Phylogenetic relationships of filamentous sulfur bacteria (Thiothrix spp. and Eikelboom type 021N bacteria) isolated from wastewater-treatment plants and description of Thiothrix eikelboomii sp. nov., Thiothrix unzii sp. nov., Thiothrix fructosivorans sp. nov. and Thiothrix defluvii sp. nov.

International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology

Volumn 49, Issue 4, 1999, Pages 1817-1827

  Howarth, Richard ^a   Unz, Richard F ^d   Seviour, Elizabeth M ^e   Seviour, Robert J ^e   Blackall, Linda L ^f   Pickup, Roger W ^b   Jones, J Gwyn ^c   Yaguchi, Junichi ^g   Head, Ian M ^a  

^a NEWCASTLE UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

^b CENTRE FOR ECOLOGY AND HYDROLOGY   (United Kingdom)

^c FRESHWATER BIOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION   (United Kingdom)

^d The Pennsylvania State University   (United States)

^e LA TROBE UNIVERSITY   (Australia)

^f UNIVERSITY OF QUEENSLAND   (Australia)

^g Nishihara Environ Sanitation R   (Japan)

Author keywords

Eikelboom type 021N; Filamentous sulfur bacteria; Leucothrix mucor; Thiothrix

Indexed keywords

RIBOSOME RNA;

ARTICLE; BACTERIUM IDENTIFICATION; BACTERIUM ISOLATION; NONHUMAN; NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCE; PHYLOGENY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SEQUENCE ANALYSIS; SULFUR BACTERIUM; WASTE WATER MANAGEMENT;

EIKELBOOM; THIOTHRIX DEFLUVII; THIOTHRIX EIKELBOOMII; THIOTHRIX FRUCTOSIVORANS; THIOTHRIX UNZII;

EID: 0032748483     PISSN: 00207713     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1099/00207713-49-4-1817     Document Type: Article

References (59)

