Ordovician and Silurian stratigraphy and trilobites, Taurus Mountains near Kemer, southwestern Turkey

Geological Magazine

Volumn 136, Issue 4, 1999, Pages 373-393

  Dean, W T ^a,b   Uyeno, T T ^c   Rickards, R B ^d  

^a CARDIFF UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

^b DEPARTMENT OF GEOLOGY   (United Kingdom)

^c GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA   (Canada)

^d UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ORDOVICIAN; SILURIAN; STRATIGRAPHY;

TURKEY;

TRILOBITA;

EID: 0032707959     PISSN: 00167568     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1017/S0016756899002848     Document Type: Article

References (120)

1. ABDULLAEV, R. N. 1972. Trilobites of the Upper Ordovician of Bukantau. In New data on the Fauna of the Palaeozoic and Mesozoic of Uzbekistan (ed. A. S. Masymov and R. N. Abdullaev), pp. 103-26. Tashkent: Akademia Nauk Uzbekov SSR Institut Geologii i Geofiziki. [In Russian].
2. ADRAIN, J. M. & CHATTERTON, B. D. E. 1995. Aulacopleurine trilobites from the Llandovery of Northwestern Canada. Journal of Paleontology 69, 327-40.
3. ALDRIDGE, R. J. 1972. Llandovery conodonts from the Welsh Borderland. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Geology 22, 127-231.
4. ALDRIDGE, R. J. 1975. The stratigraphic distribution of conodonts in the British Silurian. Journal of the Geological Society 131, 607-18.
5. ALDRIDGE, R. J. & SCHÖNLAUB, H. P. 1989. 33. Conodonts. In A global standard for the Silurian System (eds C. H. Holland and M. G. Bassett), pp. 274-9. Cardiff: National Museum of Wales, Geological Series 9.
6. ALTINLI, I. E. 1963. Explanatory text of the geological map of Turkey. Cizre. Maden Tetkik ve Arama Enstitüsü Haritasi, Ankara, 103 pp.
7. ANGELIN, N. P. 1854. Palaeontologia Scandinavica, Part I. Crustacea Formation's Transitionis, fasc. 2, pp. 21-92. Lipsiae (Lund): Sampson & Wallin.
8. APOLLONOV, M. K. 1974. Ashgill trilobites of Kazakhstan. Nauka, Kazakhstan: Alma-Ata, 136 pp. [In Russian].
9. BARRANDE, J. 1846. Notice Préliminaire sur le Système Silurien et les Trilobites de Bohême. Leipzig, 97 pp.
10. BARRANDE, J. 1850. Graptolites de Bohême. Prague, 74 pp.
11. BARRANDE, J. 1852. Système Silurien du Centre de la Bohême. lère partie. Recherches paléontologiques. Vol. I. Crustacés, Trilobites. Prague and Paris, 935 pp.
12. BARRANDE, J. 1872. Système silurien du Centre de la Bohême. lère partie, Supplément au Vol. 1, Trilobites, Crustacés divers et Poissons. Prague and Paris, 647 pp.
13. BASSETT, M. G. 1989. 5. Brachiopods. In A Global Standard for the Silurian System (eds C. H. Holland and M. G. Bassett, M.G.), pp. 232-42. Cardiff: National Museum of Wales, Geological Series 9.
14. BÉRARD, P. 1985 Trilobites de l'Ordovicien inférieur des Monts de Cabrières (Montagne Noire - France). Université des Sciences et Techniques du Languedoc, Montpellier, Thèse, 1-220.
15. BERGERON, J. 1894. Notes paléontologiques. I. Crustacés. Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France 21, 333-46.
16. BERGERON, J. 1889. Étude, géologique du massif ancien situé au Sud du plateau central. Université de Paris, Thèse, Faculté des Sciences, 362 pp.
17. BERRY, W. B. N. & BOUCOT, A. J. 1972. Correlation of the southeast Asian and Near Eastern Silurian rocks. Geological Society of America, Special Paper 137, 1-65.
18. BERRY, W. B. N. & BOUCOT, A. J. 1973. Correlation of the African Silurian rocks. Geological Society of America, Special Paper 147, 1-83.
