historical Journal, 22 (1990), pp. 3-23.
-
(1990)
South African Historical Journal
, vol.22
, pp. 3-23
-
-
Hamilton, C.1
Wright, J.2
-
119
-
-
9744244556
-
-
Campbell, Second Journey, 2, p. 186. For evidence on smallpox epidemics, see Gordon, Cape Travels, 2, pp. 338, 250, 254; Somerville, William Somerville's Narrative, p. 128; Smith, Diary, 1, pp. 390-391.
-
Second Journey
, vol.2
, pp. 186
-
-
Campbell1
-
120
-
-
9744220731
-
-
Campbell, Second Journey, 2, p. 186. For evidence on smallpox epidemics, see Gordon, Cape Travels, 2, pp. 338, 250, 254; Somerville, William Somerville's Narrative, p. 128; Smith, Diary, 1, pp. 390-391.
-
Cape Travels
, vol.2
, pp. 338
-
-
Gordon1
-
121
-
-
9744277852
-
-
Campbell, Second Journey, 2, p. 186. For evidence on smallpox epidemics, see Gordon, Cape Travels, 2, pp. 338, 250, 254; Somerville, William Somerville's Narrative, p. 128; Smith, Diary, 1, pp. 390-391.
-
William Somerville's Narrative
, pp. 128
-
-
Somerville1
-
122
-
-
9744236888
-
-
Campbell, Second Journey, 2, p. 186. For evidence on smallpox epidemics, see Gordon, Cape Travels, 2, pp. 338, 250, 254; Somerville, William Somerville's Narrative, p. 128; Smith, Diary, 1, pp. 390-391.
-
Diary
, vol.1
, pp. 390-391
-
-
Smith1
-
128
-
-
9744255805
-
-
For an example, see Campbell, Second Journey, 1, pp. 288-289.
-
Second Journey
, vol.1
, pp. 288-289
-
-
Campbell1
-
129
-
-
9744231744
-
-
Lichtenstein was first to use a form of the term batlhanka, but he did not mention the balala. About the Bechuanas, p. 76; Travels, 2, p. 416.
-
About the Bechuanas
, pp. 76
-
-
-
130
-
-
9744249030
-
-
Lichtenstein was first to use a form of the term batlhanka, but he did not mention the balala. About the Bechuanas, p. 76; Travels, 2, p. 416.
-
Travels
, vol.2
, pp. 416
-
-
-
131
-
-
9744229043
-
-
note
-
Burchell, 2, p. 267. Burchell is explaining the name of his assistant, Muchunka, which is his orthography for 'motlhanka', singular of batlhanka. Earlier Burchell appears to have confused the two translations. See 2, p. 248, cited in note 134 below.
-
-
-
-
132
-
-
9744225462
-
-
Lichtenstein, Travels, 2, pp. 396-397, About the Bechuanas, p. 75; Burchell, Travels in the Interior, 2, p. 334.
-
Travels
, vol.2
, pp. 396-397
-
-
Lichtenstein1
-
133
-
-
9744231744
-
-
Lichtenstein, Travels, 2, pp. 396-397, About the Bechuanas, p. 75; Burchell, Travels in the Interior, 2, p. 334.
-
About the Bechuanas
, pp. 75
-
-
-
134
-
-
9744259886
-
-
Lichtenstein, Travels, 2, pp. 396-397, About the Bechuanas, p. 75; Burchell, Travels in the Interior, 2, p. 334.
-
Travels in the Interior
, vol.2
, pp. 334
-
-
Burchell1
-
137
-
-
9744249031
-
-
LMS Box 8, Moffat at Griquatown, nd, 1829
-
LMS Box 8, Moffat at Griquatown, nd, 1829.
-
-
-
-
138
-
-
84897207718
-
-
Smith, Diary, 1, p. 369.
-
Diary
, vol.1
, pp. 369
-
-
Smith1
-
140
-
-
9744242369
-
-
Lichtenstein, Travels, 2, p. 365; D. Livingstone, in I. Schapera (ed). Family Letters, 1841-1856, vol. 1 (London, Chatto and Windus, 1959), p. 39; Fritsch, Drei Jahre, pp. 262-263, 266; A.A. Anderson, Twenty Five Years in a Wagon (London, Chapman and Hall, 1888), p. 80; Campbell, Second Journey, 1, pp. 101, 194-195; 2, p. 136; Moffat, Missionary Labours, pp. 382-383; Zimbabwe National Archives, SE 1/4 Frederick Courtenay Selous Journal, 2 November 1871.
-
Travels
, vol.2
, pp. 365
-
-
Lichtenstein1
-
141
-
-
9744245616
-
-
I. Schapera (ed). London, Chatto and Windus
-
Lichtenstein, Travels, 2, p. 365; D. Livingstone, in I. Schapera (ed). Family Letters, 1841-1856, vol. 1 (London, Chatto and Windus, 1959), p. 39; Fritsch, Drei Jahre, pp. 262-263, 266; A.A. Anderson, Twenty Five Years in a Wagon (London, Chapman and Hall, 1888), p. 80; Campbell, Second Journey, 1, pp. 101, 194-195; 2, p. 136; Moffat, Missionary Labours, pp. 382-383; Zimbabwe National Archives, SE 1/4 Frederick Courtenay Selous Journal, 2 November 1871.
