Small ruminants in environmental conservation

Small Ruminant Research

Volumn 34, Issue 3, 1999, Pages 271-287

  El Aich, A ^a   Waterhouse, A ^b  

^a INSTITUT AGRONOMIQUE ET VÉTÉRINAIRE HASSAN II   (Morocco)

^b SCOTTISH AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Environment; Fanning systems; Natural resources; Overgrazing; Small ruminants

Indexed keywords

EID: 0032711583     PISSN: 09214488     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0921-4488(99)00079-6     Document Type: Conference Paper

References (72)

1. Armstrong H.M., Gordon I.J., Grant S.A., Hutchings N.J., Illius A.W., Milne J.A., Sibbald A.R. A model of hill grazing systems in the UK. I. The prediction of offtake by sheep. J. Ecology. 34:1997;186-207.
2. Arnold, G.W., Dudinski, M.L., 1978. Ethology of free ranging domestic animals. Elsevier, Amsterdam, 198 pp.
3. Ashworth, S.W., Waterhouse, A., Topp, C.F.E., Treacher, T., 1997. The European union sheep meat and goat meat regime and its effect upon the environment. Report Commissioned by Land Use Policy Group of British Nature Conservation Agencies. Countryside Commission, Cheltenham, 231 pp.
4. BSTID, 1990. The Improvement of Tropical and Subtropical Rangelands. Board on Science and Technology for International Development Office of International Affairs, National Research Council. National Academy Press, Washington DC, 379 pp.
5. Bartello, A., Goby J.P., Masson, P., Seigneurbieux, C., 1987. Technique d'entretien des suberaies par les troupeaux caprins: perspectives de developpement dans les montagnes séches des Pyrénées Orientales, Bult. De la Société Languedocienne de Géographie, Tome 21, Fascicule 3-4 Montpellier.
6. Beaufoy, G., Baldock, D., Clark, J., 1994. The nature of farming: low intensity farming systems in nine European countries. IEEP, London, 66 pp.
7. Beylier, B., Rebattet, S., 1997. Gestion multi-usages et paysage a St Saturnin D'Apt: une operation lote grace a un diagnostic finance par la fondation de France. Herbivores et gestion des territoires fragiles Seminar Leonardo Di Vinci a ENITA, Clermont Ferrand.
8. Bourbouze, A., 1982. L'Elevage dans la montagne marocaine, Organisation de l'espace et utilisation des parcours par les éleveurs du Haut Atlas. Institut National Agronomique de Paris-Grignon, 345 pp.
9. ème Cong. Inten. Des terres de parcours, Montpellier, 22-26 avril, pp. 729-733.
10. Bourbouze, A., 1996. Projet de developpement de l'elevage et des parcours de l'Oriental. Evaluation à mi-parcours. Rapports techniques. Reseau parcours, 210 pp.
11. Bourbouze, A., Rubino, R., 1992. Terres collectives en Mediterranee, Histoire, Legislation, Usage et Modes d'Utilisation par les animaux, Reseau FAO des ovins et caprins et Reseau parcours Euro-Africain, 279 pp.
12. Boutonnet, J.P., 1989. La speculation ovine en Algérie. INRA, Série Notes et Documents no. 90.
13. Breman H., de Wit C.T. Rangeland productivity and exploitation in the Sahel. Science. 221(1):1983;1341-1342.
14. Commission Regulation, 1992. Official Journal of the European Communities, Legislation (OJL), vol. 215, 2078/92, 30th July 1992, p. 96. Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, Luxembourg.
15. Cooper, M.McG., Thomas, R.J., 1991. Profitable sheep farming. Farming Press Books, UK, 198 pp. Council Directive, 1975. 75/268. On mountain and hill farming in certain less favoured areas. Official Journal of the European Communities, Legislation (OJL), 128, 19th May 1975 p. 1. Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, Luxembourg.
16. Crofts, A., Jefferson, R.G., 1994. The Lowland Grassland Management Handbook. English Nature and Wildlife Trusts, 236 pp.
17. Darling, F.F., 1955. West Highland Survey, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 438 pp.
18. Davis G.G.I., Bartel L.E., Cook C.W. Control of gambel oak sprouts by goats. J. Range Manage. 28(3):1975;216-218.
19. Donazar, J.A., Novesco, M.A., Tella, J.L., Campion, D., 1997. Extensive grazing and raptors in Spain. In: Pain, D.J., Pienkowski, M. (Eds.), Farming and Birds in Europe. Academic Press, London, pp. 117-149.
20. Draz, O., 1978. Revival of the the Hema System of range reserves as basis for the Syrian range development programme. Proceedings of the First International Rangelands Congress. Denver, Colorado, pp. 100-103.
21. Draz, O., 1990. The Hema System in the Arabian Peninsula. In: The Improvement of Tropical and Subtropical Rangelands. Board on Science and Technology for International Development Office of International Affairs National Research Council. National Academy Press, Washington, DC, pp. 321.
