-
1
-
-
0001363860
-
-
Eds.: O. A. Attanasi, D. Spinelli, Societa' Chimica Italiana, Rome, and references therein
-
Review: C. Ghiron, T. Rossi, The Chemistry of Trinems in Targets in Heterocydic Systems - Chemistry and Properties (Eds.: O. A. Attanasi, D. Spinelli), Societa' Chimica Italiana, Rome, vol. 1, pp. 161-186, 1997; and references therein.
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(1997)
The Chemistry of Trinems in Targets in Heterocydic Systems - Chemistry and Properties
, vol.1
, pp. 161-186
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-
Ghiron, C.1
Rossi, T.2
-
2
-
-
0030499163
-
-
and references therein
-
Review: J. Ngo, J. Castañer, Drugs of the Future 1996, 21, 1238-1245; and references therein.
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(1996)
Drugs of the Future
, vol.21
, pp. 1238-1245
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-
Ngo, J.1
Castañer, J.2
-
3
-
-
0345217796
-
-
European Patent Application 97400458-2, 1998
-
References 1 and 2 list all the reported syntheses of compound 1. For more recent reports see: [3a] T. Murayama. S. Mitsuhashi, T. Miura, European Patent Application 97400458-2, 1998.
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-
-
Murayama, T.1
Mitsuhashi, S.2
Miura, T.3
-
6
-
-
0030028910
-
-
Almost thirty different syntheses of 4 have been reported. For a review see: [4a] A. H. Berks, Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 331-375. For a synthesis based on the use of thioester 5 see:
-
(1996)
Tetrahedron
, vol.52
, pp. 331-375
-
-
Berks, A.H.1
-
7
-
-
0031906061
-
-
[4b] F. Cozzi, R. Annunziata, M. Cinquini, L. Poletti, A. Perboni, B. Tamburini, Chirality, 1998, 10, 91-94.
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(1998)
Chirality
, vol.10
, pp. 91-94
-
-
Cozzi, F.1
Annunziata, R.2
Cinquini, M.3
Poletti, L.4
Perboni, A.5
Tamburini, B.6
-
8
-
-
0029146084
-
-
These precursors can be achiral, racemic or enantiomerically pure. For examples see: [5a] T. Rossi, S. Biondi, S. Contini, R. J. Thomas, C. Marchioro, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 9604-9605.
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(1995)
J. Am. Chem. Soc.
, vol.117
, pp. 9604-9605
-
-
Rossi, T.1
Biondi, S.2
Contini, S.3
Thomas, R.J.4
Marchioro, C.5
-
10
-
-
0030932639
-
-
[5c] T. Rossi, C. Marchioro, A. Paio, R. J. Thomas, P. Zarantonello, J. Org. Chem. 1997, 62, 1653-1661.
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(1997)
J. Org. Chem.
, vol.62
, pp. 1653-1661
-
-
Rossi, T.1
Marchioro, C.2
Paio, A.3
Thomas, R.J.4
Zarantonello, P.5
-
11
-
-
0030272837
-
-
[6a] M. Panunzio, R. Camerini, R. Pachera, D. Donati, C. Marchioro, A. Perboni, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1996, 7, 2929-2938.
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(1996)
Tetrahedron: Asymmetry
, vol.7
, pp. 2929-2938
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-
Panunzio, M.1
Camerini, R.2
Pachera, R.3
Donati, D.4
Marchioro, C.5
Perboni, A.6
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12
-
-
0031026885
-
-
[6b] M. Panunzio, R. Camerini, A. Mazzoni, D. Donati, C. Marchioro, R. Pachera, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1997, 8, 15-18.
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(1997)
Tetrahedron: Asymmetry
, vol.8
, pp. 15-18
-
-
Panunzio, M.1
Camerini, R.2
Mazzoni, A.3
Donati, D.4
Marchioro, C.5
Pachera, R.6
-
13
-
-
33748883950
-
-
P. M. Jackson, S. M. Roberts, S. Davalli, D. Donati, C. Marchioro, A. Perboni, S. Provera, T. Rossi, J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1 1996, 2029-2039.
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(1996)
J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1
, pp. 2029-2039
-
-
Jackson, P.M.1
Roberts, S.M.2
Davalli, S.3
Donati, D.4
Marchioro, C.5
Perboni, A.6
Provera, S.7
Rossi, T.8
-
14
-
-
0029028782
-
-
[4b] and: [8a] R. Annunziata, M. Benaglia, A. Chiovato, M. Cinquini, F. Cozzi, Tetrahedron 1995, 51, 10025-10032.
