메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 116, Issue 5, 1999, Pages 1388-1402

Recent advances in pulmonary imaging

Author keywords

CT; Digital imaging; Imaging; Lung; MRI; Positron emission tomgraphy

Indexed keywords

BRONCHIOLITIS; BRONCHOSCOPY; CANCER STAGING; COMPUTER ASSISTED TOMOGRAPHY; DIAGNOSTIC ACCURACY; DIAGNOSTIC IMAGING; FLUOROSCOPY; LUNG ANGIOGRAPHY; LUNG CANCER; LUNG EMBOLISM; LUNG EMPHYSEMA; LUNG FUNCTION TEST; LUNG NODULE; LUNG SCINTISCANNING; MAGNETIC RESONANCE ANGIOGRAPHY; POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY; PREOPERATIVE EVALUATION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; SMALL AIRWAY DISEASE; X RAY FILM;

EID: 0032747308     PISSN: 00123692     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1378/chest.116.5.1388     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (52)

References (52)
  • 1
    • 0025354523 scopus 로고
    • Value of the ventilation/perfusion scan in acute pulmonary embolism: Results of the prospective investigation of pulmonary embolism diagnosis (PIOPED)
    • 1 PIOPED Investigators. Value of the ventilation/perfusion scan in acute pulmonary embolism: results of the prospective investigation of pulmonary embolism diagnosis (PIOPED). JAMA 1990; 263:2753-2759
    • (1990) JAMA , vol.263 , pp. 2753-2759
  • 2
    • 0030664323 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diagnostic usefulness of lung SPET in pulmonary thromboembolism: An outcome study
    • 2 Corbus HF, Seitz JP, Larson RK, et al. Diagnostic usefulness of lung SPET in pulmonary thromboembolism: an outcome study. Nucl Med Commun 1997; 18:879-906
    • (1997) Nucl Med Commun , vol.18 , pp. 879-906
    • Corbus, H.F.1    Seitz, J.P.2    Larson, R.K.3
  • 3
    • 0029026454 scopus 로고
    • Detection of pulmonary embolism in patients with unresolved clinical and scintigraphic diagnosis: Helical CT versus angiography
    • 3 Goodman LR, Curtin JJ, Mewissen MW, et al. Detection of pulmonary embolism in patients with unresolved clinical and scintigraphic diagnosis: helical CT versus angiography. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1995; 164:1369-1374
    • (1995) AJR Am J Roentgenol , vol.164 , pp. 1369-1374
    • Goodman, L.R.1    Curtin, J.J.2    Mewissen, M.W.3
  • 4
    • 0000819895 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diagnosis of peripheral acute pulmonary emboli: Optimization of the spiral CT acquisition protocol
    • 4 Braghaie F, Remy-Jardin MJ, Remy J, et al. Diagnosis of peripheral acute pulmonary emboli: optimization of the spiral CT acquisition protocol [abstract]. Radiology 1998; 209(suppl):299
    • (1998) Radiology , vol.209 , Issue.SUPPL. , pp. 299
    • Braghaie, F.1    Remy-Jardin, M.J.2    Remy, J.3
  • 5
    • 0028830706 scopus 로고
    • Pulmonary embolism: Diagnosis with contrast-enhanced electron-beam CT and comparison with pulmonary angiography
    • 5 Teigen CL, Maus TP, Sheedy PF, et al. Pulmonary embolism: diagnosis with contrast-enhanced electron-beam CT and comparison with pulmonary angiography. Radiology 1995; 194:313-319
    • (1995) Radiology , vol.194 , pp. 313-319