-
(1959)
Family Letters, 1841-1856
, vol.1
, pp. 39
-
-
Livingstone, D.1
-
142
-
-
84922860777
-
-
Lichtenstein, Travels, 2, p. 365; D. Livingstone, in I. Schapera (ed). Family Letters, 1841-1856, vol. 1 (London, Chatto and Windus, 1959), p. 39; Fritsch, Drei Jahre, pp. 262-263, 266; A.A. Anderson, Twenty Five Years in a Wagon (London, Chapman and Hall, 1888), p. 80; Campbell, Second Journey, 1, pp. 101, 194-195; 2, p. 136; Moffat, Missionary Labours, pp. 382-383; Zimbabwe National Archives, SE 1/4 Frederick Courtenay Selous Journal, 2 November 1871.
-
Drei Jahre
, pp. 262-263
-
-
Fritsch1
-
143
-
-
0003971517
-
-
London, Chapman and Hall
-
Lichtenstein, Travels, 2, p. 365; D. Livingstone, in I. Schapera (ed). Family Letters, 1841-1856, vol. 1 (London, Chatto and Windus, 1959), p. 39; Fritsch, Drei Jahre, pp. 262-263, 266; A.A. Anderson, Twenty Five Years in a Wagon (London, Chapman and Hall, 1888), p. 80; Campbell, Second Journey, 1, pp. 101, 194-195; 2, p. 136; Moffat, Missionary Labours, pp. 382-383; Zimbabwe National Archives, SE 1/4 Frederick Courtenay Selous Journal, 2 November 1871.
-
(1888)
Twenty Five Years in a Wagon
, pp. 80
-
-
Anderson, A.A.1
-
144
-
-
9744264517
-
-
Lichtenstein, Travels, 2, p. 365; D. Livingstone, in I. Schapera (ed). Family Letters, 1841-1856, vol. 1 (London, Chatto and Windus, 1959), p. 39; Fritsch, Drei Jahre, pp. 262-263, 266; A.A. Anderson, Twenty Five Years in a Wagon (London, Chapman and Hall, 1888), p. 80; Campbell, Second Journey, 1, pp. 101, 194-195; 2, p. 136; Moffat, Missionary Labours, pp. 382-383; Zimbabwe National Archives, SE 1/4 Frederick Courtenay Selous Journal, 2 November 1871.
-
Second Journey
, vol.1
, pp. 101
-
-
Campbell1
-
145
-
-
9744285342
-
-
Lichtenstein, Travels, 2, p. 365; D. Livingstone, in I. Schapera (ed). Family Letters, 1841-1856, vol. 1 (London, Chatto and Windus, 1959), p. 39; Fritsch, Drei Jahre, pp. 262-263, 266; A.A. Anderson, Twenty Five Years in a Wagon (London, Chapman and Hall, 1888), p. 80; Campbell, Second Journey, 1, pp. 101, 194-195; 2, p. 136; Moffat, Missionary Labours, pp. 382-383; Zimbabwe National Archives, SE 1/4 Frederick Courtenay Selous Journal, 2 November 1871.
-
Second Journey
, vol.2
, pp. 136
-
-
-
146
-
-
3543093679
-
-
Zimbabwe National Archives, SE 1/4 Frederick Courtenay Selous Journal, 2 November 1871
-
Lichtenstein, Travels, 2, p. 365; D. Livingstone, in I. Schapera (ed). Family Letters, 1841-1856, vol. 1 (London, Chatto and Windus, 1959), p. 39; Fritsch, Drei Jahre, pp. 262-263, 266; A.A. Anderson, Twenty Five Years in a Wagon (London, Chapman and Hall, 1888), p. 80; Campbell, Second Journey, 1, pp. 101, 194-195; 2, p. 136; Moffat, Missionary Labours, pp. 382-383; Zimbabwe National Archives, SE 1/4 Frederick Courtenay Selous Journal, 2 November 1871.
-
Missionary Labours
, pp. 382-383
-
-
Moffat1
-
148
-
-
9744261307
-
-
Borcherds, An AntoBiographical Memoir, pp. 125, 130; Somerville, William Somerville's Narrative, p. 127; Barrow, A Voyage, p. 393; Lichtenstein, About the Bechuanas, p. 80; Travels, 2, p. 409; Burchell, Travels in the Interior, 2, p. 413; Campbell, Second Journey, 2, p. 218.
-
An AntoBiographical Memoir
, pp. 125
-
-
Borcherds1
-
149
-
-
9744277852
-
-
Borcherds, An AntoBiographical Memoir, pp. 125, 130; Somerville, William Somerville's Narrative, p. 127; Barrow, A Voyage, p. 393; Lichtenstein, About the Bechuanas, p. 80; Travels, 2, p. 409; Burchell, Travels in the Interior, 2, p. 413; Campbell, Second Journey, 2, p. 218.
-
William Somerville's Narrative
, pp. 127
-
-
Somerville1
-
150
-
-
9744251900
-
-
Borcherds, An AntoBiographical Memoir, pp. 125, 130; Somerville, William Somerville's Narrative, p. 127; Barrow, A Voyage, p. 393; Lichtenstein, About the Bechuanas, p. 80; Travels, 2, p. 409; Burchell, Travels in the Interior, 2, p. 413; Campbell, Second Journey, 2, p. 218.