19. BEYRICH, E. 1845. Ueber einige böhmische Trilobiten. Berlin, 47 pp.
20. BLUMENTHAL, M. M. 1947. Geologie der Taurusketten im Hinterland von Seydişehir und Beyşehir. Maden Tetkik ve Arama Enstitü Yayinlarindan D2, 1-242.
21. BOECK, C. 1827. Notitser til Laeren om Trilobiterne. Magazin for Naturvidenskaberne, Christiania 8(1), 11-44.
22. BOUČEK, B. 1931. Predbezná zprava o nekterých nových druzich graptolita z ceskeho gotlandienu. Communication préliminaire sur quelques nouvelles espèces de graptolites provenant du Gothlandien de la Bohême. Vestník Státního Geologickeho Ústavu Republiky Československe 7, 293-313.
23. BRANSON, E. B. & MEHL M. G. 1933. Conodont Studies, University of Missouri Studies 8, 1-349.
24. BRÖGGER, W. C. 1896. Über die Verbreitung der Euloma-Niobe-Fauna (der Ceratopygenkalkfauna) in Europa. Nyt Magazin for Naturvidenskaberne B35, 164-240.
25. BRONN, H. G. 1835. Lethaea Geognostica, 1. Stuttgart: Schweizerbart, 768 pp.
26. BRUNN, J. H., DUMONT, J. F., GRACIANSKY, P. C. DE, GUTNIC, M., JUTEAU, T., MARCOUX, J., MONOD, O. & POISSON, A. 1971. Outline of the geology of the western Taurids. In Geology and History of Turkey (ed. A. S. Campbell), pp. 225-55. Tripoli: Petroleum Exploration Society of Libya.
27. BRUTON, D. L. 1968. The trilobite genus Panderia from the Ordovician of Scandinavia and the Baltic areas. Norsk Geologisk Tidsskrift 48, 1-53.
28. BRUTON, D. L. & OWEN, A. W. 1988. The Norwegian Upper Ordovician illaenid trilobites. Norsk Geologisk Tidsskrift 68, 241-58.
29. BURNS, V. & RICKARDS, R. B. 1993. Silurian graptolite faunas of the Balbriggan Inlier, counties Dublin and Meath, and their evolutionary, stratigraphical and structural significance. Proceedings of the Yorkshire Geological Society 49, 283-91.
30. DEAN, W. T. 1971. The trilobites of the Chair of Kildare Limestone (Upper Ordovician) of eastern Ireland. Part 1. Palaeontographical Society [Monographs], 1-60.
31. DEAN, W. T. 1973. The Lower Palaeozoic stratigraphy and faunas of the Taurus Mountains near Beyşehir, Turkey. III. The trilobites of the Sobova Formation (Lower Ordovician). Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Geology 24, 279-348.
32. DEAN, W. T. 1975. Cambrian and Ordovician correlation and trilobite distribution in Turkey. Fossils and Strata 5, 353-73.
33. DEAN, W. T. 1980. Correlation of Ordovician rocks in the Near and Middle East. International Union of Geological Sciences 2, 1-22.
34. DEAN, W. T. & MONOD, O. 1970. The Lower Palaeozoic stratigraphy and faunas of the Taurus Mountains near Beyşehir, Turkey. I. Stratigraphy. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Geology 19, 411-26.
35. DEAN, W. T. & MONOD, O. 1990. Revised stratigraphy and relationships of Lower Palaeozoic rocks, eastern Taurus Mountains, south central Turkey. Geological Magazine 127, 333-47.
36. DEAN, W. T., MONOD, O. & PERINÇEK, D. 1981. Correlation of Cambrian and Ordovician rocks in southeastern Turkey. Türkiye Cumhuriyet Petrol Isleri Genel Müdürlüǧü Dergisi, Ankara 25, 269-91 (English), 292-300 (Turkish).
37. DEAN, W. T. & ZHOU, Z. 1988. Upper Ordovician trilobites from the Zap Valley, southeastern Turkey. Palaeontology 31, 621-59.
38. DESTOMBES, J., HOLLARD, H. & WILLEFERT, S. 1985. Lower Palaeozoic rocks of Morocco. In Lower Palaeozoic rocks of the World. Volume 4. Lower Palaeozoic of north-western and west-central Africa (ed. C. H. Holland), pp. 91-336. London: John Wiley & Sons.