    • Teigen, C.L.1    Maus, T.P.2    Sheedy, P.F.3
  • 6
    • 0029959067 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pulmonary embolism: Validation of spiral CT angiography in 149 patients
    • 6 van Rossum AB, Pattynama PMT, Tjin ER, et al. Pulmonary embolism: validation of spiral CT angiography in 149 patients. Radiology 1996; 201:467-470
    • (1996) Radiology , vol.201 , pp. 467-470
    • Van Rossum, A.B.1    Pattynama, P.M.T.2    Tjin, E.R.3
  • 7
    • 0029831577 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diagnosis of pulmonary embolism with spiral CT: Comparison with pulmonary angiography and scintigraphy
    • 7 Remy-Jardin M, Remy J, Deschildre F, et al. Diagnosis of pulmonary embolism with spiral CT: comparison with pulmonary angiography and scintigraphy. Radiology 1996; 200: 699-706
    • (1996) Radiology , vol.200 , pp. 699-706
    • Remy-Jardin, M.1    Remy, J.2    Deschildre, F.3
  • 8
    • 0030711577 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pulmonary embolism: Prospective comparison of spiral CT with ventilation-perfusion scintigraphy
    • 8 Mayo JR, Remy-Jardin M, Muller NL, et al. Pulmonary embolism: prospective comparison of spiral CT with ventilation-perfusion scintigraphy. Radiology 1997; 205:447-452
    • (1997) Radiology , vol.205 , pp. 447-452
    • Mayo, J.R.1    Remy-Jardin, M.2    Muller, N.L.3
  • 9
    • 0031878546 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pulmonary embolism: Diagnosis with spiral CT and ventilation-perfusion scanning: Correlation with pulmonary angiographic results or clinical outcome
    • 9 Garg K, Welsh CH, Feyerabend AJ, et al. Pulmonary embolism: diagnosis with spiral CT and ventilation-perfusion scanning: correlation with pulmonary angiographic results or clinical outcome. Radiology 1998; 208:201-208
    • (1998) Radiology , vol.208 , pp. 201-208
    • Garg, K.1    Welsh, C.H.2    Feyerabend, A.J.3
  • 11
    • 0030939253 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diagnosis of pulmonary embolism with magnetic resonance angiography
    • 11 Meaney JFM, Weg JG, Chenevert TL, et al. Diagnosis of pulmonary embolism with magnetic resonance angiography. N Engl J Med 1997; 336:1422-1427
    • (1997) N Engl J Med , vol.336 , pp. 1422-1427
    • Meaney, J.F.M.1    Weg, J.G.2    Chenevert, T.L.3
  • 12
    • 0032927120 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acute pulmonary embolism: Diagnosis with MR angiography
    • 12 Gupta A, Frazer CK, Ferguson JM, et al. Acute pulmonary embolism: diagnosis with MR angiography. Radiology 1999; 210:353-359
    • (1999) Radiology , vol.210 , pp. 353-359
    • Gupta, A.1    Frazer, C.K.2    Ferguson, J.M.3
  • 13
    • 0032873341 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pulmonary perfusion: Respiratory-triggered three-dimensional MR imaging with arterial spin tagging - preliminary results in healthy volunteers
    • 13 Roberts DA, Gefter WB, Hirsch JA, et al. Pulmonary perfusion: Respiratory-triggered three-dimensional MR imaging with arterial spin tagging - Preliminary results in healthy volunteers. Radiology 1999; 212:890-895.