-
A Voyage
, pp. 393
-
-
Barrow1
-
151
-
-
7644236241
-
-
Borcherds, An AntoBiographical Memoir, pp. 125, 130; Somerville, William Somerville's Narrative, p. 127; Barrow, A Voyage, p. 393; Lichtenstein, About the Bechuanas, p. 80; Travels, 2, p. 409; Burchell, Travels in the Interior, 2, p. 413; Campbell, Second Journey, 2, p. 218.
-
About the Bechuanas
, pp. 80
-
-
Lichtenstein1
-
152
-
-
9744229545
-
-
Borcherds, An AntoBiographical Memoir, pp. 125, 130; Somerville, William Somerville's Narrative, p. 127; Barrow, A Voyage, p. 393; Lichtenstein, About the Bechuanas, p. 80; Travels, 2, p. 409; Burchell, Travels in the Interior, 2, p. 413; Campbell, Second Journey, 2, p. 218.
-
Travels
, vol.2
, pp. 409
-
-
-
153
-
-
9744260612
-
-
Borcherds, An AntoBiographical Memoir, pp. 125, 130; Somerville, William Somerville's Narrative, p. 127; Barrow, A Voyage, p. 393; Lichtenstein, About the Bechuanas, p. 80; Travels, 2, p. 409; Burchell, Travels in the Interior, 2, p. 413; Campbell, Second Journey, 2, p. 218.
-
Travels in the Interior
, vol.2
, pp. 413
-
-
Burchell1
-
154
-
-
9744282241
-
-
Borcherds, An AntoBiographical Memoir, pp. 125, 130; Somerville, William Somerville's Narrative, p. 127; Barrow, A Voyage, p. 393; Lichtenstein, About the Bechuanas, p. 80; Travels, 2, p. 409; Burchell, Travels in the Interior, 2, p. 413; Campbell, Second Journey, 2, p. 218.
-
Second Journey
, vol.2
, pp. 218
-
-
Campbell1
-
156
-
-
9744287292
-
-
Saunders, 'Early Knowledge of the Sotho', pp. 66-69; A. Morris, Skeletons of Contact, pp. 48-50; Maingard, 'The Brikwa' p. 597. On sheep, see Burchell, Travels in the Interior, 2, p. 368; Lichtenstein, About the Bechuanas, p. 81.
-
Early Knowledge of the Sotho
, pp. 66-69
-
-
Saunders1
-
157
-
-
0040224770
-
-
Saunders, 'Early Knowledge of the Sotho', pp. 66-69; A. Morris, Skeletons of Contact, pp. 48-50; Maingard, 'The Brikwa' p. 597. On sheep, see Burchell, Travels in the Interior, 2, p. 368; Lichtenstein, About the Bechuanas, p. 81.
-
Skeletons of Contact
, pp. 48-50
-
-
Morris, A.1
-
158
-
-
9744282242
-
-
Saunders, 'Early Knowledge of the Sotho', pp. 66-69; A. Morris, Skeletons of Contact, pp. 48-50; Maingard, 'The Brikwa' p. 597. On sheep, see Burchell, Travels in the Interior, 2, p. 368; Lichtenstein, About the Bechuanas, p. 81.
-
The Brikwa
, pp. 597
-
-
Maingard1
-
159
-
-
9744233272
-
-
Saunders, 'Early Knowledge of the Sotho', pp. 66-69; A. Morris, Skeletons of Contact, pp. 48-50; Maingard, 'The Brikwa' p. 597. On sheep, see Burchell, Travels in the Interior, 2, p. 368; Lichtenstein, About the Bechuanas, p. 81.
-
Travels in the Interior
, vol.2
, pp. 368
-
-
Burchell1
-
160
-
-
7644236241
-
-
Saunders, 'Early Knowledge of the Sotho', pp. 66-69; A. Morris, Skeletons of Contact, pp. 48-50; Maingard, 'The Brikwa' p. 597. On sheep, see Burchell, Travels in the Interior, 2, p. 368; Lichtenstein, About the Bechuanas, p. 81.
-
About the Bechuanas
, pp. 81
-
-
Lichtenstein1
-
165
-
-
0344807921
-
-
J. Comaroff and J.L. Comaroff, Of Revelation, 1, pp. 145-146; J. Comaroff, Body of Power, pp. 67-74.
-
Body of Power
, pp. 67-74
-
-
Comaroff, J.1
-
166
-
-
9744251900
-
-
Barrow, A Voyage, pp. 390, 393; Somerville, William Somerville's Narrative, p. 110; Lichtenstein, About the Bechuanas, p. 66; Burchell, Travels in the Interior, 1, p. 319; Campbell, Travels, pp. 202-203.
-
A Voyage
, pp. 390
-
-
Barrow1
-
167
-
-
9744277852
-
-
Barrow, A Voyage, pp. 390, 393; Somerville, William Somerville's Narrative, p. 110; Lichtenstein, About the Bechuanas, p. 66; Burchell, Travels in the Interior, 1, p. 319; Campbell, Travels, pp. 202-203.
-
William Somerville's Narrative
, pp. 110
-
-
Somerville1
-
168
-
-
7644236241
-
-
Barrow, A Voyage, pp. 390, 393; Somerville, William Somerville's Narrative, p. 110; Lichtenstein, About the Bechuanas, p. 66; Burchell, Travels in the Interior, 1, p. 319; Campbell, Travels, pp. 202-203.
