The organic geochemistry of jet: Pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (py-GCMS) applied to identifying jet and similar black lithic materials-preliminary results

Journal of Archaeological Science

Volumn 26, Issue 8, 1999, Pages 923-933

  Watts, S ^a   Pollard, A M ^a   Wolff, G A ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF BRADFORD   (United Kingdom)

^b UNIVERSITY OF LIVERPOOL   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Cannel coal; Jet; Kimmeridge; Lignite; Pyrolysis gas chromatography mass spectrometry; Torbanite; Whitby

Indexed keywords

GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY; GEOCHEMISTRY; JET; MASS SPECTROMETRY; PYROLYSIS;

EID: 0032748714     PISSN: 03054403     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1006/jasc.1999.0401     Document Type: Article

References (24)

1. Allason-Jones L., Jones J. M. Jet and other materials in Roman artefact studies. Archaeologia Aeliana 5 Ser. 22:1994;263-272.
2. Davis M. The identification of various jet and jet-like materials used in the Early Bronze Age in Scotland. The Conservator. 17:1993;11-17.
3. Douglas A. G., Hall P. B., Solli I. Comparative organic geochemistry of some European oil shales. (F. P. Miknis, J. F. McKay. Geochemistry and Chemistry of Oil Shales. ACS Symposium Series No. 230. 1983;59-84 American Chemical Society, Washington, D.C.
4. Durand B. Kerogen. Insoluble Organic Matter from Sedimentary Rocks. 1980;Edition Technip, Paris:
5. Faix O., Meier D., Fortmann I. Thermal degradation products of wood; a collection of electron-impact mass spectra of monomeric lignin derived products. Holz als Roh- und Werkstoff. 48:1990;351-354.
6. Harwood R. J. Oil and gas generation by laboratory pyrolysis of kerogen. American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin. 61:1977;2082-2102.
7. Horsfield B. Pyrolysis studies and petroleum exploration. (J. Brooks, D. Welte. Advances in Petroleum Geochemistry. 1984;248-298 Academic Press Inc. London.
8. Hunter F. J., McDonnell J. G., Pollard A. M., Morris C. R., Rowlands C. C. The scientific identification of archaeological jet-like artefacts. Archaeometry. 35:1993;69-89.
9. Killops S. D., Killops V. J. An Introduction to Organic Geochemistry. 1993;Longman Scientific and Technical, Harlow, Essex.
10. Lambert J. B., Frye J. S., Jurkiewicz A. The provenance and coal rank of jet by carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Archaeometry. 34:1992;121-128.
11. Larter S. R. Application of analytical pyrolysis techniques to kerogen characterization and fossil fuel exploration/exploitation. K. J. Voorhees. Analytical Pyrolysis: Techniques and Applications. 1984;212-275 Butterworths, London.
12. Larter S. R., Horsfield B. Determination of structural components of kerogens by the use of analytical pyrolysis methods. M. H. Engel, S. A. Macko. Organic Geochemistry; Principles and Applications. 1993;271-287 Plenum Press, New York:
13. Nip M., de Leeuw J. W., Schenck P. A. Structural characterization of coals, coal macerals and their precursors by pyrolysis-gas chromatography and pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. J. A. Moulijn. Proceedings of the 1987 International Conference on Coal Science. 1987;89-92 Elsevier Science Publishers B.V. Amsterdam:
14. Pollard A. M., Bussell G. D., Baird D. C. The analytical investigation of Early Bronze Age jet and jet-like material from the Devizes Museum. Archaeometry. 23:1981;139-167.
15. Philp R. P. Biological markers in fossil fuel production. E. A. Beaumont, N. H. Foster. Geochemistry; Treatise of Petroleum Geology. 1988;337-390 The American Association of Petroleum Geologists, Oklahoma.
16. Philp R. P., Russell N. J., Gilbert T. D., Friedrich J. M. Characterization of Victorian soft brown coal wood by microscopic techniques and Curie-point pyrolysis combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis. 4:1982;143-161.
17. Sales K. D., Oduwole J., Convert J., Robins G. V. Identification of jet and related black materials with ESR spectroscopy. Archaeometry. 29:1987;103-109.
18. Sinninghe-Damsté J. S., Rijpstra W. I. C., De Leeuw J. W., Schenck P. A. The occurrence and identification of series of organic sulfur compounds in oils and sediment extracts: II. Their presence in samples from hypersaline and non-hypersaline palaeoenvironments and possible source, palaeoenvironmental and maturity indicators. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta. 53:1989;1323-1341.
19. Smith A. H. V., Owens B. The Caergwrle Bowl: its composition, geological source and archaeological significance - an addendum. Institute of Geological Sciences Report. 83:1983;24-27.
20. Teichmüller M. Organic petrology in the service of archaeology. International Journal of Coal Geology. 20:1992;1-21.
21. Tissot B. P., Welte D. H. Petroleum Formation and Occurrence. 1984;Springer-Verlag, Berlin:
22. Watts, S. 1996, The geochemical characterisation of jet and jet-like objects in archaeology. University of Bradford, U. K.
23. Watts S., Pollard A. M. Methods of analysis for the identification of archaeological jet and jet-like materials. S. Demirci, A. M. Özer, Summers. Archaeometry 94: the Proceedings of the 29th International Archaeometry Conference, Ankara 9-14 May 1994. 1996;101-108 Tubitak, Ankara.
24. Watts S., Pollard A. M., Wolff G. A. Kimmeridge jet: a potential new source for British jet. Archaeometry. 39:1997;125-143.