39. EPSTEIN, A. G., EPSTEIN, J. B. & HARRIS, L. D. 1977. Conodont color alteration - an index to organic metamorphism. United States Geological Survey Professional Paper 995, 1-27.
40. FLÜGEL, H. W. 1964. Die Entwicklung des vorderasiatischen Paläozoikums. Geotektonische Forschungen 18, 1-68.
41. FLÜGEL, H. W. & SCHÖNLAUB, H. P. 1972. Geleitworte zur stratigraphischen Tabellen des Paläozoikums von Österreich. Verhandlungen der Geologischen Bundesanstalt 2, 187-98.
42. FONTAINE, J.-M. 1981. La plate-forme arabe et sa marge passive au Mésozoïque: l'exemple d'Hazro (S.E. Turquie). Université de Paris-Sud, Centre d'Orsay, Thèse. 270 pp.
43. FONTAINE, J.-M., BRUNTON, C. H., LYS, M., RAUSCHER, R. & BALKAŞ, O. 1980. Données nouvelles sur la stratigraphie des formations paléozoïques de la plate-forme arabe dans la région d'Hazro (Turquie). Compte Rendu de l'Académie des Sciences, Paris 291D, 917-20.
44. FORTEY, R. A. & OWENS, R. M. 1987. The Arenig Series in South Wales, with a preliminary note on the chordates by R.P.S. Jefferies. Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History), Geology 41, 69-307.
45. FRECH, G. 1887. Über das Devon der Ostalpen nebst Bemerkungen über das Silur und einem paläontologischen Anhang. Zeitschrift der Deutschen Geologischen Gesellschaft 39, 659-738.
46. GAERTNER, H.-R. von. 1930. Silurische und tiefunterdevonische Trilobiten und Brachiopoden aus den Zentralkarnischen Alpen. Jahrbuch der Preussischen Geologischen Landesanstalt 51, 188-252.
47. GUTNIC, M., MONOD, O., POISSON, A. & DUMONT, J.-F. 1979. Géologie des Taurides occidentales (Turquie). Mémoires de la Société Géologique de France N.S. 137, 1-111.
48. HAMMANN, W. 1992. The Ordovician trilobites from the Iberian Chains in the province of Aragon, NE Spain. 1. The trilobites of the Cystoid Limestone (Ashgill Series). Beringeria 6, 1-219.
49. HAMMANN, W. & LEONE, F. 1997. Trilobites of the post-Sardic (Upper Ordovician) sequence of southern Sardinia. Part 1. Beringeria 20, 1-217.
50. HAVLÍČEK, V. & VANĚK, J. 1966. The biostratigraphy of the Ordovician of Bohemia. Sbornik Geologičkych Věd, Paleontologie P8, 7-69.
51. HAWLE, I. & CORDA, A. J. C. 1847. Prodrom einer Monographie der Böhmischen Trilobiten. Königlich böhmischen Gesellschaft Wissenschaften, Prague 5, 1-176.
52. HOLLAND, C. H., GNOLI, M. & HISTON, K. 1994. Concentrations of Palaeozoic nautiloid cephalopods. Bollettino della Societa Paleontologica Italiana 33, 83-9
53. HORNÝ, R. J. 1962. Das mittelböhmische Silur. Geologie 8, 873-916.
54. HORNÝ, R. J. & BASTL, F. 1970. Type Specimens of Fossils in the National Museum Prague. Volume 1. Trilobita. Prague: Museum of Natural History, 354 pp.
55. HUGHES, N. C. & CHAPMAN, R. E. 1995. Growth and variation in the Silurian proetide trilobite Aulacopleura konincki and its implications for trilobite palaeobiology. Lethaia 228, 333-53.
56. HUPÉ, P. 1953. Classification des Trilobites. Annales de Paléontologie 39, 61-168.
57. JANVIER, P., LETHIERS, F., MONOD, O. & BALKAŞ, Ö. 1984. Discovery of a vertebrate fauna at the Devonian-Carboniferous boundary in SE Turkey (Hakkâri Province). Journal of Petroleum Geology 7, 147-68.
58. JANVIER, P. & MARCOUX, J. 1977. Les grès rouges de l'Armutgözlek Tepe: leur faune de Poissons (Antiarches Arthrodires et Crossopterygiens) d'âge dévonien supérieur (Nappes d'Antalya, Taurides occidentales, Turquie). Géologie Méditerranéenne 4(3), 183-88.
59. JELL, P. A., BURRETT, C. F., STAIT, B. & YOCHELSON, E. L. 1984. The Early Ordovician bellerophontoid Peelerophon oehlerti (Bergeron) from Argentina, Australia and Thailand. Alcheringa 8, 169-76.