    • (1999) Radiology , vol.212 , pp. 890-895
    • Roberts, D.A.1    Gefter, W.B.2    Hirsch, J.A.3
  • 14
    • 0029760132 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pulmonary perfusion: Qualitative assessment with dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI using ultra-short TE and inversion recovery turboFLASH
    • 14 Hatabu H, Gaa J, Kim D, et al. Pulmonary perfusion: Qualitative assessment with dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI using ultra-short TE and inversion recovery turboFLASH. Magn Reson Med 1996; 36:503-508
    • (1996) Magn Reson Med , vol.36 , pp. 503-508
    • Hatabu, H.1    Gaa, J.2    Kim, D.3
  • 15
    • 0028466202 scopus 로고
    • Biological magnetic resonance imaging using laser-polarized 129xe
    • 15 Albert MS, Cates GD, Drlehuys B, et al. Biological magnetic resonance imaging using laser-polarized 129xe. Nature 1994; 370:199-201
    • (1994) Nature , vol.370 , pp. 199-201
    • Albert, M.S.1    Cates, G.D.2    Drlehuys, B.3
  • 16
    • 0029907856 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Noninvasive assessment of regional ventilation in the human lung using oxygen-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging
    • 16 Edelman RR, Hatabu H, Tadamura E, et al. Noninvasive assessment of regional ventilation in the human lung using oxygen-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging. Nat Med 1996; 2:1236-1239
    • (1996) Nat Med , vol.2 , pp. 1236-1239
    • Edelman, R.R.1    Hatabu, H.2    Tadamura, E.3
  • 17
    • 0029682454 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Detection of deep venous thrombosis: Prospective comparison of MRI and sonography
    • 17 Evans AJ, Sostman HD, Witty LA, et al. Detection of deep venous thrombosis: prospective comparison of MRI and sonography. J Magn Reson Imaging 1996; 1:44-51
    • (1996) J Magn Reson Imaging , vol.1 , pp. 44-51
    • Evans, A.J.1    Sostman, H.D.2    Witty, L.A.3
  • 18
    • 0030864176 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lung volume reduction surgery: Comparison of radiologic features and clinical outcome
    • 18 Slone RM, Pilgram TK, Gierada DS, et al. Lung volume reduction surgery: comparison of radiologic features and clinical outcome. Radiology 1997; 204:685-693
    • (1997) Radiology , vol.204 , pp. 685-693
    • Slone, R.M.1    Pilgram, T.K.2    Gierada, D.S.3
  • 19
    • 0033041447 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Preoperative chest radiograph as predictor of outcome in lung volume reduction surgery for advanced emphysema
    • 19 Maki DD, Miller WT Jr, Gefter WB, et al. Preoperative chest radiograph as predictor of outcome in lung volume reduction surgery for advanced emphysema. Radiology 1999; 212: 49-55
    • (1999) Radiology , vol.212 , pp. 49-55
    • Maki, D.D.1    Miller W.T., Jr.2    Gefter, W.B.3
  • 20
    • 0031837174 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Incidental lung carcinoma detected at CT in patients selected for lung volume reduction surgery to treat severe pulmonary emphysema
    • 20 Rozenshtein A, White CS, Austin JH, et al. Incidental lung carcinoma detected at CT in patients selected for lung volume reduction surgery to treat severe pulmonary emphysema. Radiology 1998; 207:487-490
    • (1998) Radiology , vol.207 , pp. 487-490
    • Rozenshtein, A.1    White, C.S.2    Austin, J.H.3
  • 21
    • 0033043753 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quantitation of emphysemma with three-dimensional CT densitometry: Comparison with two-dimensional analysis, visual emphysema scores, and pulmonary function test results
    • 21 Park KJ, Bergin CJ, Clausen JL. Quantitation of emphysemma with three-dimensional CT densitometry: comparison with two-dimensional analysis, visual emphysema scores, and pulmonary function test results. Radiology 1999; 211:541-547
    • (1999) Radiology , vol.211 , pp. 541-547
    • Park, K.J.1    Bergin, C.J.2    Clausen, J.L.3
  • 23
    • 0033057471 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fast magnetic resonance imaging of the lung
    • 23 Hatabu H, Chen Q, Stock KW, et al. Fast magnetic resonance imaging of the lung. Eur J Radiol 1999; 29:114-132
    • (1999) Eur J Radiol , vol.29 , pp. 114-132
    • Hatabu, H.1    Chen, Q.2    Stock, K.W.3
  • 24
    • 0031279317 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessment of the pulmonary structure-function relationship and clinical outcomes measures: Quantitative volumetric CT of the lung
    • 24 Hoffman EA, McLennan G. Assessment of the pulmonary structure-function relationship and clinical outcomes measures: quantitative volumetric CT of the lung. Acad Radiol 1997; 4:758-776
    • (1997) Acad Radiol , vol.4 , pp. 758-776
    • Hoffman, E.A.1    McLennan, G.2
  • 25
    • 0031472729 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Radionuclide imaging in emphysema after lung volume reduction surgery
    • 25 Suga K, Nishigauchi K, Shimizu K, et al. Radionuclide imaging in emphysema after lung volume reduction surgery. Clin Nuc Med 1997; 22:683-686.