22. Du Toi P.F. The goat in a bush-grass community. Proc. Grassl. Soc. of South Africa. 7:1972;44-50.
23. Egdell, J.M., Dixon, J.B., 1996. How can EU livestock meet environmental objectives? In: Livestock Farming Systems: Research, Development, Socio-Economics and the Land Manager. Proceedings of the Third International Symposium on Livestock Farming Systems. EAAP Publication no. 79, pp. 200-206.
24. El Aich A., El Asraoui M., Rittenhouse L.R. Effect of trailing to water on temporal behavior and ingestion of herded sheep in Morocco. Appl. Anim. Beh. Sci. 31:1991;251-257.
25. El Aich, A., Landau, S., Bourbouze, A., Rubino, R., Fehr, P.M. (Eds.), 1995. Goat production systems in the Mediterranean: comparative study. Goat Production Systems in the Mediterranean, pp. 222-237.
26. Entec, 1995. Option for change in the CAP Beef Regime. Report to British Nature Conservation Agencies. Countryside Commission, Cheltenham.
27. EU Commission Regulation, 1992. Official Journal of the European Communities, Legislation (OJL), vol. 215, 2080/92, 30th July 1992, p. 96. Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, Luxembourg.
28. FAO, 1992. World Agriculture: Toward 2010. In: Alexandratos, N. (Ed.), An FAO Study, 488 pp.
29. FAO, 1993. Year Book.
30. Frades, A.M., Pascual, M.R., Revuelta, J.F., Sal, A.G., 1995. Agricultural policulture and landscape conservation. Present day problems in "Los Ancares" region (Leon, Spain). In: Flamant, J.C., Portugal, A.V., Costa, J.P., Nunes, A.F., Boyazoglu, J. (Eds.), Animal Production and Rural Tourism in Mediterranean Regions. EAAP publication no. 74, Wageningen Pers, pp. 143-146.
31. Fuller, R.J., 1996. Relationships between grazing and birds with particular reference to sheep in the British uplands. British Trust for Ornithology Rep. 164, BTO, Thetford.
32. Green, L.R., Hughes, C.L., Graves, W.L., 1978. Goat control of brush regrowth on Southern California fuelbreaks. In: Proceedings of the First International Range Land Congress, Denver, USA, pp. 451-455.
33. Grime, J.P., 1979. Plant Strategies and Vegetation Processes. Wiley, Chichester, 258 pp.
34. Hardin G. The tragedy of the common. Science. 162:1968;1243-1248.
35. Hopkins, A., Hopkins, J.J., 1993. UK grasslands now: agricultural production and nature conservation. In: Haggar, R.J., Peel, S. (Eds.), Grassland management and nature conservation. British Grassland Society Symposium no. 28, pp. 10-19.
36. Jackson, D.G., 1988. Habitat selection and breeding ecology of three species of waders in the Western Isles of Scotland. Ph.D. thesis. University of Durham.
37. Lamprey, H.F., 1990. Kenya: Seeking Remedies for Desert Encroachment, in The Improvement of Tropical and Subtropical Rangelands. Board on Science and Technology for International Development Office of International Affairs. National Research Council. National Academy Press, Washington, DC, pp. 313-320.
38. Le Houérou, H.N., Gillet, H., 1985. Conservation versus desertification in African Arid Lands. In: Soul, M. (Ed.), Conservation the science of scarcity and diversity. Proceedings of the International Conference On Biology. University Of Michigan. Ann Arbor, Sinauer Associates, publ. Sunderland, Massachusetts, pp. 444-461.
39. ère partie. Forêt Mediterranéenne, tome II, numéro 1, juillet 1980, pp. 31-44.
40. Le Houérou, H.N., 1981. Impact of the goat on Mediterranean Ecosystems. 32rd Annual Meeting of the European Association for Animal Production, 31 August to 3 September 1981. Zagreb, 11 pp.
41. Le Houérou, H.N., 1992. An overview of vegetation and land degradation in World Arid Lands. In: Degradation and Restoration of Arid lands. Texas Tech. Univ., pp. 127-162.
42. Le Houérou, H.N., 1996. In: Dewaele, Bourbouze (Eds.), Elevage en zones difficiles, Zootechnie Comparée. In press.
43. Lombardi, G., Cavallero, A., 1996. Effet du paturage de diverses especes animales avec differents niveaux de chargements sur des pelouses envahies par des fructicees subalpines, premier resultats. Proceeding of FAO Mountain Pasture Group Banska Bystrica, Slovakia. FAO REUR Series. In press.
44. Magee A.C. Goats pay for clearing Grand Prairie rangelands. Texax Agr. Exp. Sta. MP. 206:1957;8.
45. MAPA, 1994. Anuario Estadistico. MAPA, Madrid.
46. Mason, I.L., 1969. A world dictionary of livestock breeds, types and varieties, 4th ed. CAB International, Farnham Royal, Buckinghamshire, UK, 273 pp.