60. KATZER, F. 1895. Beitrage zur Palaeontologie des älteren Palaeozoicum im Mittelböhmen. Sitzungsberichte der Königlichen Böhmischen Gesellschaft der Wissenschaften, math.-naturw, 1-17.
61. KETIN, I. 1966. Tectonic units of Anatolia (Asia Minor). Bulletin of the Mineral Research and Exploration Institute of Turkey 66, 23-34.
62. KIELAN, Z. 1960. Upper Ordovician trilobites from Poland and some related forms from Bohemia and Scandinavia. Palaeontologia Polonica 11, 1-198.
63. KLITZSCH, E. 1981. Lower Palaeozoic rocks of Libya, Egypt, and Sudan. In Lower Palaeozoic rocks of the World. Vol. 3. Lower Palaeozoic of the Middle East, eastern and southern Africa, and Antarctica, (ed. C. H. Holland), pp. 131-63. London: John Wiley & Sons.
64. KŘÍZ, J. 1989. The Pridoli Series in the Prague Basin (Barrandian area, Bohemia). In A Global Standard for the Silurian System (eds C. H. Holland and M. G. Bassett), pp. 90-100. Cardiff: National Museum of Wales, Geological Series.
65. KŘÍZ, J. 1992. Silurian field excursions. Prague Basin (Barrandian), Bohemia. National Museum of Wales, Geological Series 213, 1-111.
66. LANE, P. D. 1985a. The taxonomic status of the trilobite Crotalocephalus Salter, 1853. Geological Journal 20, 239-46.
67. LANE, P. D. 1985b. Cheirurus Beyrich, 1845 (Trilobita): a proposed designation of Cheirurus insignia Beyrich, 1845 as a type species. Z.N.(S.) 2337. Bulletin of Zoological Nomenclature 42, 379-81.
68. LEGGETT, J. K. 1980. British Lower Palaeozoic black shales and their palaeo-oceanographic significance. Journal of the Geological Society of London 137, 139-56.
69. LEONE, F., HAMMANN, W., LASKE, R., SERPAGLI, E. & VILLAS, E. 1991. Lithostratigraphic units and biostratigraphy of the post-Sardic Ordovician sequence in southwest Sardinia. Bolletino della Societa Paleontologica Italiana 30, 201-35.
70. LINNARSSON, J. G. O. 1869. Om Vestergötlands Cambriska och Siluriska aflagringar. Kungliga Svenska Vetenskaps-Akademiens Handlingar 8 (2), 1-89.
71. LOYDELL, D. K., KALJO, D. & MÄNNIK, P. 1998. Integrated biostratigraphy of the lower Silurian of the Ohesaare core, Saaremaa, Estonia. Geological Magazine 135, 769-83.
72. LU YENHAO & ZHOU ZHIYI. 1979. Systematic position and phylogeny of Hammatocnemis (Trilobita). Acta Palaeontologica Sinica 18, 415-34. (In Chinese, with English summary.)
73. MANNIK, P. 1998. Evolution and taxonomy of the Silurian conodont Pterospathodus. Palaeontology 41, 1001-50.
74. MANNIK, P. & ALDRIDGE, R.J. 1989. Evolution, taxonomy and relationships of the Silurian conodont Pterosphathodus. Palaeontology 32, 893-906.
75. MARCOLIX, J. 1987. Histoire et topologie de la Néo-Tethys. Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris VI, Thèse.
76. MAREK, L. 1961. The trilobite family Cyclopygidae Raymond in the Ordovician of Bohemia. Rozpravy Üstředniho Ústavu Geologickeho 28, 1-84.
77. MONOD, O. 1967. Présence d'une faune ordovicienne dans les Schistes de Seydişehir à la base des calcaires du Taurus occidental. Bulletin of the Mineral and Research and Exploration Institute of Turkey, Ankara 69, 79-89.
78. MOORE, R. C. (ed). 1959. Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, Part O. Lawrence, Kansas: Geological Society of America and University of Kansas Press, 560 pp.
79. MÜNSTER, G. 1840. Beitrage zur Petrefactenkunde, Heft 3. Bayreuth, 132 pp.
