The institutional framework of ethnic employment disadvantage: A comparison of Germany and Canada

Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies

Volumn 25, Issue 3, 1999, Pages 397-443

  Reitz, Jeffrey G ^a   Frick, Joachim R ^b   Calabrese, Tony ^e   Wagner, Gert C ^b,c,d  

^a UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO   (Canada)

^b DIW BERLIN   (Germany)

^c EUROPEAN UNIVERSITY VIADRINA   (Germany)

^d Institute on the Future of Work   (Germany)

^e NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EMPLOYMENT; ETHNICITY; INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK; INTERNATIONAL COMPARISON;

CANADA; GERMANY;

EID: 0032739072     PISSN: 1369183X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/1369183X.1999.9976694     Document Type: Article

References (85)

1. Alba, R.D., J. Handl and W. Müller (1994) 'Ethnische Ungleichheit im Deutschen Bildungssystem', Kölner Zeitschrift für Soziologie und Sozialpsychologie Vol. 46: 209-37
2. Atkinson, A.B., L. Rainwater and T.M. Smeeding (1995) Income Distribution in OECD Countries: Evidence from the Luxembourg Income Study, Paris: Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development
3. Bade, K.J. and M. Weiner (Eds) (1997) Migration Past, Migration Future: Germany and the United States, Providence, Rhode Island: Berghahn Books
4. Baker, M. and D. Benjamin (1997) 'Ethnicity, foreign birth and earnings: a Canada/U.S. comparison', in M.G. Abbott, C.M. Beach and R.P. Chaykowski (Eds), Transition and Structural Change in the North American Labour Market, Kingston, ON: John Deutsch Institute and Industrial Relations Centre, Queen's University, 281-313
5. Bamber, G.J. and R.D. Lansbury (Eds) (1993) International and Comparative Industrial Relations, Second Edition, New York: Routledge
6. Bauer, T. and K. Zimmerman (1997) 'Unemployment and wages of ethnic Germans', Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance Vol. 37 (Special Issue): 361-77
7. Bendix, J. (1990) Importing Foreign Workers: A Comparison of German and American Policy, New York: Peter Lang Publishing, Inc
8. Blossfeld, H.-P. (1987) 'Entry into the labour market and occupational career in the Federal Republic: a comparison with American studies', International Journal of Sociology Vol. 17: 86-115
9. Booth, H. (1985) 'Guestworker or immigrants? A demographic analysis of the status of migrants in West Germany', Coventry: Centre for Research in Ethnic Relations, University of Warwick, Monographs in Ethnic Relations, No. 1
10. Borjas, G. (1990) Friends or Strangers: the Impact of Immigrants on the U.S. Economy, New York: Basic Books
11. Boyd, M. (1992) 'Gender, visible minority and immigrant earnings inequality: reassessing an employment equity premise', in Vie Satzewich (Ed.), Deconstructing a Nation: Immigration, Multiculturalism and Racism in the 1990s Canada, Toronto: Garamond Press, 279-321
12. Breton, R. (1988) 'From ethnic to civic nationalism: English Canada and Quebec', Ethnic and Racial Studies Vol. 11 No. 1: 85-102
13. Brubaker, R. (1989a) 'Citizenship and naturalization: policies and politics', in W.R. Brubaker (Ed.), Immigration and the Politics of Citizenship in Europe and North America, Lanham, MD: University Press of America/German Marshall Fund of the United States, 99-127
14. Brubaker, R. (1989b) 'Membership without citizenship: the economic and social rights of noncitizens', in in W.R. Brubaker (Ed.), Immigration and the Politics of Citizenship in Europe and North America, Lanham, MD: University Press of America/German Marshall Fund of the United States, 145-62
15. Brubaker, R. (1992) Citizenship and Nationhood in France and Germany, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press
16. Brubaker, R. (1996) Nationalism Reframed: Nationhood and the National Question in the New Europe, Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press
