Iron Age leaded tin bronzes from Khirbet edh-Dharih, Jordan

Journal of Archaeological Science

Volumn 26, Issue 8, 1999, Pages 1075-1082

  Klein, Sabine ^a   Hauptmann, Andreas ^b  

^a GOETHE UNIVERSITY   (Germany)

^b Deutsches Bergbau Museum   (Germany)

Author keywords

AAS; Bronze Production; Copper; Iron Age II; Khirbet edh Dharih; Lead; Oxidation; SEM; Tin; Transjordan

Indexed keywords

ARCHAEOLOGICAL EVIDENCE; INDUSTRIAL HISTORY; IRON AGE; METALLURGY;

JORDAN; KHIRBET EDH-DHARIH;

EID: 0032718267     PISSN: 03054403     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1006/jasc.1999.0412     Document Type: Article

References (29)

1. Briesemeister S. Die Mischungslücke in den Systemen Blei-Kupfer und Blei-Kupfer-Zinn. Zeitschrift für Metallkunde. 23:(1931);225.
2. Chakrabarti D. J., Laughlin D. E., Th. B. Massalski. Cu-Pb (copper-lead). Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams. 1990;W. W. Scott, Jr., AMS International, The Materials Information Society. p. 1452-1454.
3. Chang Y. A., Neumann J. P., Mikula A., Goldberg D. INCRA Series on the Metallurgy of Copper, Monograph VI: Phase Diagrams and Thermodynamic Properties of Ternary Copper-Metal-Systems. 1979;University of Wisconsin, Wisconsin. p. 631-642.
4. Cooke S. R. B., Nielsen B. V. Slags and other metallurgical products. G. Rapp, S. E. Aschenbrenner. Excavations at Nichoria in Southwest Greece, Vol. I, Site, Environ, and Techniques. 1978;182-326 The University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis.
5. Craddock P. T. The composition of the copper alloys used by the Greek, Etruscan and Roman civilisations. 1. The Greeks before the Archaic period. Journal of Archaeological Science. 3:1976;93-113.
6. Craddock P. T. The composition of the copper alloys used by the Greek, Etruscan and Roman Civilisations. 2. The Archaic, Classical and Hellenistic Greeks. Journal of Archaeological Science. 4:1977;103-123.
7. Craddock P. T. The metallurgy and composition of Etruscan bronze. Studi Etruschi. 52:1986;211-271.
8. Dies K. Kupfer und Kupferlegierungen in der Technik. 1967;Springer, New York. p. 610-612.
9. Falsone G. Phoenicia as a bronzeworking centre in the Iron Age. (J. Curtis. Bronze-working Centres of Western Asia. 1988;252-270 Kegan Paul Ltd. London.
10. Frohberg, M. G. 1994, Thermodynamik für Werkstoffingenieure und Metallurgen. Leipzig, Stuttgart, Deutscher Verlag für Grundstoffindustrie.
11. Hauptmann A. Die frühe Metallurgie des Kupfers in Fenan. Beiheft 10, Bochum. Der Anschnitt. in press.
12. Hauptmann A. Early copper produced at Feinan, Wadi Arabah, Jordan: the composition of ores and copper. Archaeomaterials. 6:1992;1-33.
13. Hauptmann A., Weisgerber G., Knauf E. A. Achäometallurgische und bergbauarchäologische Untersuchungen im Gebiet von Fenan, Wadi Arabah (Jordanien). Der Anschnitt. 37:1985;163-195.
14. Klein, S. Hauptmann, A. Vandiver, P. B. Bronze working at Khirbet edh-Dharih. Interrelation to the Iron Age copper production at Fenan, Jordan, Der Anschnitt.
15. Klein S., Hauptmann A., Vandiver P. B. Refractory ceramics from an Iron Age II bronze melting workshop at Khirbet edh-Dharih, Jordan. Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings. 462:(1997);135-142.
16. Knauf E. A., Lenzen C. J. Edomite copper industry. A. Hadidi,. Studies in the History and Archaeology of Jordan, Vol. 3. 1987;83-88 Department of Antiquities, Amman.
17. McDonald B. The Wadi Hasa Archaeological Survey 1979-1983, West-Central Jordan. 1988;Wilfried Laurier University Press, Waterloo:
18. Northover J. P., Rehren Th. The oxidation of bronze. Archaeometry '92. Abstracts. 1992.
19. Papadimitriou G., Tsaimou C., Vardavoulias M. Bronze production during the Hellenistic period in the Rhodes Island. E. Antonacci-Sanpaolo. Archaeometallurgia Ricerche e Prospettive. 1992;227-237.
20. Philip G. Tin, arsenic, lead: alloying practices in Syro-Palestine around 2000 B.C. Levant. XXIII:1991;93-104.
21. Rostoker W., McNattan M., Gebhard E. Melting/smelting of bronze at Isthmia in Greece. JHMS. 17:1983;23-27.
22. Saunders N., Miodownik A. P. Th. B. Massalski. Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams, Vol. 2. 1990;1481-1483 W. W. Scott, Jr., AMS International, The Materials Information Society.
23. Schneider G., Zimmer G. Technische Keramik aus antiken Bronzegußwerkstätten in Olympia und Athen. Berliner Beiträge zur Archäometrie. 9:1984;17-60.
24. Schwandner E.-L., Zimmer G. Zum Problem der Öfen griechischer Bronzegießer. Archäologischer Anzeiger. 1983;57-80.
25. Tubb J. The role of the Sea People in the bronze industry of Palestine/Transjordan in the Late Bronze Age-Early Iron Age transition. J. Curtis,. Bronze-working Centres of Western Asia. 1988;251-270 Kegan Paul Ltd. London.
26. Villeneuve F., Muheisen Z. Fouilles à Khirbet edh-Dharih (Jordanie), 1984-1987: un village, son sanctuaire et sa nécropole aux époques nebatéenne et romaine (Ier-IVè siècles ap. J.-C.). Comptes-rendus des séances de L'Académie des inscriptions et belles-lettres 1988. 1989;458-479.
27. Wayman M. Bronze-working. M. Gualtieri. Fourth Century B. C. Magna Graecia: A Case Study. 1993;308-324 Jonsered, Aström.
28. Wayman M. L., Gualtieri M., Konzuk R. A. Bronze Metallurgy at Roccagloriosa. R. M. Farquhar, G. V. Hancock, Pavlish, L. A. Proceedings of the 26th International Archaeometry Symposium. 1988;128-132 University of Toronto, Toronto.
29. Zwicker U. Metallographische und analytische Untersuchungen an Proben aus den Grabungen der Bronzegießerei in der Phidias-Werkstatt von Olympia und Versuche zum Schmelzen von Bronze in flachen Tiegeln. Berliner Beiträge zur Archäometrie. 9:1984;61-94.