80. OLIN, E. 1906. Om de Chasmopskalken och Trinucleusskiffern motsvarande bildningarne i Skåne. Lunds Universitets Årsskrift 2(2), 1-79.
81. ÖPIK, A. A. 1937. Trilobiten aus Estland. Acta et Commentationes Universitatis Tartuensis (Dorpatensis) A32, 1-163.
82. POJETA, J., KŘÍZ, J. & BERDAN, J.M. 1976. Silurian-Devonian pelecypods and Paleozoic stratigraphy of subsurface rocks in Florida and Georgia, and related Silurian pelecypods from Bolivia and Turkey. U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 879, 1-32.
83. PRANTL, F. & PŘIBYL, A. 1947. Classification of some Bohemian Cheiruridae Trilobita. Sborník Narodnîho Musea v Praze. Geologia et Paleontologia 3B(1), 1-44.
84. PRANTL, F. & PŘIBYL, A. 1951. A revision of the Bohemian representatives of the Family Otarionidae R. & E. Richter (Trilobitae). Sbornik Státního Geologického Ústavu Ceskoslovenske Republiky 17, 353-512. (In Czech and English, with Russian summary.)
85. PRANTL, F. & ŠNAJDR, M. 1957. [A study on the genus Placoparia Hawle & Corda (Trilobitae)]. Sbornik Ústředniho Ústavu Geologíckého 23, 497-521. (In Czech, with Russian and English summaries.)
86. PŘIBYL, A. 1947. Aulacopleura and the Otarionidae. Journal of Paleontology 21, 537-45.
87. PŘIBYL, A. & VANĚK, J. 1980. O rodu Crotalocephalus Salter, 1853 (Trilobita) z ceskeho a nemeckeho Siluru. Časopis Narodniho Muzea 149, 193-99.
88. PŘIBYL, A. & VANĚK, J. 1981. Studie zur Morphologie und Phylogenie der Familie Otarionidae R. & E. Richter, 1926 (Trilobita). Palaeontographica A173, 160-208.
89. RAASCH, G. O., NORFORD, B. S. & WILSON, D. W. R. 1961. The Silurian Aulacopleura Socialis in the Yukon Territory. In Geology of the Arctic (ed. G. O. Raasch), pp. 466-80. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.
90. RAYMOND, P. E. 1913. Subclass Trilobita. In Text-book of Paleontology, 2nd ed., Vol. 1. (ed. C. R. Eastman). London, pp. 839.
91. RAYMOND, P. E. 1925. Some trilobites of the lower Middle Ordovician of eastern North America. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College 67(1), 1-180.
92. REPINA, L. N., PETRUNINA, Z. E. & HAJRULLINA, T.I. 1975. Trilobites. Akademiia Nauk SSSR, Sibirskoe Otdelenie, Trudy Instituta Geologii i Geofizikii 278, 100-248. (In Russian.)
93. ROBARDET, M. & DORÉ, F. 1988. The late Ordovician diamictic formations from southwestern Europe: North-Gondwana glaciomarine deposits. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 66, 19-31.
94. SALTER, J. W. 1852. Descriptions of some graptolites from the south of Scotland. Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society of London 8, 388-92.
95. SALTER, J. W. 1853a. On a few genera of Irish Silurian fossils. 22nd Report of the British Association for the Advancement of Science (Belfast, 1852) 59-61.
96. SALTER, J. W. 1853b. Figures and descriptions illustrative of British organic remains. Memoirs of the Geological Survey of the U. K., Decade 7, 78 pp.
97. SALTER, J. W. 1864. A monograph of the British trilobites from the Cambrian, Silurian and Devonian formations. Palaeontographical Society [Monographs], 1-80.
98. SCHMIDT, G. C. 1965. Chart I. Proposed Rock Unit Nomenclature, Petroleum District V, S.E. Turkey. Revised edition. Ankara: Stratigraphic Committee, Turkish Association of Petroleum Geologists.
99. ŠNAJDR, M. 1956. [The trilobites from the Drabov and Letná Beds of the Ordovician of Bohemia]. Sborník Ústředniho Ústavu Geologickeho 22, 477-533. (In Czech, with English and Russian summaries.)