17. Burkhauser, R.V., M. Kreyenfeld and G. Wagner (1997) 'The German socio-economic panel: a representative sample of reunited Germany and its parts', DIW-Vierteljahrshefte zur Wirtschaftsforschung Vol. 66: 7-16
18. Castles, S. (1992) 'Migrants and minorities in post-Keynesian capitalism: the German case', in M. Cross (Ed.), Ethnic Minorities and Industrial Change in Europe and North America, Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 36-54
19. Castles, S. and G. Kosack (1985) Immigrant Workers and Class Structure in Western Europe, Second Edition, London, England: Oxford University Press
20. Castles, S. and M.J. Miller (1998) The Age of Migration: International Population Movements in the Modern World, Second Edition, New York: Guilford Press
21. Christofidies, L.N. and R. Swidinsky (1994) 'Wage determination by gender and visible minority status: evidence from the 1989 LMAS', Canadian Public Policy Vol. 22 No. 1: 34-51
22. Cross, M. (Ed.) (1992) Ethnic Minorities and Industrial Change in Europe and North America, Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press
23. DePrete, T. and P.A. McManus (1996) 'Institutions, technical change, and diverging life chances: earnings mobility in the United States and Germany', American Journal of Sociology Vol. 102 No. 1: 34-79
24. Driedger, L. (1987) Ethnic Canada: Identities and Inequalities, Toronto: Copp Clark Pittman
25. Dustmann, C. (1993) 'Earnings adjustment of temporary migrants', Journal of Population Economics Vol. 6: 153-68
26. Esping-Andersen, G. (1990) The Three Worlds of Welfare Capitalism, Cambridge, UK: Polity Press
27. Esping-Andersen, G. (1966) 'Return migration - the European experience', Economic Policy Vol. 22: 215-49
28. Faist, T. (1993) 'From school to work: public policy and underclass formation among young Turks in Germany during the 1980s', International Migration Review Vol. 27 No. 2 (102): 306-31
29. Faist, T. (1994) 'States, markets, and immigrant minorities: second-generation Turks in Germany and Mexican-Americans in the United States in the 1980s', Comparative Politics Vol. 26: 439-60
30. Faist, T. (1995a) 'Ethnicization and racialization of welfare-state politics in Germany and the USA', Ethnic and Racial Studies Vol. 18 No. 2: 219-50
31. Faist, T. (1995b) Social Citizenship for Whom?: Young Turks in Germany and Mexican Americans in the United States, Aldershot: Avebury
32. Fijalkowski, J. (1984) 'Gastarbeiter als Industrielle Reservearmee', Archiv fuer Sozialgeschichte Vol. 24: 399-456
33. Forbes, H.D. (1997) Ethnic Conflict: Commerce, Culture, and the Contact Hypothesis, New Haven: Yale University Press
34. Frick, J., F. Buechel, P. Krause and G.W. Wagner (1997) 'Immigration has increased income inequality and poverty in Germany slightly', Economic Bulletin Vol. 34: 25-32
35. Gang, I.N. and F.L. Rivera-Batiz (1994) 'Unemployment and attitudes toward foreigners in Germany', in G. Steinmann and R.E. Ulrich (Eds), The Economic Consequences of Immigration to Germany, Heidelberg: Physica-Verlag, 121-54
36. Gaugler, E; W. Weber, G. Gille and A. Martin (1985) Ausländerintegration in Deutschen Industriebetrieben, Königstein/Taunus: Hanstein Verlag
37. Goldberg, A., D. Mourinho and U. Kulke (1995) 'Arbeitsmarkt-Diskriminierung gegenüber Ausländischen Arbeitnehmern in Deutschland', Geneva: International Labour Office, Employment Department, International Migration Paper No. 8
38. Granovetter, M. (1985) 'Economic action and social structure: the problem of embeddedness', American Journal of Sociology Vol. 91:481-510
39. Haisken-DeNew, J.P (1996) Migration and the Inter-Industry Wage Structure in Germany, Heidelberg: SPRINGER
