The cerebellum and cognition: Cerebellar lesions do not impair spatial working memory or visual associative learning in monkeys

European Journal of Neuroscience

Volumn 11, Issue 11, 1999, Pages 4070-4080

  Nixon, Philip D ^a   Passingham, Richard E ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF OXFORD   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Concurrent visual discrimination; Dentate nucleus; Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex; Response preparation; Spatial delayed alternation

Indexed keywords

ANIMAL EXPERIMENT; ANIMAL MODEL; ARTICLE; CEREBELLUM; CEREBELLUM INJURY; CONTROLLED STUDY; LEARNING; MACACA; MONKEY; NONHUMAN; PREFRONTAL CORTEX; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RECOGNITION; RESPONSE TIME; SPATIAL MEMORY; STATE DEPENDENT LEARNING; VISION; VISUAL DISCRIMINATION; WORKING MEMORY;

ANIMALS; ASSOCIATION LEARNING; BRAIN MAPPING; CEREBELLUM; COGNITION; COLOR PERCEPTION; CONDITIONING, OPERANT; HUMANS; KAINIC ACID; MACACA FASCICULARIS; MEMORY; NEUROTOXINS; PSYCHOMOTOR PERFORMANCE; REWARD; SPACE PERCEPTION; VISUAL PATHWAYS; VISUAL PERCEPTION;

EID: 0032700845     PISSN: 0953816X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1046/j.1460-9568.1999.00825.x     Document Type: Article

References (56)

