Toxicity of laundry detergent components to a freshwater cladoceran and their contribution to detergent toxicity

Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety

Volumn 44, Issue 2, 1999, Pages 196-206

  Warne, M St J ^a   Schifko, A D ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY SYDNEY   (Australia)

Author keywords

Brighteners; Builders; Ceriodaphnia cf. dubia; Enzymes; Fillers; Laundry detergents; Surfactants; Toxicity

Indexed keywords

COLORING AGENT; DETERGENT; ENZYME; FILLER; FRESH WATER; SILICATE; SURFACTANT;

CRUSTACEAN; DETERGENT; TOXICITY;

ARTICLE; ECOTOXICITY; EFFLUENT; MOLECULAR WEIGHT; NONHUMAN; SEWER; WATER POLLUTION;

CERIODAPHNIA DUBIA; CLADOCERA; CRUSTACEA; INVERTEBRATA;

EID: 0032699302     PISSN: 01476513     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1006/eesa.1999.1824     Document Type: Article

References (53)

1. Aboul-Kassim T. A., Simoneit B. R. T. Detergents: A review of the nature, chemistry and behavior in the aquatic environment: Part 1. Chemical composition and analytical techniques. Crit. Rev. Environ. Sci. & Technol. 24:1993;325-346.
2. Ainsworth S. J. Soaps and detergents. Chem. Eng. News. 1992;27-63.
3. Ankley G. T., Burkhard L. P. Identification of surfactants as toxicanvts in a primary effluent. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 11:1992;1235-1248.
4. Standard Guide for Conducting Acute Toxicity Tests on Aqueous Effluents with Fishes, Macroinvertebrates, and Amphibians. 1988;American Society for Testing and Materials.
5. Broderius S. J., Kahl M. Acute toxicity of organic chemical mixtures to the Fathead Minnow. Aquat. Toxicol. 6:1985;307-322.
6. Calabrese A. J. Multiple Chemical Interactions. 1991;Lewis Publications, Chelsea.
7. Cano M. L., Dyer S. D., DeCarvalhos A. J. Effect of sediment organic carbon on the toxicity of a surfactant to Hyalella azteca. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 15:1996;1411-1417.
8. Canton J. H., Slooff W. Substitutes for phosphate containing washing products: Their toxicity and biodegradability in the aquatic environment. Chemosphere. 11:1982;891-907.
9. Chambon P. The effects of phosphate-free detergents on the environment. Biologi Italiani. 10:1990;22-23.
10. Dowden B. F. Cumulative toxicities of some inorganic salts to Daphnia magna as determined by median tolerance limits. Proc. La. Acad. Sci. 23:1961;77-85.
11. Dowden B. F., Bennett H. J. Toxicity of selected chemicals to certain animals. J. Water Pollut. Control Fed. 37:1965;1308-1316.
12. Dwyer M., Yeoman S., Lester J. N., Perry R. A review of non-phosphate detergent builders, utilisation and environmental assessment. Environ. Technol. 11:1990;263-294.
13. EIFAC (European Inland Fisheries Advisory Commission - Working Party for Water Quality Criteria for European Freshwater Fish), 1987, Revised Report on Combined Effects on Freshwater Fish and Other Aquatic Life of Mixtures of Toxicants in Water, Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations, Rome, Italy.
14. Feijtal T. C. F., Van de Plassche E. J. Environmental Risk Characterisation of 4 Major Surfactants used in The Netherlands. 1995;Rijksinstituut Voor Volksgezondheid en Milieu and Nederlandse Vereniging Van Zeepfabrikanten, Bilthoven.
15. Freeman L., Fowler I. Toxicity of combinations of certain inorganic compounds to Daphnia magna Straus. Sewage Ind. Waste. 25:1953;1191-1195.
16. Guha S., Jaffé P. R. Bioavailability of hydrophobic compounds partitioned into the micellar phase of nonionic surfactants. Enviorn. Sci. Technol. 30:1996;1382-1391.
17. Hackman R. H. Chitin and the fine structure of cuticles. Wright J. E., Retnakaran A. Chitin and Benzophenyl Ureas. 1987;1-32 Junk Publishers, Dordrecht.
18. Hamilton M. A., Russo R. C., Thurston R. V. Trimmed Spearman-Karber method for estimating median lethal concentrations in toxicity bioassays. Environ. Sci. Technol. 11:1977;714-719.
19. Hennes-Morgan E. C., de Oude N. T. Detergents. Calow P. Handbook of Ecotoxicology. 2:1994;130-154 Blackwell Scientific, Oxford.
20. Hewlett P. S., Plackett R. L. A unified theory for quantal responses to mixtures of drugs: Non-interactive action. Biometrics. 15:1959;591-610.
21. Holman F. W., Macek K. J. An aquatic safety assessment of linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS): Chronic effects on fathead minnows. Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. 109:1980;122-131.
22. Horstmann U., Gelpke N. Algal growth stimulation by chelatisation risks associated with complexants in P-free washing agents. Revue Internationale d'Océanographie Médicale. 260:1991;101-104.
23. Jobling S., Nolan M., Tyler C. R., Brightly G., Sumpter J. P. Widespread sexual disruption in wild fish. Environ. Toxicol. Saf. 32:1998;2498-2506.
24. Jobling S., Sumpter J. P. Detergent components in sewage effluent are weakly oestrogenic to fish: An in-vitro study using rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) hepatocytes. Aquat. Toxicol. 27:1993;361-372.
25. Julli M., Chapman J., Thomson G. T. Use of Australian cladocerans to generate life-cycle toxicity data. Environ. Monitor Assess. 14:1990;353-362.