40. Henry, F. and E. Ginsberg (1985) Who Gets the Work? A Test of Racial Discrimination in Employment, Toronto: The Urban Alliance on Race Relations and The Social Planning Council of Metropolitan Toronto
41. Hollifield, J.F (1992) Immigrants, Markets, and States: The Political Economy of Postwar Europe, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press
42. Hoskin, M. (1991) New Immigrants and Democratic Society: Minority Integration in Western Democracies, New York: Praeger
43. Jain, H.C. and P.J. Sloane (1981) Equal Employment Issues: Race and Sex Discrimination in the United States, Canada, and Britain, New York: Praeger Publishers
44. Kalleberg, A.L. and I. Berg (1987) Work and Industry: Structures, Markets, and Processes, New York: Plenum Press
45. Kasarda, J.D., J. Friedrichs and K.E. Ehlers (1992) 'Urban industrial restructuring and minority problems in the U.S. and Germany', in M. Cross (Ed.), Ethnic Minorities and Industrial Change in Europe and North America, Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 250-75
46. Kremer, M. and H. Spangenberg (1980) Assimilation Ausländischer Arbeitnehmer in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland, Koenigstein/Taunus: Hanstein Verlag
47. Kühne, P. (1988) 'Die Gewerkschaftliche Organisationsarbeit mit Ausländischen Kollegen (innen)', in P. Kühne, N. Özturk and H. Ziegler-Schultes (Eds), Wir Sind Nicht Nur Zum Arbeiten Hier, Hamburg: VSA-Verlag, 14-16
48. Li, P.S (1988) Ethnic Inequality in a Class Society, Toronto: Wall and Thompson
49. Licht, G. and V. Steiner (1994) 'Assimilation, labour market experience and earnings profiles of temporary and permanent immigrant workers in Germany', International Review of Applied Economics Vol. 8 No. 2: 130-56
50. Lipset, S.M. (1989) Continental Divide: The Values and Institutions of the United States and Canada, Toronto: C.D. Howe Institute
51. Lipset, S.M. (1996) American Exceptionalism: A Double-Edged Sword, New York: W.W. Norton
52. Lum, J. (1995) 'The Federal Employment Equity Act: goals versus implementation', Canadian Public Administration Vol. 38 No. 1: 45-76
53. Munch, J. (1982) Vocational Training in the Federal Republic of Germany, Berlin: European Centre for the Development of Vocational Training (CEDEFOP)
54. Münz, R. and R. Ulrich (1998) 'Germany and its immigrants: a socio-demographic analysis', Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies Vol. 24 No 1: 25-56
55. Noelle-Neumann, E. (1981) The Germans: Public Opinion Polls, 1967-1980, Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press
56. Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) (1993) Employment Outlook 1993, Paris: OECD
57. Oaxaca, R. (1973) 'Sex discrimination in wages', in O. Ashenfelter and A. Rees (Eds), Discrimination in Labor Markets, Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 124-51
58. Piore, M.J (1979) Birds of Passage: Migrant Labor and Industrial Societies, Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press
59. Pischke, J.-S. (1992) 'Assimilation and earnings of guestworkers in Germany', Mannheim: Zentrum für Europäische Wirtschaftsforschung, Discussion Paper No. 92-17
60. Portes, A. and J. Sensenbrenner (1993) 'Embeddedness and immigration: notes on the social determinants of economic action', American Journal of Sociology Vol. 98 No. 6: 1320-50
61. Power, J. (1979) Migrant Workers in Western Europe and the United States, Oxford: Pergamon Press
62. Reimann, H. and H. Reimann (Eds) (1987) Gastarbeiter: Analyse und Perspektiven eines Sozialen Problems, Opladen: Westdeutscher Verlag
63. Reitz, J.G. (1998) Warmth of the Welcome: The Social Causes of Economic Success for Immigrants in Different Nations and Cities, Boulder, CO: Westview Press
64. Reitz, J.G. and R. Breton (1994) The Illusion of Difference: Realities of Ethnicity in Canada and the United States, Toronto: C.D. Howe Institute