1. Akshoomoff, N.A. & Courchesne, E. (1994) ERP evidence for a shifting attention deficit in patients with damage to the cerebellum. J. Cognit. Neurosci., 6, 388-399.
2. Akshoomoff, N.A., Courchesne, E., Press, G.A. & Iragui, V. (1992) Contribution of the cerebellum to neuropsychological functioning: evidence from a case of cerebellar degenerative disorder. Neuropsychologia, 30, 315-328.
3. Beaubaton, D. & Trouche, E. (1982) Participation of the cerebellar dentate nucleus in the control of a goal-directed movement in monkeys. Exp. Brain Res., 46, 127-138.
4. Bracke-Tolkmitt, R., Linden, A., Canavan, A.G.M., Rockstroh, B., Scholz, E., Wessel, K. & Diener, H.-C. (1989) The cerebellum contributes to mental skills. Behav. Neurosci., 103, 442-446.
5. Buckley, M.J. & Gaffan, D. (1997) Impairment of visual object-discrimination learning after perirhinal cortex ablations. Behav. Neurosci., 111, 467-475.
6. Butters, N. & Pandya, D. (1969) Retention of delayed-alternation: effect of selective lesions of sulcus principalis. Science, 165, 1271-1273.
7. Courtney, S.M., Ungerleider, L.G., Keil, K. & Haxby, J.V. (1996) Object and spatial visual working memory activate separate neural systems in human cortex. Cereb. Cortex, 6, 39-49.
8. Decety, J., Perani, D., Jeannerod, M., Bettinardi, V., Tadary, B., Woods, R., Mazziotta, J.C. & Fazio, F. (1994) Mapping motor representations with positron emission tomography. Nature, 371, 600-602.
9. Decety, J., Sjoholm, H., Ryding, E., Stenberg, G. & Ingvar, D.H. (1990) The cerebellum participates in mental activity: tomographic measurements of regional cerebral blood flow. Brain Res., 535, 313-317.
10. Desmond, J.E. & Fiez, J.A. (1998) Neuroimaging studies of the cerebellum: language, learning and memory. Trends Cognit. Sci., 2, 355-362.
11. Desmond, J., Gabrielli, J. & Glover, G. (1998) Dissociation of frontal and cerebellar activity in a cognitive task: evidence for a distinction between selection and search. Neuroimage, 7, 368-376.
12. Dimitrov, M., Grafman, J., Kosseff, P., Wachs, J., Alway, D., Higgins, J., Litvan, I., Lou, J.-S. & Hallett, M. (1996) Preserved cognitive processes in cerebellar degeneration. Behav. Brain Res., 79, 131-135.
13. Eacott, M.J. & Gaffan, D. (1989) Reaching to a rewarded visual stimulus: interhemispheric conflict and hand use in monkeys with forebrain commissurotomy. Brain, 112, 1215-1230.
14. Fiez, J.A., Petersen, S.E., Cheney, M.K. & Raichle, M.E. (1992) Impaired non-motor learning and error detection associated with cerebellar damage. Brain, 115, 155-178.
15. Fiez, J.A. & Raichle, M.E. (1997) Linguistic processing. In Schmahmann, J. (ed.), The Cerebellum and Cognition. Academic Press, San Diego, pp. 233-254.
16. Fiez, J.A., Raife, E.A., Balota, D.A., Schwarz, J.P., Raichle, M.E. & Petersen, S.E. (1996) A positron emission tomography study of the short-term maintenance of verbal information. J. Neurosci., 16, 808-822.
17. Gaffan, E.A., Harrison, S. & Gaffan, D. (1986) Single and concurrent discrimination learning by monkeys after lesions of inferotemporal cortex. Quart. J. Exp. Psychol., 38B, 31-51.
18. Gaffan, D. & Murray, E.A. (1992) Monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) with rhinal cortex ablations succeed in object discrimination learning despite 24-hour intertrial intervals and fail at matching to sample despite double sample presentations. Behav. Neurosci., 106, 30-38.
19. Goldman, P.S. & Rosvold, H.E. (1970) Localization of function within the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex of the rhesus monkey. Exper. Neurol., 27, 291-304.
20. Ilinsky, I.A. & Kultas-Ilinsky, K. (1982) Stereotactic surgery in the rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta) utilizing intracerebral landmarks. Appl. Neurophysiol., 45, 563-572.
21. Jueptner, M., Ottinger, S., Fellows, S.J., Roever, J., Flerich, L., Mueller, S.P., Diener, H.C., Thilmann, A.F. & Weiller, C. (1997) The relevance of sensory input for the cerebellar control of movements. Neuroimage, 5, 41-48.
22. Kim, S.-G., Ugurbil, K. & Strick, P.L. (1994) Activation of a cerebellar output nucleus during cognitive processing. Science, 265, 949-951.
23. Krams, M., Rushworth, M., Deiber, M-P., Frackowiak, R.S.J. & Passingham, R.E. (1998) The preparation, execution and suppression of copied movements in the human brain. Exper. Brain Res., 120, 386-398.
24. Krams, M., Strick, P.L. & Passingham, R.E. (1997) Cerebellar and basal ganglia activation during visually guided and memory guided movements. Neuroimage, 5, S262.
25. Lalonde, R. & Botez, M.I. (1990) The cerebellum and learning processes in animals. Brain Res. Rev., 15, 325-332.
26. Leiner, H.C., Leiner, A.L. & Dow, R.S. (1993) Cognitive and language functions of the human cerebellum. Trends Neurosci., 16, 444-447.
27. Martin, R.F. & Bowden, D.M. (1996) A stereotaxic template atlas of the macaque brain for digital imaging and quantitative neuroanatomy. Neuroimage, 4, 119-150.
28. Middleton, F.A. & Strick, P.L. (1994) Anatomical evidence for cerebellar and basal ganglia involvement in higher cognitive function. Science, 266, 458-461.