1. Blackall, L. L. (1994). Molecular identification of activated sludge foaming bacteria. Water Sci Technol 29, 35-42.
2. Brigmon, R. L., Martin, H. W., Morris, T. L., Bitton, G. & Zam, S. G. (1994a). Biogeochemical ecology of Thiothrix spp. in underwater limestone caves. Geomicrobiol J 12, 141-159.
3. Brigmon, R. L., Bitton, G., Zam, S. G., Martin, H. W. & O'Brien, B. (1994b). Identification, enrichment, and isolation of Thiothrix spp. from environmental samples. Curr Microbiol 28, 243-246.
4. Brigmon, R. L., Bitton, G., Zam, S. G. & O'Brien, B. (1995). Development and application of a monoclonal antibody against Thiothrix spp. Appl Environ Microbiol 61, 13-20.
5. Brock, T. D. (1974). Family IV. Leucotrichaceae Buchanan 1957. In Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, 8th edn, pp. 118-119. Edited by R. E. Buchanan & N. E. Gibbons. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins.
6. Brock, T. D. (1989). Genus Leucothrix Oersted 1844. In Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, vol. 3, pp. 2121-2124 . Edited by J. T. Staley, M. P. Bryant, N. Pfennig & J. G. Holt. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins.
7. Brock, T. D. (1992). The genus Leucothrix. In The Prokaryotes, 2nd edn, pp. 3247-3255. Edited by A. Balows, H. G. Trüper, M. Dworkin, W. Harder & K. H. Schleifer. New York : Fischer.
8. Cyrus, Z. & Sladká, A. (1970). Several interesting organisms present in activated sludge. Hydrobiologia 35, 383-396.
9. Don, R. H., Cox, P. T., Wainwright, B. J., Baker, K. & Mattick, J. S. (1991). 'Touchdown' PCR to circumvent spurious priming during gene amplification. Nucleic Acids Res 19, 4008.
10. Dul'tseva, N. M. & Dubinina, G. A. (1994). Thiothrix arctophila sp. nov. - a new species of filamentous colorless sulfur bacteria. Microbiology (English translation of Mikrobiologiya) 63, 147-153.
11. Dul'tseva, N. M., Dubinina, G. A. & Lysenko, A. M. (1996). Isolation of marine filamentous sulfur bacteria and description of the new species Leucothrix thiophila sp. nov. Microbiology (English translation of Mikrobiologiya) 65, 79-87.
12. Edwards, U., Rogall, T., Blöcker, H., Emde, M. & Böttger, E. C. (1989). Isolation and direct complete nucleotide determination of entire genes. Characterization of a gene coding for 16S ribosomal RNA. Nucleic Acids Res 17, 7843-7853.
13. Eikelboom, D. H. (1975). Filamentous organisms observed in activated sludge. Water Res 9, 365-388.
14. Farquhar, G. J. & Boyle, W. C. (1971). Occurrence of filamentous microorganisms in activated sludge. J Water Pollut Control Fed 43, 779-798.
15. Felsenstein, J. (1981). Evolutionary trees from DNA sequences : a maximum likelihood approach. J Mol Evol 17, 368-376.
16. Felsenstein, J. (1989). PHYLIP - phylogeny inference package. Cladistics 5, 164-166.
17. Ford, H. W. & Tucker, D. P. H. (1975). Blockage of drip irrigation filters and emitters by iron-sulfur-bacterial products. Horticult Sci 10, 62-64.
18. Fox, G. E., Wisotzkey, J. D. & Jurtshuk, P., Jr (1992). How close is close: 16S rRNA sequence identity may not be sufficient to guarantee species identity. Int J Syst Bacteriol 42, 166-170.
19. Harold, R. & Stanier, R. Y. (1955). The genera Leucothrix and Thiothrix. Bacteriol Rev 19, 49-64.
20. Head, I. M., Gray, N. D., Clarke, K. J., Pickup, R. W. & Jones, J. G. (1996). The phylogenetic position and ultrastructure of the uncultured bacterium Achromatium oxaliferum. Microbiology 142, 2341-2354.
21. Howarth, R., Head, I. M. & Unz, R. F. (1998). Phylogenetic assessment of five filamentous bacteria isolated from bulking activated sludges. Water Sci Technol 37, 303-306.
22. Hudson, R., Williams, C., Seviour, R. J. & Soddell, J. A. (1994). Variation in phenotypic characters of type 021N from activated sludge systems. Water Sci Technol 29, 143-147.
23. Jones, J. G., Jay, F. M. S. & Hilton, J. (1982). A note on the growth of Thiothrix in road drainage ditches. J Appl Bacteriol 53, 427-430.
24. Jukes, T. H. & Cantor, C. R. (1969). Evolution of protein molecules. In Mammalian Protein Metabolism, pp. 21-132. Edited by H. N. Munro. New York: Academic Press.
25. Kanagawa, T., Kamagata, Y., Yamada, K. & Kohno, T. (1998). Phylogenetic analysis of type 021N strains isolated from bulking sludges. In Microbial Community and Functions in Wastewater Treatment Processes, pp. 151-160. Tokyo.
26. Kohno, T. (1988). Morphology, physiology and nutrition of a sulphur-oxidizing filamentous organism isolated from activated sludge Water Sci Technol 20, 241-247.
27. Lane, D. J., Harrison, A. P., Jr, Stahl, D., Pace, B., Giovannoni, S. J., Olsen, G. J. & Pace, N. R. (1992). Evolutionary relationships among sulfur- and iron-oxidizing eubacteria. J Bacteriol 174, 269-278.
28. Larkin, J. M. (1989). Genus II. Thiothrix Winogradsky 1888. In Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, vol. 3, pp. 2098-2101. Edited by J. P. Staley, M. P. Bryant, N. Pfennig & J. G. Holt. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins.
29. Larkin, J. M. & Shinabarger, D. L. (1983). Characterization of Thiothrix nivea. Int J Syst Bacteriol 33, 841-846.
30. Larkin, J. M. & Strohl, W. R. (1983). Beggiatoa, Thiothrix, and Thioploca. Annu Rev Microbiol 37, 341-367.
31. Ludwig, W., Rosselló-Mora, R., Aznar, R. and 14 other authors (1995). Comparative sequence analysis of 23S rRNA from Proteobacteria. Syst Appl Microbiol 18, 164-188.
