The role of CH4 and N2O emission reductions in the cost-effective control of the greenhouse gas emissions from Finland

Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change

Volumn 4, Issue 2, 1999, Pages 91-112

  Tuhkanen, Sami ^a   Lehtilä, Antti ^a   Savolainen, Ilkka ^a  

^a VTT TECHNICAL RESEARCH CENTRE OF FINLAND   (Finland)

Author keywords

Cost effective; Emission reduction; Energy system model; Finland; Greenhouse gas emissions

Indexed keywords

EMISSION CONTROL; GREENHOUSE GAS; METHANE; NITROUS OXIDE;

FINLAND;

EID: 0032721467     PISSN: 13812386     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1023/A:1009601819931     Document Type: Article

References (44)

1. Berdowski, J., Olivier, J. and Veldt, C.: 1993, 'Methane from fuel combustion and industrial processes', in van Amstel, A.R. (ed.), Proceedings of the International IPCC Workshop, Methane and Nitrous oxide, methods in national emissions inventories and options for control, Amresfoort, The Netherlands, IPCC, pp. 131-141.
2. Bingemer H.G. and Crutzen P.J: 1987, The production of methane from solid wastes. Journal of Geophysical Research 92 (D2), 2181-2187.
3. Braber, K.: 1995, Anaerobic digestion of municipal solid waste: a modern waste disposal option on the verge of breakthrough, Biomass and Bioenergy 9 (1-5), 365-376.
4. Bridgwater, A.V.: 1995, The technical and economic feasibility of wood gasification for power generation, Fuel, 74 (5), 631-653.
5. Danish Energy Agency: 1992, Update on Centralized Biogas Plants, Copenhagen: Danish Energy Agency, Biomass Section, 31 p.
6. ETSAP: 1997, Multinational comparisons presented to AGBM meeting, ETSAP News, No. 3.
7. The Finnish Council of State: 1993, Waste Law (Jätelaki), Collection of Finnish Regulations (Suomen säädöskokoelma), No. 1072, pp. 2909-2924. (In Finnish)
8. The Finnish Council of State: 1997, The Regulation of the Council of State on landfills (Valtioneuvoston päätös kaatopaikoista), Collection of Finnish Regulations (Suomen säädöskokoelma) 861, 3204-3212. (In Finnish)
9. Finnish Environment Institute: 1997, 'Consumption and wastes', Review of the Finnish Environment 6, 18. (In Finnish)
10. Forsius, M., Kankaala, P., Karjalainen, T., Kellomäki, S., Laine, J., Lehtilä, A., Martikainen, P., Ojala, A., Pingoud, K., Pipatti, R., Savolainen, I. and Silvola, J.: 1996, 'Finnish greenhouse gas emissions and sinks', in Kuusisto, E., L. Kauppi and P. Heikinheimo (eds.), Climate Change and Finland, Helsinki, University Press, pp. 179-196. (In Finnish)
11. Grönfors, K.: 1997, Greenhouse gas inventory: Finland 1995, Statistics Finland.
12. Gunaseelan, V.N: 1997, Anaerobic digestion of biomass for methane production: a review. Biomass and Bioenergy 13 (1-2), 83-114.
13. Hogan, K.B. (ed.): 1993, Options for Reducing Methane Emissions Internationally, Volume 1: Technological Options for Reducing Methane Emissions, Report to Congress, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Washington, DC.
14. Houghton, J.T., Meira Filho, L.G., Callander, B.A., Harris, N., Kattenberg, A. and Maskell, K. (eds.): 1996, Climate Change 1995: The Science of Climate Change - Contribution of Working Group I to the Second Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 584 p.
15. Houghton, J.T., Meira Filho, L.G., Lim, B., Tréanton, K., Mamaty, I., Bonduki, Y., Griggs, D.J. and Callander, B.A. (eds.): 1997, Greenhouse Gas Inventory: Reference Manual - Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories. Vol. 3, Bracknell, The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.
16. Jager, D. de, Blok, K. and Brummelen, M. van: 1996, Cost-effectiveness of emission-reducing measures for nitrous oxide in the Netherlands, Utrecht, Ecofys (Report M704), 77 p.+app.
17. Jager, D. de and Blok, K.: 1993, Cost-effectiveness of emission-reducing measures for methane in the Netherlands, Utrecht, Ecofys (Report M702), 62 p.+app.
18. Karjalainen, T. & Kellomäki, S.: 1996, Greenhouse gas inventory for land use and forestry in Finland based on international guidelines, Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change 1, 51-71.
19. Kauppi, P., Mielikäinen, K. and Kuusela, K.: 1992, Biomass and carbon budget of European forests, 1971 to 1990, Science 256, 70-74.
20. 2O Chemistry at Fluidized Bed Combustion Conditions: A Kinetic Modelling Study, Combustion and Flame, 85, 94-104.