100. ŠNAJDR, M. 1957. [Classification of the Family Illaenidae (Hawle et Corda) in the Lower Paleozoic of Bohemia]. Sborník Ústředniho Ústavu Geologickeho 23, 125-284. (In Czech, with Russian and English summaries.)
101. ŠNAJDR, M. 1975. New trilobites from the Llandovery at Hyskov in the Beroun area, central Bohemia. Vestnik Ústředniho Ústavu Geologickeho 50, 311-16.
102. STORCH, P. 1994. Graptolite biostratigraphy of the Lower Silurian (Llandovery and Wenlock) of Bohemia. Geological Journal 29, 137-65.
103. SUBCOMMISSION ON SILURIAN STRATIGRAPHY. 1995. Left hand column for correlation charts. Silurian Times: a Newsletter of the Silurian Subcommission 3, 7-8.
104. SUESS, E. 1851. Über böhmische Graptolitheri. Naturwissenschaftliche Abhandlungen von W. Haidinger 4 (4), 87-134.
105. THOMAS, A. T. 1978. British Wenlock trilobites. Part 1. Palaeontographical Society [Monographs], 1-56.
106. THOMAS, A. T. 1981. British Wenlock trilobites. Part 2. Palaeontographical Society [Monographs], 57-99.
107. THOMAS, A. T. & OWENS, R. M. 1978. A review of the trilobite family Aulacopleuridae. Palaeontology 21, 65-81.
108. THORAL, M. 1935. Contribution à l'Étude Paléontologique de l'Ordovicien Inférieur de la Montagne Noire et Révision Sommaire de la Faune Cambrienne de la Montagne Noire. Montpellier, 362 pp.
109. TJERNVIK, T. 1956. Early Ordovician of Sweden. Stratigraphy and fauna. Bulletin of the Geological Institution of Uppsala 36, 107-284.
110. VASLET, D. 1989. Late Ordovician glacial deposits in Saudi Arabia: a lithostratigraphic revision of the Early Paleozoic succession. Saudi Arabian Directorate General of Mineral Resources, Professional Papers 3, 13-44.
111. VOLBORTH, A. VON. 1863. Über die mit glatten Rumpfgliebern versehenen russischen Trilobiten, nebst einem Anhange ber die Bewegungsorgane und über das Herz derselben. Mémoires de l'Académie Impériale des Sciences de St. Pétersbourg(7)6, 1-41.
112. WALLISER, O. H. 1964. Conodonten des Silurs. Abhandlungen des hessischen Landesamtes für Bodenforschung 41, 1-106.
113. WALLISER, O. H. 1971. Conodont biostratigraphy of the Silurian of Europe. Geological Society of America, Memoir 127, 195-206.
114. WHITTINGTON, H. B. 1956. The trilobite family Isocolidae. Journal of Palaeontology 30, 1193-98.
115. WHITTINGTON, H. B. (ed.). 1997. Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, Part O, Arthropoda 1. Second Edition. Kansas: Geological Society of America and University of Kansas Press, Lawrence, 530 pp.
116. WHITTINGTON, H. B. & ORCHARD, M. J. 1977. Upper Ordovician fauna from northwest Iran. Third International Symposium on the Ordovician System, Columbus 1977, Abstracts, 32.
117. WOLFART, R. 1981. Lower Palaeozoic rocks of the Middle East. In Lover Palaeozoic rocks of the World. Vol. 3. Lower Palaeozoic of the Middle East, Eastern and Southern Africa and Antarctica (ed. C.H. Holland), pp. 5-130. New York: John Wiley & Sons.
118. YOUNG, G. M. 1981. Early Palaeozoic tillites of the northern Arabian Peninsula. In Earth's Pre-Pleistocene Glacial Record (eds M. J. Hambrey & W. B. Harland), pp. 338-40. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
119. ZENKER, J. C. 1833. Beiträge zur Naturgeschichte der Urwelt. Organische Reste (Petrefacten) aus der Altenburger Braunkohlen-Formation. Jena: Mauke, 67 pp.
120. ZHOU ZHIYI, MCNAMARA, K. J., WENWEI YUAN & TAIRONG ZHANG. 1994. Cyclopygid trilobites from the Ordovician of northeastern Tarim, Xinjiang, Northwest China. Record of the Western Australian Museum 16, 593-622.