Numerical simulation of the interaction between the sea-breeze front and horizontal convective rolls. Part I: Offshore ambient flow

Monthly Weather Review

Volumn 127, Issue 5, 1999, Pages 858-878

  Dailey, Peter S ^a   Fovell, Robert G ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BOUNDARY LAYERS; COMPUTER SIMULATION;

BOUNDARY LAYER ROLL CONVECTION; HORIZONTAL CONVECTIVE ROLLS (HCR); SEA-BREEZE CIRCULATION (SBC); SEA-BREEZE FRONT (SBF);

HEAT CONVECTION;

ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATION; CONVECTIVE BOUNDARY LAYER; MODEL VALIDATION; SEA BREEZE;

EID: 0032716640     PISSN: 00270644     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1175/1520-0493(1999)127<0858:NSOTIB>2.0.CO;2     Document Type: Article

References (74)

1. Anthes, R. A., E.-Y. Hsie, and Y.-H. Kuo, 1987: Description of the Penn State/NCAR Mesoscale Model Version 4 (MM4). NCAR Tech. Note NCAR/TN-282 + STR, 66 pp. [Available from National Center for Atmospheric Research, Information Support Services, P.O. Box 3000, Boulder, CO 80307-3000.]
2. Arritt, R. W., 1993: Effects of the large-scale flow on characteristic-features of the sea breeze. J. Appl. Meteor., 32, 116-125.
3. Asai, T., 1970a: Thermal instability of a plane-parallel flow with variable vertical shear and unstable stratification. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 48, 129-139.
4. _, 1970b: Three-dimensional features of thermal convection in a plane Couette flow. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 48, 18-29.
5. _, 1972: Thermal instability of a shear flow turning the direction with height. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 50, 525-532.
6. Atkins, N. T. R. M. Wakimoto, and T. M. Weckwerth, 1995: Observations of the sea-breeze front during CaPE. Part II: Dual-Doppler and aircraft analysis. Mon. Wea. Rev., 123, 944-968.
7. Atkinson, B. W., 1981: Meso-Scale Atmospheric Circulations. Academic Press, 496 pp.
8. Atlas, D., B. Walter, S.-H. Chou, and P. J. Sheu, 1986: The structure of the unstable marine boundary layer viewed by lidar and aircraft observations. J. Atmos. Sci., 43, 1301-1318.
9. Balaji, V., and T. L. Clark, 1988: Scale selection in locally forced convective fields and the initiation of deep cumulus. J. Atmos. Sci., 45, 3188-3211.
10. Bechtold, P., J.-P. Pinty, and P. Mascart, 1991: A numerical investigation of the influence of large-scale winds on sea-breeze and inland-breeze-type circulations. J. Appl. Meteor., 30, 1268-1279.
11. Benjamin, S. G., 1983: Some effects on surface heating and topography on the regional severe storm environment. Ph.D. thesis, The Pennsylvania State University, 265 pp. [Available from UMI, 300 North Zeeb Road, P.O. Box 1346, Ann Arbor, MI 48106-1346; order number 8320864.]
12. Berry, R. E., and L. R. Taylor, 1968: High-altitude migration of aphids in maritime and continental climates. J. Anim. Ecol., 37, 713-722.
13. Bird, R., and R. L. Hulstrom, 1980: Direct insolation models. Trans. ASME: J. Sol. Energ. Eng., 103, 182-192.
14. Blackadar, A. K., 1976: Modeling the nocturnal boundary layer. Preprints. Third Symp. on Atmospheric Turbulence, Diffusion and Air Quality, Raleigh, NC, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 46-49.
15. Burpee, R. W., and L. N. Lahiff, 1984: Area-average rainfall variations on sea-breeze days in south Florida. Mon. Wea. Rev., 112, 520-534.
16. Carlson, T. N., and F. E. Boland, 1978: Analysis of urban-rural canopy using a surface heat flux/temperature model. J. Appl. Meteor., 17, 998-1013.
17. Carroll, J. J., 1989: Analysis of airborne Doppler lidar measurements of the extended California sea breeze. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 6, 820-831.
18. Chou, S.-H., and M. P. Ferguson, 1991: Heat fluxes and roll circulations over the western Gulf Stream during an intense cold-air outbreak. Bound.-Layer Meteor., 55, 255-281.
19. Christian, T. W., and R. M. Wakimoto, 1989: The relationship between radar reflectivities and clouds associated with roll convection on 8 August 1982. Mon. Wea. Rev., 117, 1530-1544.
20. Clarke, R. H., 1955: Some observations and comments on the sea breeze. Auxt. Meteor. Mag., 11, 47-52.
21. Crook, N. A., T. L. Clark, and M. W. Moncrieff, 1991: The Denver cyclone. Part II: Interaction with the convective boundary layer. J. Atmos. Sci., 48, 2109-2126.