21. Klemola, E. and Malkki, S.: 1995, The drum composting of manure. (Lannan rumpukompostointi). Työtehoseuran maataloustiedote, No. 4 (456). 12 p. (In Finnish)
22. 2 emissions in nine countries, Energy policy 24 (1), 39-51.
23. 2O and Potential Reduction of Emissions in the Netherlands. Mitigation and adaptation strategies for global change, 1 (2), 115-137.
24. Lehtilä, A. and Tuhkanen, S.: 1999, Integrated cost-effectiveness analysis of greenhouse gas emission abatement: The case of Finland, Espoo, Technical research centre of Finland (VTT Publications 374), 152 p. + app. 15 p. Available also in pdf-format .
25. 2 emissions and energy efficiency: Comparison of Finland with other countries, Espoo, Technical research centre of Finland (VTT Publications 328), 80 p.+ app. 31 p. Available also in pdf-format .
26. Lehtilä, A. and Pirilä, P.: 1996, Reducing energy related emissions - Using an energy systems optimization model to support policy planning in Finland. Energy Policy 24 (9), 805-819.
27. Lehtilä, A.: 1995, New energy technologies and emission reduction potential in Finland, Espoo, Technical research centre of Finland (Research Notes 1697), 73 p.+ app. 8 p. (In Finnish)
28. Lehtimäki, M.: 1995, Centralised Biogas Plant in Southern Ostrobotnia; Report on Environmental Impacts, Power Production and Financial Preconditions, Helsinki, National Board of Waters and the Environment (Mimeograph Series of the National Board of Waters and the Environment no 625), 89 p. (In Finnish)
29. Lueth, O., Jattke, A., Schoettle, H., Wietschel, M. and Rentz, O.: 1997, Emission reduction strategies for Central and Eastern Europe. Energy Policy 25 (3), 305-312.
30. Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry: 1997, Yearbook of Farm Statistics, Helsinki, Information Centre of the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, (Agriculture and Forestry 1997: 5), 268 p.
31. Ministry of the Environment: 1997, Finland's second report under the framework convention on climate change, Helsinki, Ministry of the Environment, 63 p.
32. Ministry of Trade and Industry: 1997, Energy Market 2025 - Scenarios, Helsinki, Ministry of Trade and Industry, 95 p.
33. Mäkipää, R. and Tomppo, E.: 1998, Finnish forest is a carbon sink, although the Kyoto Protocol does not indicate that (Suomen metsät ovat hiilinielu, vaikka Kioton ilmastosopimuksen mukaan muulta näyttää), in E. Korpilahti (ed.): Review of the forest science (Metsätieteen aikakauskirja), No. 2, pp. 268-274. (In Finnish)
34. th International Conference on Greenhouse Gas Control Technologies, Interlaken, Switzerland, IEA Greenhouse Gas R&D Programme, (in press)
35. Oonk, J. and Boom, A: 1995, Landfill gas formation, recovery and emissions. Apeldoorn, NLD, TNO Institute of Environmental and Energy Technology, 103 p.+app.
36. Peer, R.L., Thorneloe, S.A. and Epperson, D.L.: 1993, A comparison of methods for estimating global methane emissions from landfills. Chemosphere 26 (1-4), 387-400.
37. Pipatti, R. and Wihersaari, M.: 1998, Cost-effectiveness of alternative strategies in mitigating the greenhouse impact of waste management in three communities of different size. Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change 2, 337-358.
38. Pipatti, R.: 1997, Potential and cost-effectiveness of reducing methane and nitrous oxide emissions in Finland. Espoo, Technical Research Centre of Finland (Research Notes 1835), 62 p. + app. 4 p. (In Finnish)
39. 2 emissions in the European Community by using a linear optimization approach, Karlsruhe, Institute for Industrial Production, University of Karlsruhe (Research Report IIP 1991/004-1), 129 p.
40. Statistics Finland: 1997, Energy Statistics 1996, Helsinki, Statistics Finland (Energy 1997: 1), 130 p.
41. Tanskanen, J.H.: 1996, Research of municipal solid waste management based on source separation: waste flows, costs and emissions, Helsinki, Finnish Environment Institute (The Finnish Environment no 38), 96 p. (In Finnish)
42. UNFCCC: 1997a, Kyoto Protocol to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change. UNFCCC Secretariat, Bonn, FRG.
43. UNFCCC: 1997b, National communications from parties included in Annex I to the convention. UNFCCC Secretariat, Bonn: FCCC/SBI. 80 p.
44. Watson, R.T., Zinyowera, M.C. and Moss, R.H. (eds.): 1996. Technologies, Policies and Measures for Mitigating Climate Change. IPCC Technical Paper I. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. 86 p.