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(1995)
Tetrahedron
, vol.51
, pp. 10025-10032
-
-
Annunziata, R.1
Benaglia, M.2
Chiovato, A.3
Cinquini, M.4
Cozzi, F.5
-
15
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0032485222
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[8b] V. Molteni, R. Annunziata, M. Cinquini, F. Cozzi, M. Benaglia, Tetrahedron Lett. 1998, 39, 1257-1260.
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(1998)
Tetrahedron Lett.
, vol.39
, pp. 1257-1260
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-
Molteni, V.1
Annunziata, R.2
Cinquini, M.3
Cozzi, F.4
Benaglia, M.5
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16
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-
0026760257
-
-
(R)-5 was obtained in three simple steps from ethyl (A)-3-hydroxy butanoate in 83% yield. It is a white solid that can be stored at -20°C for at least six months without decomposition
-
R. Annunziata, M. Cinquini, F. Cozzi, P. G. Cozzi, J. Org. Chem. 1992, 57, 4155-4162. (R)-5 was obtained in three simple steps from ethyl (A)-3-hydroxy butanoate in 83% yield. It is a white solid that can be stored at -20°C for at least six months without decomposition.
-
(1992)
J. Org. Chem.
, vol.57
, pp. 4155-4162
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-
Annunziata, R.1
Cinquini, M.2
Cozzi, F.3
Cozzi, P.G.4
-
17
-
-
0345649644
-
-
note
-
The allyl protecting group was selected among a few other tested groups (benzyl, trimethylsilyl, acetyl) because of its stability under the reaction conditions as well as its mild and selective removal.
-
-
-
-
18
-
-
0000504848
-
-
and references therein
-
For leading references to the generation of trichlorotitanium enolates by this procedure see: D. A. Evans, M. T. Bilodeau, T. C. Somers, J. Clardy, D. Cherry, Y Kato, J. Org. Chem. 1991, 56, 5750-5752; and references therein.
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(1991)
J. Org. Chem.
, vol.56
, pp. 5750-5752
-
-
Evans, D.A.1
Bilodeau, M.T.2
Somers, T.C.3
Clardy, J.4
Cherry, D.5
Kato, Y.6
-
19
-
-
0344355101
-
-
note
-
Best yields and stereoselectivities were obtained with 2 mol equiv. of 5 per mol equiv. of imine on maintaining the condensation temperature at -78°C for 5 h and then allowing the temperature to rise to room temp, overnight. Other stoichiometries and reaction conditions were tested with less success. For instance, when 1 mol equiv. of titanium enolate was employed, the yield dropped to 60%. When the condensation was started at -78°C and then immediately warmed to room temp, the yield of 7 remained unchanged (96%) but minor amounts (ca. 10%) of a 3,4-cis isomer were obtained.
-
-
-
-
20
-
-
0344355100
-
-
note
-
When the deallylation reaction was attempted on the N-protected β-lactams these were quantitatively recovered.
-
-
-
-
21
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-
0023149442
-
-
G. I. Georg, J. Kant, H. S. Gill, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1987, 109, 1129-1135.
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(1987)
J. Am. Chem. Soc.
, vol.109
, pp. 1129-1135
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Georg, G.I.1
Kant, J.2
Gill, H.S.3
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22
-
-
33748227426
-
-
D. M. Rudkevich, Z. Brzozka, M. Palys, H. Visser, W. Verboom, D. N. Reinhoudt, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1994, 33, 467-468.
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(1994)
Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl.
, vol.33
, pp. 467-468
-
-
Rudkevich, D.M.1
Brzozka, Z.2
Palys, M.3
Visser, H.4
Verboom, W.5
Reinhoudt, D.N.6
-
23
-
-
0030019967
-
-
For a recent review on the stereoselective reduction of aromatic compounds see: T. J. Donohue, R. Garg, C. A. Stevenson, Tetrahedron: Asymmetry 1996, 7, 317-344.
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(1996)
Tetrahedron: Asymmetry
, vol.7
, pp. 317-344
-
-
Donohue, T.J.1
Garg, R.2
Stevenson, C.A.3
-
24
-
-
0027527844
-
-
[4a] For other references describing attack from the side of the H at C-4 on a trigonal carbon at C-4′ in β-lactams see: [17a] R. Annunziata, M. Benaglia, M. Cinquini, F. Cozzi, F. Ponzini, J. Org. Chem. 1993, 58, 4746-4748.