-
About the Bechuanas
, pp. 66
-
-
Lichtenstein1
-
169
-
-
9744244557
-
-
Barrow, A Voyage, pp. 390, 393; Somerville, William Somerville's Narrative, p. 110; Lichtenstein, About the Bechuanas, p. 66; Burchell, Travels in the Interior, 1, p. 319; Campbell, Travels, pp. 202-203.
-
Travels in the Interior
, vol.1
, pp. 319
-
-
Burchell1
-
170
-
-
84927084074
-
-
Barrow, A Voyage, pp. 390, 393; Somerville, William Somerville's Narrative, p. 110; Lichtenstein, About the Bechuanas, p. 66; Burchell, Travels in the Interior, 1, p. 319; Campbell, Travels, pp. 202-203.
-
Travels
, pp. 202-203
-
-
Campbell1
-
173
-
-
9744277851
-
-
Burchell, Travels in the Interior, 2, p. 368; Campbell, Second Journey, 1, pp. 63-64.
-
Second Journey
, vol.1
, pp. 63-64
-
-
Campbell1
-
174
-
-
9744242369
-
-
Lichtenstein, Travels, 2, p. 365. Somerville, William Somerville's Narrative, p. 138.
-
Travels
, vol.2
, pp. 365
-
-
Lichtenstein1
-
180
-
-
9744236889
-
Die Bydrae van Droogtes en Veesiektes tot die Verarming van die Landboubevolking in Noord-Kaapland
-
The Kalahari thornveld is notorious for stock disease. There is only one historical analysis of stock disease in the region, however. P.H.R. Snyman, 'Die Bydrae van Droogtes en Veesiektes tot die Verarming van die Landboubevolking in Noord-Kaapland', Tydskrif vir Geestewetenskappe, 29 (1989), pp. 32-49.
-
(1989)
Tydskrif vir Geestewetenskappe
, vol.29
, pp. 32-49
-
-
Snyman, P.H.R.1
-
183
-
-
9744247184
-
-
Testimony of Mahura's son Masse, Evidence Taken at Bloemhof, pp. 61-62. See also Smith, Diary, 1, pp. 241, 247-248, 390; R. Moffat, Apprenticeship, pp. 43, 161, 211, 212; Missionary Labours, pp. 436-437; David Livingstone, in I. Schapera (ed), Livingstone's Missionary Correspondence (Berkeley, University of California Press, 1961), p. 35; J. Mackenzie, Ten Years North of the Orange River (Edinburgh, Edmonston and Douglas, 1871; reprint edn, London, Frank Cass, 1971), p. 70.
-
Diary
, vol.1
, pp. 241
-
-
Smith1
-
184
-
-
7644239381
-
-
Testimony of Mahura's son Masse, Evidence Taken at Bloemhof, pp. 61-62. See also Smith, Diary, 1, pp. 241, 247-248, 390; R. Moffat, Apprenticeship, pp. 43, 161, 211, 212; Missionary Labours, pp. 436-437; David Livingstone, in I. Schapera (ed), Livingstone's Missionary Correspondence (Berkeley, University of California Press, 1961), p. 35; J. Mackenzie, Ten Years North of the Orange River (Edinburgh, Edmonston and Douglas, 1871; reprint edn, London, Frank Cass, 1971), p. 70.
-
Apprenticeship
, pp. 43
-
-
Moffat, R.1
-
185
-
-
3543093679
-
-
Testimony of Mahura's son Masse, Evidence Taken at Bloemhof, pp. 61-62. See also Smith, Diary, 1, pp. 241, 247-248, 390; R. Moffat, Apprenticeship, pp. 43, 161, 211, 212; Missionary Labours, pp. 436-437; David Livingstone, in I. Schapera (ed), Livingstone's Missionary Correspondence (Berkeley, University of California Press, 1961), p. 35; J. Mackenzie, Ten Years North of the Orange River (Edinburgh, Edmonston and Douglas, 1871; reprint edn, London, Frank Cass, 1971), p. 70.
-
Missionary Labours
, pp. 436-437
-
-
-
186
-
-
9744279364
-
-
I. Schapera (ed), Berkeley, University of California Press
-
Testimony of Mahura's son Masse, Evidence Taken at Bloemhof, pp. 61-62. See also Smith, Diary, 1, pp. 241, 247-248, 390; R. Moffat, Apprenticeship, pp. 43, 161, 211, 212; Missionary Labours, pp. 436-437; David Livingstone, in I. Schapera (ed), Livingstone's Missionary Correspondence (Berkeley, University of California Press, 1961), p. 35; J. Mackenzie, Ten Years North of the Orange River (Edinburgh, Edmonston and Douglas, 1871; reprint edn, London, Frank Cass, 1971), p. 70.
-
(1961)
Livingstone's Missionary Correspondence
, pp. 35
-
-
Livingstone, D.1
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187
-
-
0010083712
-
-
Edinburgh, Edmonston and Douglas, 1871; reprint edn, London, Frank Cass
-
Testimony of Mahura's son Masse, Evidence Taken at Bloemhof, pp. 61-62. See also Smith, Diary, 1, pp. 241, 247-248, 390; R. Moffat, Apprenticeship, pp. 43, 161, 211, 212; Missionary Labours, pp. 436-437; David Livingstone, in I. Schapera (ed), Livingstone's Missionary Correspondence (Berkeley, University of California Press, 1961), p. 35; J. Mackenzie, Ten Years North of the Orange River (Edinburgh, Edmonston and Douglas, 1871; reprint edn, London, Frank Cass, 1971), p. 70.