    • (1997) Clin Nuc Med , vol.22 , pp. 683-686
    • Suga, K.1    Nishigauchi, K.2    Shimizu, K.3
  • 26
    • 0031031979 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Does 2 years stability imply that pulmonary nodules are benign?
    • 26 Yankelevitz DF, Henschke CI. Does 2 years stability imply that pulmonary nodules are benign? AJR Am J Reoentgenol 1997; 168:325-328
    • (1997) AJR Am J Reoentgenol , vol.168 , pp. 325-328
    • Yankelevitz, D.F.1    Henschke, C.I.2
  • 27
    • 0028830707 scopus 로고
    • Pulmonary nodules: CT evaluation of enhancement with iodinated contrast
    • 27 Swensen SJ, Brown LR, Colby TV, et al. Pulmonary nodules: CT evaluation of enhancement with iodinated contrast. Radiology 1995; 194:393-398
    • (1995) Radiology , vol.194 , pp. 393-398
    • Swensen, S.J.1    Brown, L.R.2    Colby, T.V.3
  • 28
    • 0025200861 scopus 로고
    • Pulmonary masses: Contrast enhancement
    • 28 Littleton JT, Durizch ML, Moeller G, et al. Pulmonary masses: contrast enhancement. Radiology 1990; 177:861-871
    • (1990) Radiology , vol.177 , pp. 861-871
    • Littleton, J.T.1    Durizch, M.L.2    Moeller, G.3
  • 29
    • 0030685099 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Solitary pulmonary nodules: Evaluation of blood flow patterns with dynamic CT
    • 29 Zhang M, Kono M. Solitary pulmonary nodules: evaluation of blood flow patterns with dynamic CT. Radiology 1997; 205: 471-478
    • (1997) Radiology , vol.205 , pp. 471-478
    • Zhang, M.1    Kono, M.2
  • 30
    • 0030854312 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diffuse lung disease: Diagnostic accuracy of CT in patients undergoing surgical biopsy of the lung
    • 30 Swensen SJ, Aughenbaugh GL, Myers J. Diffuse lung disease: diagnostic accuracy of CT in patients undergoing surgical biopsy of the lung. Radiology 1997; 205:229-234
    • (1997) Radiology , vol.205 , pp. 229-234
    • Swensen, S.J.1    Aughenbaugh, G.L.2    Myers, J.3
  • 31
    • 0031809447 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Accuracy of high-resolution CT in diagnosing lung diseases
    • 31 Bonelli FS, Hartman TE, Swensen SJ, et al. Accuracy of high-resolution CT in diagnosing lung diseases. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1998; 170:1507-1512
    • (1998) AJR Am J Roentgenol , vol.170 , pp. 1507-1512
    • Bonelli, F.S.1    Hartman, T.E.2    Swensen, S.J.3
  • 33
    • 0031929003 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High-resolution CT: Can it obviate lung biopsy?
