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Ashar A, Kovacs A, Khan S, Hakim J: Blindness associated with midfacial fractures. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 1998, 56:1146-1150. This small retrospective series reported a high incidence of blindness associated with midfacial trauma. The study was based in the United Arab Emirates, where no sealbelt laws were in effect, and suggests that the mandatory use of seatbelts and airbags in developed countries reduces the incidence of optic nerve trauma.
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Driben JS, Bolger WE, Robles HA, Cable B, Zinraich SJ: The reliability of computerized tomographic detection of the Onodi (Sphenoethmoid) cell. Am J Rhinol 1998, 12:105-111. These authors elegantly correlated computed tomographic studies of the paranasal sinuses with anatomic dissections in 21 cadaveric heads. Onodi cells in sphenoethmoid complexes were revealed by computed tomography in 7% of cases and by anatomic dissection in 39% of cases.
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Girotto JA, Gamble WB, Robertson B, Redett R, Meuhlberger T, Mayer M, et al.: Blindness after reduction of facial fractures. Plast Reconstr Surg 1998, 102:1821-1834. This is an excellent retrospective study of the University of Maryland Shock Trauma data, which spans 11 years of facial trauma data. Of the 29,474 patients admitted for trauma-related injuries, 10% had facial fractures, and 45% of these fractures involved one or both orbits. Of the patients who had repair of orbital fracture, 0.24% (three patients) became blind after surgery.
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