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(1971)
Ten Years North of the Orange River
, pp. 70
-
-
Mackenzie, J.1
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193
-
-
9744225463
-
-
J. Comaroff and J. L. Comaroff, Of Revelation, 1, pp. 146-148. Not all these rights are documented in records for the Tlhaping in this period. For some examples, see Burchell, Travels in the Interior, 2, pp. 377, 384; Lichtenstein, Travels, 2, p. 414; R. Moffat, Apprenticeship, p. 126 and Missionary Labours, p. 382; Smith, Diary, 1, p. 296.
-
Of Revelation
, vol.1
, pp. 146-148
-
-
Comaroff, J.1
Comaroff, J.L.2
-
194
-
-
9744259153
-
-
J. Comaroff and J. L. Comaroff, Of Revelation, 1, pp. 146-148. Not all these rights are documented in records for the Tlhaping in this period. For some examples, see Burchell, Travels in the Interior, 2, pp. 377, 384; Lichtenstein, Travels, 2, p. 414; R. Moffat, Apprenticeship, p. 126 and Missionary Labours, p. 382; Smith, Diary, 1, p. 296.
-
Travels in the Interior
, vol.2
, pp. 377
-
-
Burchell1
-
195
-
-
9744241303
-
-
J. Comaroff and J. L. Comaroff, Of Revelation, 1, pp. 146-148. Not all these rights are documented in records for the Tlhaping in this period. For some examples, see Burchell, Travels in the Interior, 2, pp. 377, 384; Lichtenstein, Travels, 2, p. 414; R. Moffat, Apprenticeship, p. 126 and Missionary Labours, p. 382; Smith, Diary, 1, p. 296.
-
Travels
, vol.2
, pp. 414
-
-
Lichtenstein1
-
196
-
-
7644239381
-
-
J. Comaroff and J. L. Comaroff, Of Revelation, 1, pp. 146-148. Not all these rights are documented in records for the Tlhaping in this period. For some examples, see Burchell, Travels in the Interior, 2, pp. 377, 384; Lichtenstein, Travels, 2, p. 414; R. Moffat, Apprenticeship, p. 126 and Missionary Labours, p. 382; Smith, Diary, 1, p. 296.
-
Apprenticeship
, pp. 126
-
-
Moffat, R.1
-
197
-
-
3543093679
-
-
J. Comaroff and J. L. Comaroff, Of Revelation, 1, pp. 146-148. Not all these rights are documented in records for the Tlhaping in this period. For some examples, see Burchell, Travels in the Interior, 2, pp. 377, 384; Lichtenstein, Travels, 2, p. 414; R. Moffat, Apprenticeship, p. 126 and Missionary Labours, p. 382; Smith, Diary, 1, p. 296.
-
Missionary Labours
, pp. 382
-
-
-
198
-
-
9744228288
-
-
J. Comaroff and J. L. Comaroff, Of Revelation, 1, pp. 146-148. Not all these rights are documented in records for the Tlhaping in this period. For some examples, see Burchell, Travels in the Interior, 2, pp. 377, 384; Lichtenstein, Travels, 2, p. 414; R. Moffat, Apprenticeship, p. 126 and Missionary Labours, p. 382; Smith, Diary, 1, p. 296.
-
Diary
, vol.1
, pp. 296
-
-
Smith1
-
202
-
-
9744270300
-
-
Garden City, NY, Doubleday, Doran
-
W.C. Willoughby, Soul of the Bantu (Garden City, NY, Doubleday, Doran, 1928), pp. 179, 224, 258-259.
-
(1928)
Soul of the Bantu
, pp. 179
-
-
Willoughby, W.C.1
-
204
-
-
9744228289
-
-
W. Lye (ed), Cape Town, A.A. Balkema
-
A. Smith, in W. Lye (ed), Andrew Smith's Journal (Cape Town, A.A. Balkema, 1975), pp. 173.
-
(1975)
Andrew Smith's Journal
, pp. 173
-
-
Smith, A.1
-
212
-
-
0003676748
-
-
London, Oxford University Press for the International African Institute
-
On mafisa relationships in Botswana, see I. Schapera, A Handbook of Tswana Law and Custom, 2nd edn (London, Oxford University Press for the International African Institute, 1955), pp. 246-247.
-
(1955)
A Handbook of Tswana Law and Custom, 2nd Edn
, pp. 246-247
-
-
Schapera, I.1
-
217
-
-
9744282243
-
-
Cape Town Archives Repository [CTAR] Bechuanaland Crown Colony [BCC] 118 R. Price, 28 September 1887
-
Cape Town Archives Repository [CTAR] Bechuanaland Crown Colony [BCC] 118 R. Price, 28 September 1887.
-
-
-
-
223
-
-
9744283788
-
-
Moffat, Missionary Labours, p. 8. Campbell, Second Journey, 2, p. 167.
-
Second Journey
, vol.2
, pp. 167
-
-
Campbell1
-
227
-
-
9744277852
-
-
Somerville, William Somerville's Narrative, p. 129. However, Lichtenstein, an insightful observer, reported that fields were commonly fenced round. See Travels, 2, p. 409.
-
William Somerville's Narrative
, pp. 129
-
-
Somerville1
-
228
-
-
9744229545
-
-
Somerville, William Somerville's Narrative, p. 129. However, Lichtenstein, an insightful observer, reported that fields were commonly fenced round. See Travels, 2, p. 409.