    • 33 Gruden JF, Naidich DP. High-resolution CT: can it obviate lung biopsy? Clin Pulm Med 1998; 5:23-35
    • (1998) Clin Pulm Med , vol.5 , pp. 23-35
    • Gruden, J.F.1    Naidich, D.P.2
  • 34
    • 85030368219 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spiral dynamic imaging of the lungs: Clinical applications
    • March 21-25, 1999, Amelia Island, Florida
    • 34 Goldin J. Spiral dynamic imaging of the lungs: clinical applications. Paper presented at: Thoracic Imaging 1999: Proceedings of the Society of Thoracic Radiology, March 21-25, 1999, Amelia Island, Florida 1999:135-148
    • (1999) Thoracic Imaging 1999: Proceedings of the Society of Thoracic Radiology , pp. 135-148
    • Goldin, J.1
  • 35
    • 85030364996 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CT/HRCT of bronchial and bronchiolar diseases
    • April 18-21, 1999, Tucson, Arizona
    • 35 Swenson SJ. CT/HRCT of bronchial and bronchiolar diseases. Paper presented at: The Fleischner Society 29th Annual Conference on Chest Disease. April 18-21, 1999, Tucson, Arizona 1999:265-271
    • (1999) The Fleischner Society 29th Annual Conference on Chest Disease , pp. 265-271
    • Swenson, S.J.1
  • 36
    • 0028242038 scopus 로고
    • Quantitative computed tomography detects air trapping due to asthma
    • 36 Newman KB, Lynch DA, Newman LS, et al. Quantitative computed tomography detects air trapping due to asthma. Chest 1994; 106:105-109
    • (1994) Chest , vol.106 , pp. 105-109
    • Newman, K.B.1    Lynch, D.A.2    Newman, L.S.3
  • 37
    • 1842377513 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bronchiolitis obliterans after lung transplantation: High-resolution CT findings in 15 patients
    • 37 Worthy SA, Park CS, Kim JS, et al. Bronchiolitis obliterans after lung transplantation: high-resolution CT findings in 15 patients. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1997; 169:673-677
    • (1997) AJR Am J Roentgenol , vol.169 , pp. 673-677
    • Worthy, S.A.1    Park, C.S.2    Kim, J.S.3
  • 38
    • 0031912058 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bronchiolitis obliterans after lung transplantation
    • 38 Leung AN, Fisher K, Valentine V, et al. Bronchiolitis obliterans after lung transplantation. Chest 1998; 113:365-370
    • (1998) Chest , vol.113 , pp. 365-370
    • Leung, A.N.1    Fisher, K.2    Valentine, V.3
  • 40
    • 0032067494 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Virtual bronchoscopy for directing transbronchial needle aspiration of hilar and mediastinal lymph nodes: A pilot study
    • 40 McAdams HP, Goodman PC, Kussin P. Virtual bronchoscopy for directing transbronchial needle aspiration of hilar and mediastinal lymph nodes: a pilot study. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1998; 170:1361-1364
    • (1998) AJR Am J Roentgenol , vol.170 , pp. 1361-1364
    • McAdams, H.P.1    Goodman, P.C.2    Kussin, P.3
  • 41
    • 84974526353 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Techniques and applications of multi-detector row CT in the thorax
    • March 21-25, 1999, Amelia Island, Florida
    • 41 Rubin GD. Techniques and applications of multi-detector row CT in the thorax. Paper presented at: Thoracic Imaging 1999: Proceedings of the Society of Thoracic Radiology, March 21-25, 1999, Amelia Island, Florida 1999; 161-170
    • (1999) Thoracic Imaging 1999: Proceedings of the Society of Thoracic Radiology , pp. 161-170
    • Rubin, G.D.1
  • 42
    • 0033042647 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Real-time CT fluoroscopy: Evolution of an interventional tool
    • 42 Daly B, Templeton PA. Real-time CT fluoroscopy: evolution of an interventional tool. Radiology 1999; 211:309-315
    • (1999) Radiology , vol.211 , pp. 309-315
    • Daly, B.1    Templeton, P.A.2
  • 43
    • 0029964011 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of the solitary pulmonary nodule by positron emission tomography imaging
    • 43 Bury T, Dowlati A, Patulus P, et al. Evaluation of the solitary pulmonary nodule by positron emission tomography imaging. Eur Respir J 1996; 9:410-414
    • (1996) Eur Respir J , vol.9 , pp. 410-414
    • Bury, T.1    Dowlati, A.2    Patulus, P.3
  • 44
    • 0029743173 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Decision tree sensitivity analysis for cost-effectiveness of FDG-PET in the staging and management of non-small-cell lung carcinoma
    • 44 Gambhir SS, Hoh CK, Phelps ME, et al. Decision tree sensitivity analysis for cost-effectiveness of FDG-PET in the staging and management of non-small-cell lung carcinoma. J Nucl Med 1996; 37:1428-1436
    • (1996) J Nucl Med , vol.37 , pp. 1428-1436
    • Gambhir, S.S.1    Hoh, C.K.2    Phelps, M.E.3
  • 45
    • 0028076254 scopus 로고
    • The role of CT and MRI in staging of the mediastinum
    • 45 Grover FL. The role of CT and MRI in staging of the mediastinum. Chest 1994; 106(suppl):391S-396S
    • (1994) Chest , vol.106 , Issue.SUPPL.
