How to succeed as a virus: Strategies for dealing with the immune system

Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology

Volumn 72, Issue 1-2, 1999, Pages 111-117

  Peterhans, Ernst ^a   Zanoni, Reto ^a   Bertoni, Giuseppe ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF BERN   (Switzerland)

Author keywords

Evolution; Herd immunity; Immune system; Pathogenesis; Virus

Indexed keywords

ARBOVIRUS; ARTICLE; GENE REARRANGEMENT; HOST RESISTANCE; IMMUNE SYSTEM; INFLUENZA VIRUS; NONHUMAN; RABIES VIRUS; VIRUS CELL INTERACTION;

ANIMALS; ANIMALS, WILD; ARTHRITIS-ENCEPHALITIS VIRUS, CAPRINE; BOVINE VIRUS DIARRHEA-MUCOSAL DISEASE; CATTLE; DIARRHEA VIRUSES, BOVINE VIRAL; GOATS; LENTIVIRUS INFECTIONS; RABIES; RABIES VIRUS; SHEEP; VISNA; VISNA-MAEDI VIRUS;

ARBOVIRUS; AVES; EQUIDAE; GALLIFORMES; INFLUENZA VIRUS; MAMMALIA; RABIES VIRUS;

EID: 0032744598     PISSN: 01652427     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0165-2427(99)00123-3     Document Type: Article

References (31)