-
Travels
, vol.2
, pp. 409
-
-
-
229
-
-
9744237606
-
-
Burchell, Travels in the Interior, 1, p. 242. Here he is generalising about various 'wandering African nations' encountered in his travels, including the Tlhaping. See also Travels in the Interior, 2, p. 362.
-
Travels in the Interior
, vol.1
, pp. 242
-
-
Burchell1
-
230
-
-
9744233273
-
-
Burchell, Travels in the Interior, 1, p. 242. Here he is generalising about various 'wandering African nations' encountered in his travels, including the Tlhaping. See also Travels in the Interior, 2, p. 362.
-
Travels in the Interior
, vol.2
, pp. 362
-
-
-
231
-
-
84922860777
-
-
Fritsch, Drei Jahre, pp. 262,266; Smith, Journal, pp. 183-184. Not all settlements were near water. Campbell, Travels, p. 203; R. Moffat, Apprenticeship, p. 12.
-
Drei Jahre
, pp. 262
-
-
Fritsch1
-
232
-
-
9744279362
-
-
Fritsch, Drei Jahre, pp. 262,266; Smith, Journal, pp. 183-184. Not all settlements were near water. Campbell, Travels, p. 203; R. Moffat, Apprenticeship, p. 12.
-
Journal
, pp. 183-184
-
-
Smith1
-
233
-
-
84927084074
-
-
Fritsch, Drei Jahre, pp. 262,266; Smith, Journal, pp. 183-184. Not all settlements were near water. Campbell, Travels, p. 203; R. Moffat, Apprenticeship, p. 12.
-
Travels
, pp. 203
-
-
Campbell1
-
234
-
-
7644239381
-
-
Fritsch, Drei Jahre, pp. 262,266; Smith, Journal, pp. 183-184. Not all settlements were near water. Campbell, Travels, p. 203; R. Moffat, Apprenticeship, p. 12.
-
Apprenticeship
, pp. 12
-
-
Moffat, R.1
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237
-
-
9744261308
-
-
Somerville, William Somerville's Narrative, pp. 135-136; Campbell, Second Journey, 1, p. 248.
-
Second Journey
, vol.1
, pp. 248
-
-
Campbell1
-
238
-
-
9744277853
-
-
note
-
LMS Box 14, Moffat, 3 February 1834. A missionary to the Griqua concurred, contrasting 'squandering' among the Griqua with Tswana prudence and successful adaptation to the dry environment. LMS Box 14, Wright at Griquatown, 25 January 1834, 19 June 1834, 25 September 1835.
-
-
-
-
240
-
-
9744234006
-
-
Lichtenstein, Travels, 2, p. 375; About the Bechuanas, p. 80.
-
Travels
, vol.2
, pp. 375
-
-
Lichtenstein1
-
241
-
-
9744231744
-
-
Lichtenstein, Travels, 2, p. 375; About the Bechuanas, p. 80.
-
About the Bechuanas
, pp. 80
-
-
-
242
-
-
84953112169
-
Die Tlhaping en die Eerste Sendelinge, 1801-1806
-
J. Du Bruyn, 'Die Tlhaping en die Eerste Sendelinge, 1801-1806', South African Historical Journal, 14 (1982), pp. 9-34.
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(1982)
South African Historical Journal
, vol.14
, pp. 9-34
-
-
Du Bruyn, J.1
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246
-
-
9744251900
-
-
Barrow, A Voyage, p. 394. Somerville, William Somerville's Narrative, p. 129.
-
A Voyage
, pp. 394
-
-
Barrow1
-
249
-
-
7644239381
-
-
Somerville, William Somerville's Narrative, pp. 129, 139; M. Moffat, Apprenticeship, p. 108; Philip, Missionary Labours, p. 117.
-
Apprenticeship
, pp. 108
-
-
Moffat, M.1
-
250
-
-
9744238373
-
-
Somerville, William Somerville's Narrative, pp. 129, 139; M. Moffat, Apprenticeship, p. 108; Philip, Missionary Labours, p. 117.
-
Missionary Labours
, pp. 117
-
-
Philip1
-
252
-
-
0024899158
-
-
Moffat, Missionary Labours, pp. 330-331. See also Burchell, Travels in the Interior, 2, pp. 218, 361. On Moffat's environmental thought, see R. Grove, 'Scottish Missionaries, Evangelical Discourses and the Origins of Conservation Thinking in Southern Africa 1820-1900', Journal of Southern African Studies, 15, 2 (1989), pp. 163-187.
-
Missionary Labours
, pp. 330-331
-
-
Moffat1
-
253
-
-
0024899158
-
-
Moffat, Missionary Labours, pp. 330-331. See also Burchell, Travels in the Interior, 2, pp. 218, 361. On Moffat's environmental thought, see R. Grove, 'Scottish Missionaries, Evangelical Discourses and the Origins of Conservation Thinking in Southern Africa 1820-1900', Journal of Southern African Studies, 15, 2 (1989), pp. 163-187.
-
Travels in the Interior
, vol.2
, pp. 218
-
-
Burchell1
-
254
-
-
0024899158
-
Scottish Missionaries, Evangelical Discourses and the Origins of Conservation Thinking in Southern Africa 1820-1900
-
Moffat, Missionary Labours, pp. 330-331. See also Burchell, Travels in the Interior, 2, pp. 218, 361. On Moffat's environmental thought, see R. Grove, 'Scottish Missionaries, Evangelical Discourses and the Origins of Conservation Thinking in Southern Africa 1820-1900', Journal of Southern African Studies, 15, 2 (1989), pp. 163-187.