47. McClelland, T.H., Armstrong, R.H., Thompson, J.R., Powell, T.L., 1985. Sheep production systems in the hills. In: Maxwell, T.J., Gunn, R.G. (Eds.), Hill and Upland Livestock Production, pp. 85-94.
48. McCracken D.I., Foster G.N. The effect of ivermectin on the invertebrate fauna associated with cow dung. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry. 12:1993;73-84.
49. McCracken D.I., Foster G.N., Bignal E.M., Bignal S. An assessment of Chough Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax diet using multivariate analysis techniques. Avocetta. 16:1992;19-29.
50. McDonald, C.P., Bone, J.S., Carnegie, H., Thomas, S., Waterhouse, A., Younie, D., 1995. Feasability study into cattle production in Lewis and Harris. Report to SNH, Western Isles Enterprise and Western Isles Islands Council. SAC, Edinburgh, 57 pp.
51. McDonald, A.J., 1997. Habitat condition in upland plant communities. SNH, Edinburgh. In press.
52. Mitchell, K., Baldock, D., Matthew, A., 1996. Great Britain. In: Bennet, G. (Ed.), Cultural landscapes; the conservation challenge in a changing world. EAP, Arnhem, pp. 58-86.
53. MLC, 1981. Sheep Yearbook. MLC, Milton Keynes, UK, 66 pp.
54. MLC, 1988. Sheep in Britain. MLC, Milton Keynes, UK, 55 pp.
55. MLC, 1996. Sheep Yearbook 1995. MLC, Milton Keynes, 57 pp.
56. OECD, 1993. OECD core set of indicators for the environmental performance review. Environment Monograph, no. 83, Paris.
57. Potter, C., 1997. Europe's changing farmed landscapes. In: Pain, D.J., Pienkowski, M. (Eds.), Farming and Birds in Europe. Academic Press, London, pp. 25-42.
58. Quam M.D. Cattle marketing and pastoral conservation. African Studies Review. 21:1978;49-71.
59. Selby, A., Guiheneut, P.Y., Manterola, J.J., Huillier, C.L., Beaufoy, G., Campagnos, P., Petretti, F., 1996. Farming at the Margins. IEEP, London and LEI-DLO, Hague.
60. Sibbald, A.R., Hutchings, N.J., 1994. The integration of environmental requirements into livestock systems based on grazed pastures in the European Community. In: Gibon, A., Flamant, J.C. (Eds.), The study of livestock farming systems in a research and development framework. EAAP Publication, vol. 63, pp. 86-100.
61. Sidahmed A.E. Sustainable range lands in the Near East and North Africa. Rangelands. 14(4):1992;201-205.
62. Sidahmed A.E., Radusevich S.R., Morris J.G., Graves W.L. An assessement of goat grazing in chaparral. California Agric. 32(10):1978;12-13.
63. Smith, R.S., 1997. Upland meadow grasslands in the Pennine Dales ESA. In: Sheldrick, R.D. (Ed.), Grassland Management and Environmentally Sensitive Areas. BGS Occassional Publication no. 32, pp. 80-90.
64. Stanners, D., Bordeau, P., 1995. Europe Environment: The Dobris Assessment. European Environment Agency, Copenhagen, 455 pp.
65. Swash, A., 1997. Environmentally sensitive areas in the UK and their grassland resource. In: Sheldrick, R.D. (Ed.), Grassland Management in Environmentally Sensitive Areas. British Grassland Society Occasional Publication no. 32, pp. 34-43.
66. Thivaut, P., Prevost, F., 1986. Le redeploiement des activités agricoles, pastorales et forestiéres au sein du massif forestier: une contribution à la prévention des incendies de forets, 9 pp., CERPAM, 12 bd de la Plaine 04100 Manosque, France.
67. Treacher, T.T., 1990. Feeding Systems in Arid Mediterranean Areas: Problems and Prospects. Annual Meeting of the European Association of Animal Production, Toulouse, France.
68. UK Agriculture Departments, 1997. Explanatory booklets for Hill Livestock Compensatory Allowance and for Sheep Annual Premium, published separately by Scottish Office, Welsh Office and MAFF, HMSO.
69. Valentine, J.F., 1971. Range Development and Improvement, Brigham Young University Press, 516 pp.
70. Waterhouse, A., 1997. Impact of husbandry methods on environmental issues related to British hill farming systems. In Systems of Sheep Production. International Symposium held at Bella, Italy. In press.
71. Wetstein Ch. Willeke, Schmidt, A., Abresch, J.P, Steinbach, J., Bauer, S., 1996. Methodological approach to evaluate the environmental impact of livestock production systems. In: Livestock farming systems: research, development, socio-economics and the land manager. Proceedings of the Third International Symposium on Livestock Farming Systems. EAAP Publication no. 79, pp. 187-199.
72. Wildlife Trusts, 1996. Crisis in the hills: overgrazing in the uplands. The Wildlife Trusts, Cheltenham, UK, 21 pp.