22. Dailey, P. S., 1996: Three-dimensional numerical modeling of the sea breeze circulation and its interaction with horizontal convective rolls occurring in the convective boundary layer. Ph.D. thesis, University of California, Los Angeles, CA. 219 pp. [Available from UMI, 300 North Zeeb Road, P.O. Box 1346, Ann Arbor, MI 48106-1346; order number 9704602.]
23. Dalu, G. A., and R. A. Pielke, 1989: An analytical study of the sea breeze. J. Atmos. Sci., 46, 1815-1825.
24. Davis, W. M., I. G. Schultz, and R. de C. Ward, 1890: An investigation of the sea-breeze. Ann. Astron. Observ. Harv. Coll., 21, 215-265.
25. Deardorff, J. W., 1972: Parameterization of the planetary boundary layer for use in general circulation models. Mon. Wea. Rev., 100, 93-106.
26. Ferrare, R. A., J. L. Schols, E. W. Eloranta, and R. Coulter, 1991: Lidar observations of banded convection during BLX83. J. Appl. Meteor., 30, 312-326.
27. Findlater, J., 1971: The strange winds of Ras Asir (formerly Cape Guardafai). Meteor. Mag., 100, 46-54.
28. Fisher, E. L., 1960: An observational study of the sea breeze. J. Meteor., 17, 645-660.
29. Fovell, R. G., and P. S. Dailey, 1995: The temporal behavior of numerically simulated multicell-type storms. Part I: Modes of behavior. J. Atmos. Sci., 52, 2073-2095.
30. _, and P.-H. Tan, 1998: The temporal behavior of numerically simulated multicell-type storms. Part II. The convective cell life cycle and cell regeneration. Mon. Wea. Rev., 126, 551-577.
31. Frizzola, J. A., and R. L Fisher, 1963: A series of sea breeze observations in the New York City area. J. Appl. Meteor., 2, 722-739.
32. Hatcher, R. W., and J. S. Sawyer, 1947: Sea breeze structure with particular reference to temperature and water vapour gradients and associated radio ducts. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 73, 391-406.
33. Haurwitz, B., 1947: Comments on the sea breeze circulation. J. Meteor., 4, 1-8.
34. Houze, R. A., Jr., 1993: Cloud Dynamics. Academic Press, 573 pp.
35. Intrieri, J. M., C. G. Little, W. J. Shaw, R. M. Banta, P. A. Durkee, and R. M. Hardesty, 1990: The Land/Sea Breeze Experiment (LASBEX). Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 71, 656-664.
36. Iqbal, M., 1983: An Introduction to Solar Radiation. Academic Press, 390 pp.
37. Klemp, J. B., and R. B. Wilhelmson, 1978: The simulation of three-dimensional convective storm dynamics. J. Atmos. Sci., 35, 1070-1096.
38. _, and D. R. Durran, 1983: An upper boundary condition permitting internal gravity wave radiation in numerical scale models. Mon. Wea. Rev., 111, 430-444.
39. Kristovich, D. A. R., 1991: The three-dimensional flow fields of boundary-layer rolls observed during lake-effect snow storms. Ph.D. thesis, University of Chicago, 182 pp. [Available from UMI, 300 North Zeeb Road, P.O. Box 1346, Ann Arbor, MI 48106-1346: order number T-31591.]
40. Kuettner, J. P., 1971: Cloud bands in the earth's atmosphere: Observations and theory. Tellus, 23, 404-426.
41. LeMone, M. A., 1973: The structure and dynamics of horizontal roll vortices in the planetary boundary layer. J. Atmos. Sci., 30, 1077-1091.
42. _, and W. T. Pennell, 1976: The relationship of trade wind cumulus distribution to subcloud layer fluxes and structure. Mon. Wea. Rev., 104, 524-539.
43. Leopold, L. B., 1949: The interaction of trade wind and sea breeze, Hawaii. J. Meteor., 6, 312-320.
44. Martin, C. L., and R. A. Pielke, 1983: The adequacy of the hydrostatic assumption in sea breeze modeling over flat terrains. J. Atmos. Sci., 40, 1472-1481.
45. Mason, P. J., and R. I. Sykes, 1982: A two-dimensional numerical study of horizontal roll vortices in an inversion capped planetary boundary layer. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc:, 108, 801-823.
46. McCaul, E. W., H. B. Bluestein, and R. J. Doviak, 1987: Airborne doppler lidar observations of convective phenomena in Oklahoma. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 4, 479-497.
47. Mitsumoto, S., H. Ueda, and H. Ozoe, 1983: A laboratory experiment on the dynamics of the land and sea breeze. J. Atmos. Sci., 40, 1228-1240.
48. Nicholls, M. E., R. H. Johnson, and W. R. Cotton, 1988: A comparison of two-dimensional and quasi-three-dimensional simulations of a tropical squall line. Mon. Wea. Rev., 116, 2437-2452.