-
(1989)
Journal of Southern African Studies
, vol.15
, Issue.2
, pp. 163-187
-
-
Grove, R.1
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258
-
-
9744277852
-
-
Somerville, William Somerville's Narrative, p. 139. Descriptions of African cultivators 'scratching' at the surface have been interpreted as European prejudices about Africans' use of, and place in, their environment. M. L. Pratt, 'Scratches on the Face of the Country; or what Mr. Barrow Saw in the Land of the Bushmen', Critical Inquiry, 12 (Autumn 1985), pp. 119-143. However, they also yield evidence of how people actually used the land.
-
William Somerville's Narrative
, pp. 139
-
-
Somerville1
-
259
-
-
0000228812
-
Scratches on the Face of the Country; or what Mr. Barrow Saw in the Land of the Bushmen
-
Autumn
-
Somerville, William Somerville's Narrative, p. 139. Descriptions of African cultivators 'scratching' at the surface have been interpreted as European prejudices about Africans' use of, and place in, their environment. M. L. Pratt, 'Scratches on the Face of the Country; or what Mr. Barrow Saw in the Land of the Bushmen', Critical Inquiry, 12 (Autumn 1985), pp. 119-143. However, they also yield evidence of how people actually used the land.
-
(1985)
Critical Inquiry
, vol.12
, pp. 119-143
-
-
Pratt, M.L.1
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260
-
-
9744251900
-
-
Barrow, A Voyage, p. 394; Burchell, Travels in the Interior, 2, p. 413; Campbell, Second Journey, 2, pp. 215-216.
-
A Voyage
, pp. 394
-
-
Barrow1
-
261
-
-
9744260612
-
-
Barrow, A Voyage, p. 394; Burchell, Travels in the Interior, 2, p. 413; Campbell, Second Journey, 2, pp. 215-216.
-
Travels in the Interior
, vol.2
, pp. 413
-
-
Burchell1
-
262
-
-
9744221478
-
-
Barrow, A Voyage, p. 394; Burchell, Travels in the Interior, 2, p. 413; Campbell, Second Journey, 2, pp. 215-216.
-
Second Journey
, vol.2
, pp. 215-216
-
-
Campbell1
-
264
-
-
0040674147
-
-
Breslau, Ferdinand Hirt
-
G. Fritsch, Die Eingeborenen Süd-Afrikas (Breslau, Ferdinand Hirt, 1872), p. 188; H. Methuen, Life in the Wilderness; or Wanderings in South Africa (London, Richard Bentler, 1846), p. 107; LMS Box 11, Moffat, 12 September 1828.
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(1872)
Die Eingeborenen Süd-Afrikas
, pp. 188
-
-
Fritsch, G.1
-
265
-
-
9744273540
-
-
London, Richard Bentler, LMS Box 11, Moffat, 12 September 1828
-
G. Fritsch, Die Eingeborenen Süd-Afrikas (Breslau, Ferdinand Hirt, 1872), p. 188; H. Methuen, Life in the Wilderness; or Wanderings in South Africa (London, Richard Bentler, 1846), p. 107; LMS Box 11, Moffat, 12 September 1828.
-
(1846)
Life in the Wilderness; or Wanderings in South Africa
, pp. 107
-
-
Methuen, H.1
-
267
-
-
9744251900
-
-
Burchell, Travels in the Interior, 2, p. 366; Barrow, A Voyage, pp. 392, 394.
-
A Voyage
, pp. 392
-
-
Barrow1
-
268
-
-
84943751186
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"Beasts of Burden": The Subordination of Southern Tswana Women, c1800-1840
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M. Kinsman, "'Beasts of Burden": The Subordination of Southern Tswana Women, c1800-1840', Journal of Southern African Studies, 10, 1 (1983), p. 53. On communal ownership, see I. Schapera, Native Land Tenure in the Bechuanaland Protectorate (Alice, Lovedale, 1943), p. 57. However, evidence from the Tlhaping does not suggest strong communalism. See Borcherds, An AutoBiographical Memoir, p. 130; Burchell, Travels in the Interior, 2, p. 366; A.A. Anderson, Twenty Five Years in a Waggon, p. 81.
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(1983)
Journal of Southern African Studies
, vol.10
, Issue.1
, pp. 53
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Kinsman, M.1
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269
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84943751186
-
-
Alice, Lovedale
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M. Kinsman, "'Beasts of Burden": The Subordination of Southern Tswana Women, c1800-1840', Journal of Southern African Studies, 10, 1 (1983), p. 53. On communal ownership, see I. Schapera, Native Land Tenure in the Bechuanaland Protectorate (Alice, Lovedale, 1943), p. 57. However, evidence from the Tlhaping does not suggest strong communalism. See Borcherds, An AutoBiographical Memoir, p. 130; Burchell, Travels in the Interior, 2, p. 366; A.A. Anderson, Twenty Five Years in a Waggon, p. 81.