1. Adams D.S., Oliver R.E., Ameghino E., DeMartini J.C., Verwoerd D.W., Houwers D.J., Waghela S., Gorham J.R., Hyllseth B., Trigo F.J. Global survey of serological evidence of caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus infection. Vet. Rec. 115:1984;493-495.
2. Adler B., Adler H., Pfister H., Jungi T.W., Peterhans E. Macrophages infected with cytopathic bovine viral diarrhea virus release a factor(s) capable of priming uninfected macrophages for activation-induced apoptosis. J. Virol. 71:1997;3255-3258.
3. Artois M., Aubert M., Blancou J., Barrat J., Poulle M.L., Stahl P. Behavioural ecology of rabies transmission. Ann. Rech. Vét. 22:1991;163-172.
4. Baer G.M., Abelseth M.K., Debbie J.G. Oral vaccination of foxes against rabies. Am. J. Epidemiol. 93:1991;487-490.
5. Brownlie J., Clarke M.C., Howard C.J., Pocock D.H. Pathogenesis and epidemiology of bovine virus diarrhoea virus infection of cattle. Ann. Rech. Vét. 18:1987;157-166.
6. Cheevers W.P., Knowles D.P., Norton L.K. Neutralization-resistant antigenic variants of caprine arthritis-encephalitis lentivirus associated with progressive arthritis. J. Infect. Dis. 164:1991;679-685.
7. Cheevers W.P., McGuire T.C., Norton L.K., Cordery-Cotter R., Knowles D.P. Failure of neutralizing antibody to regulate CAE lentivirus expression in vivo. Virology. 196:1993;835-839.
8. Ellis T.M., Wilcox G.E., Robinson W.F. Antigenic variation of caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus during persistent infection of goats. J. Gen. Virol. 68:1987;3145-3152.
9. Gendelman H.E., Narayan O., Molineaux S., Clements J.E., Ghotbi Z. Slow, persistent replication of lentiviruses: role of tissue macrophages and macrophage precursors in bone marrow. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 82:1985;7086-7090.
10. Gendelman H.E., Narayan O., Kennedy-Stoskopf S., Kennedy P.G.E., Ghotbi Z., Clements J.E., Stanley J., Pezeshkpour G. Tropism of sheep lentiviruses for monocytes: susceptibility to infection and virus gene expression increase during maturation of monocytes to macrophages. J. Virol. 58:1986;67-74.
11. Guo Y., Wang M., Zheng G.S., Li W.K., Kawaoka Y., Webster R.G. Seroepidemiological and molecular evidence for the presence of two H3N8 equine influenza viruses in China in 1993-94. J. Gen. Virol. 76:1995;2009-2014.
12. Kennedy-Stoskopf S., Narajan O. Neutralizing antibodies to visna lentivirus: mechanism of action and possible role in virus persistence. J. Virol. 59:1986;37-44.
13. Lechner F., Vogt H.R., Seow H.F., Bertoni G., Cheevers W.P., von Bodungen U., Zurbriggen A., Peterhans E. Expression of cytokine mRNA in lentivirus-induced arthritis. Am. J. Pathol. 151:1997;1053-1065.
14. Macdonald, D.W., Voigt, D.R., 1985. The biological basis of rabies models. In: Bacon, P.J. (Ed.), Population Dynamics of Rabies in Wildlife, Academic Press, London, pp. 71-108.
15. McGuire T.C., Norton L.K., O'Rourke K.I., Cheevers W.P. Antigenic variation of neutralization-sensitive epitopes of caprine arthritis-encephalitis lentivirus during persistent arthritis. J. Virol. 62:1988;3488-3492.
16. Meyers, G., Thiel, H.J., 1996. Molecular characterization of pestiviruses. In: Maramorosch, K., Murphy, F.A., Shatkin, A.J. (Eds.), Adv. Virus Res. 47, 53-118.
17. Moennig V. Pestiviruses - a review. Vet. Microbiol. 23:1990;35-54.
18. Murphy F.A. Rabies pathogenesis. Arch. Virol. 54:1977;279-297.
19. Peluso R., Haase A.T., Stowring L., Edwards M., Ventura P. A Trojan horse mechanism for the spread of visna virus in monocytes. Nucleic Acids Res. 16:1988;4173-4173.
20. Pepin M., Vitu C., Russo P., Mornex J.F., Peterhans E. Maedi-visna virus infection in sheep: a review. Vet. Res. 29:1998;341-367.
21. Peterhans, E., Pohl, B., Zanoni, R., Lazary, S., 1992. Caprine arthritis-encephalitis. In: Smolen, J.S., Kalden, J.R., Maini, R.N. (Eds.), Rheumatoid Arthritis, Springer, Heidelberg, pp. 216-230.
22. Potgieter, L.N.D., 1995. Immunology of bovine viral diarrhea virus. Vet. Clin. North America - Food Animal Practice 11, 501, 95.
23. Shortridge K.F., Zhou N.N., Guan Y., Gao P., Ito T., Kawaoka Y., Kodihalli S., Krauss S., Markwell D., Murti K.G., Norwood M., Senne D., Sims L., Takada A., Webster R.G. Characterization of avian H5N1 influenza viruses from poultry in Hong Kong. Virology. 252:1998;331-342.
24. Shu L.P., Sharp G.B., Lin Y.P., Claas E.C.J., Krauss S.L., Shortridge K.F., Webster R.G. Genetic reassortment in pandemic and interpandemic influenza viruses - a study of 122 viruses infecting humans. Eur. J. Epidemiol. 12:1996;63-70.
25. Steck F., Wandeler A., Bichsel P., Capt S., Schneider L. Oral immunisation of foxes against rabies - a field study. Zbl. Vet. Med. B. 29:1982;372-396.
26. Tautz N., Meyers G., Thiel H.J. Pathogenesis of mucosal disease, a deadly disease of cattle caused by a pestivirus. Clin. Diagn. Virol. 10:1998;121-127.
27. Thormar H., Barshatzky M.R., Arnesen K., Kozlowski P.B. The emergence of antigenic variants is a rare event in long-term visna virus infection in vivo. J. Gen. Virol. 64:1983;1427-1432.
28. Ugolini G. Specificity of rabies virus as a transneuronal tracer of motor networks: transfer from hypoglossal motoneurons to connected second-order and higher order central nervous system cell groups. J. Comp. Neurol. 356:1995;457-480.
29. Wandeler A., Mueller J., Wachendoerfer G., Schale W., Foerster U., Steck F. Rabies in wild carnivores in central Europe. III. Ecology and biology of the fox in relation to control operations. Zbl. Vet. Med. B. 21:1974;765-773.
30. Winkler W.G., McLean R.G., Cowart J.C. Vaccination of foxes against rabies using ingested baits. J. Wildlife Dis. 11:1975;382-388.
31. Zink M.C., Yager J.A., Myers J.D. Pathogenesis of caprine arthritis encephalitis virus - cellular localization of viral transcripts in tissues of infected goats. Am. J. Pathol. 136:1990;843-854.