32. 3- fixation by naturally occurring tufts and pure cultures of Thiothrix nivea. Appl Environ Microbiol 56, 730-738.
33. Maidak, B. L., Larsen, N., McCaughey, M. J., Overbeek, R., Olsen, G. J., Fogel, K., Blandy, J. & Woese, C. R. (1994). The Ribosomal Database Project. Nucleic Acids Res 22, 3485-3487.
34. Nielsen, P. H., Andreasen, K., Wagner, M., Blackall, L. L., Lemmer, H. & Seviour, R. J. (1998). Variability of type 021N in activated sludge as determined by in situ substrate uptake pattern and in situ hybridization with fluorescent rRNA targeted probes. Water Sci Technol 37, 423-440.
35. Odintsova, E. V. & Dubinina, G. A. (1990). A new colorless filamentous sulfur bacterium Thiothrix ramosa nov. sp. Microbiology (English translation of Mikrobiologiya) 59, 437-445.
36. Odintsova, E. V., Wood, A. P. & Kelly, D. P. (1993). Chemolithoautotrophic growth of Thiothrix ramosa. Arch Microbiol 160, 152-157.
37. Olsen, G. J., Matsuda, H., Hagstrom, R. & Overbeek, R. (1994). fastDNAml: a tool for construction of phylogenetic trees of DNA sequences using maximum likelihood. Comput Appl Biosci 10, 41-48.
38. Pernelle, J.-J., Cotteux, E. & Duchene, P. (1997). Effectiveness of oligonucleotide probes targeted against Thiothrix nivea and type 021N 16S rRNA for in situ identification and population monitoring of activated sludges. In Proceedings of the 2nd International Meeting an Microorganisms in Activated Sludge and Biofilm Processes, pp. 263-271. Edited by D. Jenkins & S. W. Hermanowicz. Berkeley, CA: IAWQ.
39. Polz, M. F., Odintsova, E. V. & Cavanaugh, C. M. (1996). Phylogenetic relationships of the filamentous sulfur bacterium Thiothrix ramosa based on 16S rRNA sequence analysis. Int J Syst Bacteriol 46, 94-97.
40. Pringsheim, E. G. (1957). Observations on Leucothrix mucor and Leucothrix cohaerens nov. sp. Bacteriol Rev 21, 69-76.
41. Reichenbach, H. & Dworkin, M. (1981). Introduction to the gliding bacteria. In The Prokaryotes, pp. 315-327. Edited by M. P. Starr, H. Stolp, H. G. Trüper, A. Balows & H. G. Schlegel. New York: Fischer.
42. Richard, M. G., Shimizu, G. P. & Jenkins, D. (1985). The growth physiology of the filamentous organism type 021N and its significance to activated sludge bulking. J Water Pollut Control Fed 57, 1152-1162.
43. Saitou, N. & Nei, M. (1987). The neighbor-joining method : a new method for reconstructing phylogenetic trees. Mol Biol Evol 4, 406-425.
44. Shuttleworth, K. L. & Unz, R. F. (1991). Influence of metals and metal speciation on the growth of filamentous bacteria. Water Res 25, 1177-1186.
45. Shuttleworth, K. L. & Unz, R. F. (1993). Sorption of heavy metals to the filamentous bacterium Thiothrix strain A1. Appl Environ Microbiol 59, 1274-1282.
46. Skerman, V. B. D., McGowan, V. & Sneath, P. H. A. (1980). Approved lists of bacterial names. Int J Syst Bacteriol 30, 225-420.
47. Smith, S. W., Overbeek, R., Woese, C. R., Gilbert, W. & Gillevet, P. M. (1994). The genetic data environment an expandable GUI for multiple sequence analysis. Comput Appl Biosci 10, 671-675.
48. Stackebrandt, E. & Goebel, B. M. (1994). Taxonomic note: a place for DNA-DNA reassociation and 16S rRNA sequence analysis in the present species definition in bacteriology. Int J Syst Bacteriol 44, 846-849.
49. Tandoi, V., Caravaglio, N., Di Dio Balsamo, D., Majone, M. & Tomei, M. C. (1994). Isolation and physiological characterization of Thiothrix sp. Water Sci Technol 29, 261-269.
50. Teske, A., Ramsing, N. B., Küver, J. & Fossing, H. (1996). Phylogeny of Thioploca and related filamentous sulfide-oxidizing bacteria. Syst Appl Microbiol 18, 517-526.
51. Unz, R. F. & Williams, T. M. (1989). Substrate utilization by filamentous sulfur bacteria of activated sludge. In Recent Advances in Microbial Ecology: Proceedings of the 5th International Symposium on Microbial Ecology, pp. 412-416. Edited by T. Hattori, Y. Ishida, Y. Maruyama, R. Y. Morita & A. Uchida. Tokyo: Japan Scientific Societies Press.
52. Van de Peer, Y. & De Wachter, R. (1994). TREECON for Windows : a software package for the construction and drawing of evolutionary trees for the Microsoft Windows environment. Comput Appl Biosci 10, 569-570.
53. Wagner, M., Amann, R., Kämpfer, P., Assmus, B., Hartmann, A., Hutzler, P., Springer, N. & Schleifer, K.-H. (1994). Identification and in situ detection of Gram-negative filamentous bacteria in activated sludge. Syst Appl Microbiol 17, 405-417.
54. Williams, T. M. & Unz, R. F. (1985a). Filamentous sulfur bacteria of activated sludge : characterization of Thiothrix, Beggiatoa, and Eikelboom type 021N strains. Appl Environ Microbiol 49, 887-898.
55. Williams, T. M. & Unz, R. F. (1985b). Isolation and characterization of filamentous bacteria present in bulking activated sludge. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 22, 273-282.
56. Williams, T. M. & Unz, R. F. (1989). The nutrition of Thiothrix, type 021N, Beggiatoa and Leucothrix strains. Water Res 23, 15-22.
57. Williams, T. M., Unz, R. F. & Doman, J. T. (1987). Ultrastructure of Thiothrix spp. and 'type 021N' bacteria. Appl Environ Microbiol 53, 1560-1570.
58. Woese, C. R. (1987). Bacterial evolution. Microbiol Rev 51, 221-271.
59. Ziegler, M., Lange, M. & Dott, W. (1990). Isolation and morphological and cytological characterization of filamentous bacteria from activated sludge. Water Res 24, 1437-1451.