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(1943)
Native Land Tenure in the Bechuanaland Protectorate
, pp. 57
-
-
Schapera, I.1
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270
-
-
84943751186
-
-
M. Kinsman, "'Beasts of Burden": The Subordination of Southern Tswana Women, c1800-1840', Journal of Southern African Studies, 10, 1 (1983), p. 53. On communal ownership, see I. Schapera, Native Land Tenure in the Bechuanaland Protectorate (Alice, Lovedale, 1943), p. 57. However, evidence from the Tlhaping does not suggest strong communalism. See Borcherds, An AutoBiographical Memoir, p. 130; Burchell, Travels in the Interior, 2, p. 366; A.A. Anderson, Twenty Five Years in a Waggon, p. 81.
-
An AutoBiographical Memoir
, pp. 130
-
-
Borcherds1
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271
-
-
84943751186
-
-
M. Kinsman, "'Beasts of Burden": The Subordination of Southern Tswana Women, c1800-1840', Journal of Southern African Studies, 10, 1 (1983), p. 53. On communal ownership, see I. Schapera, Native Land Tenure in the Bechuanaland Protectorate (Alice, Lovedale, 1943), p. 57. However, evidence from the Tlhaping does not suggest strong communalism. See Borcherds, An AutoBiographical Memoir, p. 130; Burchell, Travels in the Interior, 2, p. 366; A.A. Anderson, Twenty Five Years in a Waggon, p. 81.
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Travels in the Interior
, vol.2
, pp. 366
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Burchell1
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272
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84943751186
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M. Kinsman, "'Beasts of Burden": The Subordination of Southern Tswana Women, c1800-1840', Journal of Southern African Studies, 10, 1 (1983), p. 53. On communal ownership, see I. Schapera, Native Land Tenure in the Bechuanaland Protectorate (Alice, Lovedale, 1943), p. 57. However, evidence from the Tlhaping does not suggest strong communalism. See Borcherds, An AutoBiographical Memoir, p. 130; Burchell, Travels in the Interior, 2, p. 366; A.A. Anderson, Twenty Five Years in a Waggon, p. 81.
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Twenty Five Years in a Waggon
, pp. 81
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Anderson, A.A.1
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J. Comaroff and J. L. Comaroff, Of Revelation, 1, pp. 126-152. J. Comaroff, Body of Power, pp. 46-49.
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0344399337
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"Beasts of Burden" Revisited: Interpretations of Women and Gender in Southern African Societies
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R.W. Harms, J.C. Miller, D.S. Newbury and M.D. Wagner (eds), Atlanta, African Studies Association
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I. Berger, "'Beasts of Burden" Revisited: Interpretations of Women and Gender in Southern African Societies', in R.W. Harms, J.C. Miller, D.S. Newbury and M.D. Wagner (eds), Paths Toward the Past: African Historical Essays in Honor of Jan Vansina (Atlanta, African Studies Association, 1994), pp. 123-141.
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Paths Toward the Past: African Historical Essays in Honor of Jan Vansina
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Berger, I.1
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276
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0003443873
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PhD dissertation, UCLA
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G. Okihiro, 'Hunters, Herders, Cultivators, and Traders: Interactions and Change in the Kgalagadi in the Nineteenth Century', PhD dissertation, UCLA, 1976, pp. 79-80.
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(1976)
Hunters, Herders, Cultivators, and Traders: Interactions and Change in the Kgalagadi in the Nineteenth Century
, pp. 79-80
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Okihiro, G.1
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0040080590
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Borcherds, An AutoBiographical Memoir, p. 128; Somerville, William Somerville's Narrative, p. 129. 171 Somerville, William Somerville's Narrative, p. 126.
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An AutoBiographical Memoir
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-
Borcherds1
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278
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9744277852
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Borcherds, An AutoBiographical Memoir, p. 128; Somerville, William Somerville's Narrative, p. 129. 171 Somerville, William Somerville's Narrative, p. 126.
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William Somerville's Narrative
, pp. 129
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Somerville1
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279
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9744277852
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Borcherds, An AutoBiographical Memoir, p. 128; Somerville, William Somerville's Narrative, p. 129. 171 Somerville, William Somerville's Narrative, p. 126.
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William Somerville's Narrative
, pp. 126
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Somerville1
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281
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9744222223
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Mission to the Bechuanas
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Anon. 1831, 'Mission to the Bechuanas', South African Christian Recorder, (March 1831), p. 23.
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South African Christian Recorder
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285
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9744228288
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Moffat, Missionary Labours, pp. 8-9; Smith, Diary, 1, p. 296.
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, vol.1
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Smith1
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286
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Analysing Pre-Capitalist Societies in Southern Africa
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J. Guy, 'Analysing Pre-Capitalist Societies in Southern Africa', Journal of Southern African Studies, 14, 1 (1987), p. 21.
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Berger, "'Beasts of Burden'", pp. 125-126, J.L. Comaroff and J. Comaroff, Of Revelation, 2, pp. 129-131.
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, pp. 125-126
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Berger1
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298
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9744230982
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Berger, "'Beasts of Burden'", pp. 125-126, J.L. Comaroff and J. Comaroff, Of Revelation, 2, pp. 129-131.
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, pp. 129-131
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Somerville, William Somerville's Narrative, p. 122; Burchell, Travels in the Interior, 2, p. 398.
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Burchell1
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0003387295
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J.L. Comaroff (ed), London, Academic
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On different approaches to the significance of bridewealth, see J.L. Comaroff, 'Introduction', in J.L. Comaroff (ed), The Meaning of Marriage Payments (London, Academic, 1980), pp. 1-47.
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The Meaning of Marriage Payments
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