49. _, R. A. Pielke, and W. R. Cotton, 1991: A two-dimensional numerical investigation of the interaction between sea breezes and deep convection over the Florida peninsula. Mon. Wea. Rev., 119, 298-323.
50. Niino, H., 1987: On the linear theory of land and sea breeze circulation. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 65, 901-921.
51. Pennell, W. T., and M. A. LeMone, 1974: An experimental study of turbulence structure in the fair-weather trade wind boundary layer. J. Atmos. Sci., 31, 1308-1323.
52. Pielke, R. A. 1974: A three-dimensional numerical model of the sea breezes over south Florida. Mon. Wea. Rev., 102, 115-139.
53. _, and Y. Mahrer, 1978: Verification analysis of the University of Virginia three-dimensional mesoscale model prediction over south Florida for 1 July 1973. Mon. Wea. Rev., 106, 1568-1589.
54. Purdom, J. F. W., 1982: Subjective interpretation of geostationary satellite data for nowcasting. Nowcasting, K. Browning. Ed., Academic Press, 149-156.
55. Raynor, G. S., J. V. Hayes, and E. C. Ogden, 1974: Mesoscale transport and dispersion of airborne pollens. J. Appl. Meteor., 13, 87-95.
56. Reible, D. D., J. E. Simpson, and P. F. Linden, 1993: The sea breeze and gravity-current frontogenesis. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 119, 1-16.
57. Reinking, R. F., R. J. Doviak, and R. O. Gilmer, 1981: Clear-air roll vortices and turbulent motions as detected with an airborne gust probe and dual-Doppler radar. J. Appl. Meteor., 20, 678-685.
58. Schmidt, F. H., 1947: An elementary theory of the land-and sea-breeze circulation. J. Meteor., 4, 9-15.
59. Sha, W., T. Kawamura, and H. Ueda, 1991: A numerical study on sea land breezes as a gravity current: Kelvin-Helmholtz billows and inland penetration of the sea-breeze front. J. Atmos. Sci., 48, 1649-1665.
60. Simpson, J. E., 1969: A comparison between laboratory and atmospheric density currents. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 95, 758-765.
61. _, 1987: Gravity Currents: In the Environment and the Laboratory. John Wiley and Sons, 244 pp.
62. _, 1994: Sea Breeze and Local Winds. Cambridge University Press, 234 pp.
63. _, and R. E. Dritter, 1980: A laboratory model of an atmospheric mesofront. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 106, 485-500.
64. _, D. A. Mansfield, and J. R. Milford, 1977: Inland penetration of sea-breeze fronts. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 103, 47-76.
65. Stevens, E. R., 1975: Chemistry and meteorology in an air pollution episode. J. Air Pollut. Control Assoc., 25, 271-274.
66. Tsuchiya, K., and T. Fujita, 1967: A satellite meteorological study of evaporation and cloud formation over the western Pacific under the influence of the winter monsoon. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 45, 232-250.
67. Wakimoto, R. M., and J. W. Wilson, 1989: Non-supercell tornadoes. Mon. Wea. Rev., 117, 1113-1140.
68. _, and N. T. Atkins, 1994: Observations of the sea-breeze front during CaPE. Part I: Single-Doppler, satellite and cloud photo-grammetry analysis. Mon. Wea. Rev., 122, 1092-1113.
69. Weckwerth, T. M., J. W. Wilson, and R. M. Wakimoto, 1996: Thermodynamic variability within the convectivc boundary layer due to horizontal convective rolls. Mon. Wea. Rev., 124, 769-784.
70. _, _, _, and N. A. Crook, 1997: Horizontal convective rolls: Determining the environmental conditions supporting their existence and characteristics. Mon. Wea. Rev., 125, 505-526.
71. Wilhelmson, R. B., and C.-S. Chen, 1982: A simulation of the development of successive cells along a cold outflow boundary. J. Atmos. Sci., 39, 1466-1483.
72. Wilson, J. W., G. B. Foote, N. A. Crook, J. C Frankhauser, C. G. Wade, J. D. Tuttle, C. K. Mueller, and S. K. Kruegcr. 1992: The role of boundary-layer convergence zones and horizontal rolls in the initiation of thunderstorms: A case study. Mon. Wea. Rev., 120, 1785-1815.
73. Yoshikado, H., 1990: Vertical structure of the sea breeze penetrating through a large urban complex. J. Appl. Meteor., 29, 878-891.
74. Zhang, D.-L., and R. A. Anthes, 1982: A high-resolution model of the planetary boundary layer - Sensitivity tests and comparisons with SESAME-79 data. J. Appl. Meteor., 21, 1594-1609.