29. Middleton, F.A. & Strick, P.L. (1997) Dentate output channels: motor and cognitive components. In de Zeeuw, C.I., Strata, P. & Voogd, J. (eds), Progress in Brain Research (Vol. 114). Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp. 553-566.
30. Milner, A.D. & Goodale, M.A. (1995) The Visual Brain in Action. Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK.
31. Nixon, P.D. (1998) The cerebellum and cognitive processes. Doctoral thesis, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
32. Nixon, P.D. & Passingham, R.E. (1996) Lesions of the cerebellar nuclei impair sequence learning in a serial reaction time task. Soc. Neurosci. Abstr., 22, 1384.
33. Nixon, P.D., Passingham, R.E. (1999) The cerebellum and cognition: cerebellar lesions impair sequence learning but not conditional visuomotor learning in monkeys. Neuropsychologia, in press.
34. Owen, A.M., Doyon, J., Petrides, M. & Evans, A.C. (1996b) Planning and spatial working memory: a positron emission tomography study in humans. Eur. J. Neurosci, 8, 353-364.
35. Owen, A.M., Milner, B., Petrides, M. & Evans, A.C. (1996a) Memory for object features versus memory for object location: a positron-emission tomography study of encoding and retrieval processes. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA, 93, 9212-9217.
36. Paulesu, E., Bench, C.J., Grasby, P.M., Frith, C.D. & Frackowiak, R.S.J. (1993) Double anatomical dissociation of verbal and visual short term memory: a PET activation study. Soc. Neurosci. Abstr., 19, 413.
37. Paulesu, E., Connelly, A., Frith, C.D., Fristen, K.J., Heather, J., Myers, R., Gadian, D.G. & Frackowiak, R.S.J. (1995) Functional MR imaging correlations with positron emission tomography. Initial experience using a cognitive activation paradigm on verbal working memory. Neuroimaging Clin. N. Am., 5, 207-224.
38. Petersen, S.E., Fox, P.T., Posner, M.I., Mintun, M. & Raichle, M.E. (1989) Positron emission tomographic studies of the processing of single words. J. Cognit. Neurosci., 1, 153-170.
39. Petrosini, L., Molinari, M. & Dell'Anna, M.E. (1996) Cerebellar contribution to spatial event processing: Morris water maze and T-maze. Eur. J. Neurosci., 8, 1882-1896.
40. Riva, D. (1998) The cerebellar contribution to language and sequential functions: evidence from a child with cerebellitis. Cortex, 34, 279-287.
41. Roland, P.E., Eriksson, L., Widen, L. & Stone-Elander, S. (1989) Changes in regional blood cerebral oxidative metabolism induced by tactile learning and recognition in man. Eur. J. Neurosci., 1, 3-18.
42. Roland, P.E., Gulyas, B., Seitz, R.J., Bohm, C. & Stone-Elander, S. (1990) Functional anatomy of storage, recall, and recognition of a visual pattern in man. Neuroreport, 1, 53-56.
43. Schmahmann, J.D. (1996) From movement to thought: anatomy of the cerebellar contribution to cognitive processing. Hum. Brain Mapp., 4, 174-198.
44. Schmahmann, J.D. (1997) The Cerebellum and Cognition. Academic Press, San Diego, CA.
45. Silveri, M.C., Di Betta, A.M., Filippini, V., Leggio, M.G. & Molinari, M. (1998) Verbal short-term store-rehearsal syslem and the cerebellum. Evidence from a patient wilh a right cerebellar lesion. Brain, 121, 2175-2187.
46. Smith, E.E., Jonides, J. & Koeppe, R.A. (1996) Dissociating verbal and spatial working memory using PET. Cereb. Cortex, 6, 11-20.
47. Smith, E.E., Jonides, J., Koeppe, R.A., Awh, E., Schumacher, E.H. & Minoshima, S. (1995) Spatial versus object working memory: PET investigations. J. Cognit. Neurosci., 7, 337-356.
48. Swick, D. & Knight, R.T. (1996) Is prefrontal cortex involved in cued recall? A neuropsychological test of PET findings. Neuropsychologia, 34, 1019-1028.
49. Szabo, J. & Cowan, W.M. (1984) A stereotaxic atlas of the brain of the cynomolgus monkey (Macaca fascicularis). J. Comp. Neurol., 222, 265-300.
50. Thach, W.T., Kane, S.A., Mink, J.W. & Goodkin, H.P. (1992) Cerebellar output: multiple maps and modes of control in movement coordination. In LIinas, R. & Sotelo, C. (eds), The Cerebellum Revisited. Springer, New York, pp. 283-300.
51. Thompson, R.F. (1986) The neurobiology of learning and memory. Science, 233, 941-947.
52. Townsend, J., Courchesne, E., Covington, J., Westerfield, M., Harris, N.S., Lyden, P., Lowry, T.P. & Press, G.A. (1999) Spatial attention deficits in patients with acquired or developmental cerebellar abnormality. J. Neurosci., 19, 5632-5643.
53. Townsend, J., Courchesne, E. & Egaas, B. (1996) Slowed orienting of covert visual-spatial attention in autism: specific deficits associated with cerebellar and parietal abnormality. Dev. Psychopathol., 8, 563-584.
54. Ungerleider, L.G. & Mishkin, M. (1982) Two cortical visual systems. In Ingle, D.J., Goodale, M. & Mansfield, R.J. (eds), Analysis of Visual Behavior. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, USA, pp. 549-586.
55. Winn, P. (1991) Excitotoxins as tools for producing brain lesions. In Conn, P.M. (ed.), Methods in Neurosciences (Vol. 7). Academic Press, San Diego, CA, USA, pp. 16-27.
56. Yamaguchi, S., Tsuchiya, H. & Kobayashi, S. (1998) Visuospatial attention shift and motor responses in cerebellar disorders. J. Cognit. Neurosci., 10, 95-107.