    • Grover, F.L.1
  • 46
    • 0031028068 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Non-small-cell lung cancer: Nodal staging with FDG PET versus CT with correlative lymph node mapping and sampling
    • 46 Steinert HC, Hauser M, Allemann F, et al. Non-small-cell lung cancer: nodal staging with FDG PET versus CT with correlative lymph node mapping and sampling. Radiology 1997; 202:441-446
    • (1997) Radiology , vol.202 , pp. 441-446
    • Steinert, H.C.1    Hauser, M.2    Allemann, F.3
  • 47
    • 0029014655 scopus 로고
    • Detecting recurrent or residual lung cancer with FDG-PET
    • 47 Inoue T, Kim EE, Komaki R, et al. Detecting recurrent or residual lung cancer with FDG-PET. J Nucl Med 1995; 36:788-793
    • (1995) J Nucl Med , vol.36 , pp. 788-793
    • Inoue, T.1    Kim, E.E.2    Komaki, R.3
  • 48
    • 0031695852 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Metabolic imaging of malignant mesothelioma with positron emission tomography
    • 48 Bernard F, Sterman D, Smith R, et al. Metabolic imaging of malignant mesothelioma with positron emission tomography. Chest 1998; 114:713-722
    • (1998) Chest , vol.114 , pp. 713-722
    • Bernard, F.1    Sterman, D.2    Smith, R.3
  • 49
    • 0001744288 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Digital, techniques
    • Tucson, Arizona, 29th Annual Conference on Chest Disease
    • 49 Ravin CE. Digital, techniques. Paper presented at: The Fleischner Society April 18-21, 1999, Tucson, Arizona, 29th Annual Conference on Chest Disease, 1999; 173-177
    • (1999) The Fleischner Society April 18-21, 1999 , pp. 173-177
    • Ravin, C.E.1
  • 50
    • 85030362281 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The filmless hospital
    • Tucson, Arizona, 29th Annual Conference on Chest Disease
    • 50 Allison DJ. The filmless hospital. Paper presented at: The Fleischner Society April 18-21, 1999, Tucson, Arizona, 29th Annual Conference on Chest Disease, 1999; 185
    • (1999) The Fleischner Society April 18-21, 1999 , pp. 185
    • Allison, D.J.1
  • 51
    • 85030366572 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Digital radiography: Implementation
    • Tucson, Arizona, 29th Annual Conference on Chest Disease
    • 51 MacMahon H. Digital radiography: implementation. Paper presented at: The Fleischner Society April 18-21, 1999, Tucson, Arizona, 29th Annual Conference on Chest Disease, 1999; 179-133
    • (1999) The Fleischner Society April 18-21, 1999 , pp. 179-1133
    • MacMahon, H.1
  • 52
    • 85030365786 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Computer-aided radiologic diagnosis
    • Tucson, Arizona, 29th Annual Conference on Chest Disease
    • 52 MacMahon H. Computer-aided radiologic diagnosis. Paper presented at: The Fleischner Society April 18-21, 1999, Tucson, Arizona, 29th Annual Conference on Chest Disease, 1999; 315-320
    • (1999) The Fleischner Society April 18-21, 1999 , pp. 315-320
    • MacMahon, H.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.