26. Kimerle R. A. Aquatic and terrestrial ecotoxicology of linear alkylbenzene sulfonate. Tenside Surf. Det. 26:1989;169-176.
27. Könemann H. Structure-activity relationships and additivity in fish toxicities of environmental pollutants. Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf. 4:1980;415-421.
28. Keplinger M. L., Fancher O. E., Lyman F. L., Calandra J. C. Toxicologic studies of four fluorescent whitening agents. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 27:1974;494-506.
29. Lewis M. A. The effects of mixtures and other environmental modifying factors on the toxicities of surfactants to freshwater and marine life. Water. Res. 26:1992;1013-1023.
30. Lo, N. C. H.1994. Level of Significance and Power of Two Commonly Used Procedures for Comparing Mean Values Based on Confidence Intervals. CalCOFI Rep. 35, pp. 246-253.
31. Maier K. J., Knight A. W. The toxicity of waterborne boron to Daphnia magna and Chironomus decorus and the effects of water hardness and sulfate on boron toxicity. Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 20:1991;282-287.
32. Marking L. L. Toxicity of chemical mixtures. Rand G. M., Petrocelli S. R. Fundamentals of Aquatic Toxicology. 1985;164-176 Hemisphere, New York.
33. McAvoy D. C., Eckhoff W. S., Rapaport R. A. Fate of linear alkylbenzene sulfonate in the environment. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 12:1993;977-987.
34. Morse G. K., Lester J. N., Perry R. The environmental and economic impact of key detergent builder systems in the European Union. 1994;Seper Publications, London.
35. Nelson L. S. Evaluating overlapping confidence intervals. J. Qual. Technol. 1989;140-141.
36. Painter H. A. Anionic surfactants. De Oude N. T. Handbook of Environmental Chemistry Vol. 3. Part F. Anthropogenic Compounds: Detergents. 1992;1-88 Springer-Verlag, Berlin.
37. Pilli, A, Carle, D. O, and, Sheedy, B. R. 1989, AQUIRE: Aquatic Toxicity Information Retrieval Data Base. Technical Support Document, US EPA, Environmental Research Laboratory, Duluth, MN, 55804.
38. Poremba K. Influence of synthetic and biogenic surfactants on the toxicity of water-soluble fractions of hydrocarbons in sea water determined with the bioluminescence inhibition test. Environ. Pollut. 80:1993;25-29.
39. Prats D., Ruiz F., Vazquez B., Zarzo D., Berna J. L., Moreno A. LAS homolog distribution shift during wastewater treatment and composting: Ecological implications. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 12:1993;1599-1608.
40. Ross, H, and, Warne, M. St. J, in preparation. A probabilistic approach to dealing with mixture toxicity.
41. Scholten, M. C. Th. Jak, R. G, Foekama, E. M, Blake, G, Merlin, G, Prats, D, and, Hernández, P. 1994, Ecological Control of Algal Densities. Towards a Better Comprehension of Eutrophicational Problems in Aquatic Ecosystems. TNO Report No, TNO-MW-R94/280, TNO (Institute of Environmental Sciences), Delft, The Netherlands.
42. Traina S. J., McAvoy D. C., Versteeg D. J. Association of linear alkylbenzenesulfonates with dissolved humic substances and its effect on bioavailability. Environ. Sci. Technol. 30:1996;1300-1309.
43. Turner A. H., Abram F. S., Brown V. M., Painter H. A. The biodegradability of two primary alcohol ethoxylate nonionic surfactants under practical conditions and the toxicity of the biodegradation products to rainbow trout. Water Res. 19:1985;45-51.
44. Substitutes for Tripolyphosphates in Detergents. 1992;United Nations Publications, Geneva.
45. Valsaraj K. T., Thibodeux L. J. Relationships between micelle-water and octanol-water partition constants for hydrophobic organics of environmental interest. Water Res. 23:1989;183-189.
46. Van Leeuwen C. J., Verhaar H. J. M., Hermens J. L. M. Quality criteria and risk assessment for mixtures of chemicals in the aquatic environment. Human Ecol. Risk Assess. 2:1996;419-425.
47. Wallen I. E., Greer W. C., Lasater R. Toxicity to Gambusia affinis of certain pure chemicals in turbid waters. Sewage Ind. Wastes. 29:1957;695-711.
48. Warne M. St. J. Acute toxicity of laundry detergents to an Australian cladoceran (Ceriodaphnia dubia). Australasian J. Ecotoxicol. 1:1995;127-136.
49. Warne M. St. J., Hawker D. W. The number of components in a mixture determines whether synergistic and antagonistic or additive toxicity predominate: The funnel hypothesis. Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf. 31:1995;23-28.
50. Warne, M. St. J, and, Julli, M. Protocol for acute and chronic toxicity tests using the cladocerans Ceriodaphnia cf. dubia Richard and Daphnia carinata King. New South Wales Environment Protection Authority, in press.
51. Warne, M. St. J, Vaughan, G, and, Stauber, J. 1996, Toxicity of laundry detergents to the freshwater invertebrate Ceriodaphnia dubia, the alga Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata and the marine bacterium Vibrio fischeri. In, Proceedings of INTERSECT - International Symposium on Environmental Chemistry and Toxicology - Sydney, Australia, July 14-18, 1996.
52. Tenside Surf. Det. 26:1984;169-176.
53. Selection Procedures for Priority Existing Chemicals. 1991;Worksafe Australia, Sydney.