65. Rex, J. (1985) The Concept of a Multi-Cultural Society, Coventry: University of Warwick, Centre for Research in Ethnic Relations
66. de Rham, G. (1990) 'Naturalization: the politics of citizenship acquisition', in Z. Layton-Henry (Ed.), The Political Rights of Migrant Workers in Western Europe, London: Sage Publications, 158-85
67. Rudolph, H. and M. Morokvasic (Eds) (1993) Bridging States and Markets: International Migration in the Early 1990's, Berlin: Edition Sigma
68. Schmidt, C.M. (1992a) 'Country-of-origin differences in the earnings of German immigrants', München: Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Volkswirtschaftliche Fakultät, Discussion Paper No. 92-29
69. Schmidt, C.M. (1992b) 'The earnings dynamics of immigrant labor', München: Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Volkswirtschaftliche Fakultät, Discussion Paper No. 92-28
70. Schweikert, K. (1982) Vocational Training of Young Migrants in the Federal Republic of Germany, Berlin: European Centre for the Development of Vocational Training (CEDEFOP)
71. Seifert, W. (1995) Die Mobilität der Migranten: Die Berufliche, ökonomische und Soziale Stellung Ausländischer Arbeitnehmer in der Bundesrepublik, Berlin: Edition Sigma Rainer Bohn
72. Sen, F. (1989) Probleme und Eingliederungsengpaesse der tuerkischen Migranten in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland, Working Paper International Migration for Employment, World Employment Research, Genf: International Labour Office
73. Soysal, Y. (1994) The Limits of Citizenship, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
74. Statistisches Bundesamt (1997) Datenreport 1997: Zahlen und Fakten über die Bundesrepublik Deutschland, Bonn: Bundeszentrale für politische Bildung
75. Sullivan, T.A. 1992) 'The changing demographic characteristics and impact of immigrants in Canada', in B.R. Chiswick (Ed.), Immigration, Language and Ethnicity: Canada and the United States, Washington, D.C.: The AEI Press, 119-144
76. Tienda, M. and D.-T. Lii (1987) 'Minority concentration and earnings inequality: blacks, Hispanics, and Asians compared', American Journal of Sociology Vol. 93, No. 1: 141-65
77. Ulrich, R.E. (1994a) 'Foreigners and the social insurance system in Germany', in G. Steinmann and R. Ulrich (Eds), The Economic Consequences of Immigration to Germany, Heidelberg: Physica-Verlag, 61-80
78. Ulrich, R.E. (1994b) 'The future growth of foreign population in Germany', in G. Steinmann and R. Ulrich (Eds), The Economic Consequences of Immigration to Germany, Heidelberg: Physica-Verlag, 21-44
79. Wagner, G. (1996) 'Ausgewählte Sozialpolitische Probleme der Eingliederung von Zuwanderen', in G. Kleinhenz (Ed.) Soziale Integration in Europa II, Berlin: Dunker and Humboldt, 56-103
80. Wagner, G., F. Buechel, J.P. Haisken-DeNew and C.K. Spiess (1997) 'Education as a keystone of integration of immigrants - determinants of school attainment of immigrant children in West Germany', Discussion Paper 97-08 of the Faculty of Social Science of Ruhr-University, Bochum, mimeo
81. Wanner, R.A. (1986) 'Educational inequality: trends in twentieth-century Canada and the United States', Comparative Social Research Vol. 9: 47-66
82. Williams, K. (1988) Industrial Relations and the German Model, Aldershot: Avebury
83. Wilpert, C. (1989-90) 'Immigrant women in the Federal Republic of Germany', Los Angeles: Institute for Social Science Research Working Papers in the Social Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, Vol. 15, No. 12
84. Winkelmann, R. (1996) 'Employment prospects and skill acquisition of apprenticeship-trained workers in Germany', Industrial and Labor Relations Review Vol. 49 No. 4: 658-72
85. Zimmermann, K.F. (1995) 'Tackling the European migration problem', Journal of Economic Perspectives Vol. 9 No. 2: 45-62