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(1993)
J. Org. Chem.
, vol.58
, pp. 4746-4748
-
-
Annunziata, R.1
Benaglia, M.2
Cinquini, M.3
Cozzi, F.4
Ponzini, F.5
-
25
-
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0025052319
-
-
[17b] C. Palomo, A. Arrieta, F. P. Cossio, J. M. Aizpurua, A. Mielgo, N. Aurrekoetxea, Tetrahedron Lett. 1990, 31, 6429-6432.
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(1990)
Tetrahedron Lett.
, vol.31
, pp. 6429-6432
-
-
Palomo, C.1
Arrieta, A.2
Cossio, F.P.3
Aizpurua, J.M.4
Mielgo, A.5
Aurrekoetxea, N.6
-
26
-
-
0345649642
-
-
note
-
While the Swern oxidation proceeded smoothly (typical yield 70 to 80%), the reduction was sluggish. Generally, recovery of the unchanged phenols was possible.
-
-
-
-
27
-
-
0001766037
-
-
Solvents more polar than AcOEt are known to accelerate the hydrogenation; for examples see: J. H. Stocker, J. Org. Chem. 1962, 27, 2288-2289; J. C. Sircar, A. I. Meyers, J. Org. Chem. 1965, 30, 3206-3207. In our case however, their use resulted in extensive substrate decomposition.
-
(1962)
J. Org. Chem.
, vol.27
, pp. 2288-2289
-
-
Stocker, J.H.1
-
28
-
-
0344786928
-
-
In our case however, their use resulted in extensive substrate decomposition
-
Solvents more polar than AcOEt are known to accelerate the hydrogenation; for examples see: J. H. Stocker, J. Org. Chem. 1962, 27, 2288-2289; J. C. Sircar, A. I. Meyers, J. Org. Chem. 1965, 30, 3206-3207. In our case however, their use resulted in extensive substrate decomposition.
-
(1965)
J. Org. Chem.
, vol.30
, pp. 3206-3207
-
-
Sircar, J.C.1
Meyers, A.I.2
-
29
-
-
85088085123
-
-
note
-
4 reduction of the ketone generously provided by GlaxoWellcome.
-
-
-
-
30
-
-
0028814195
-
-
3/trioctylamine: [21a] F. Fache, S. Lehuede, M. Lemaire, Tetrahedron Lett. 1995, 36, 885-888;
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(1995)
Tetrahedron Lett.
, vol.36
, pp. 885-888
-
-
Fache, F.1
Lehuede, S.2
Lemaire, M.3
-
31
-
-
0344355097
-
-
reported inferior results in terms of chemical yield. Birch-type reductions led to N-C4 bond cleavage
-
3)]: [21b] M. A. Bennet, T.-N. Huang, T. W. Turney, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1979, 312-313 reported inferior results in terms of chemical yield. Birch-type reductions led to N-C4 bond cleavage.
-
J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun.
, vol.1979
, pp. 312-313
-
-
Bennet, M.A.1
Huang, T.-N.2
Turney, T.W.3
-
32
-
-
84986437005
-
-
two thousand steps of Pseudo-Systematic Monte Carlo search were performed
-
The Macromodel/Batchmin package was used: [22a] F. Mohamadi, N. G. J. Richards, W. C. Guida, R. Liskamp, M. Lipton, C. Caufield, G. Chang, T Hendrickson, W. C. Still, J. Comput. Chem. 1990, 11, 440-467; two thousand steps of Pseudo-Systematic Monte Carlo search were performed:
-
(1990)
J. Comput. Chem.
, vol.11
, pp. 440-467
-
-
Mohamadi, F.1
Richards, N.G.J.2
Guida, W.C.3
Liskamp, R.4
Lipton, M.5
Caufield, C.6
Chang, G.7
Hendrickson, T.8
Still, W.C.9
-
34
-
-
0003323222
-
Molecular mechanics
-
American Chemical Society; Washington D.C., and Truncated Newton conjugated gradient
-
four torsions (around the Me/O, C-3/C-3′, C-4/C-4′, and HO/C bonds were set as variables with the standard resolution and chirality check on the stereocenters to avoid epimerization; energy minimization with MM2 force field : [22c] U. Burkert, N. L. Allinger, Molecular Mechanics, ACS Monograph 177, American Chemical Society; Washington D.C., 1982; and Truncated Newton conjugated gradient:
-
(1982)
ACS Monograph 177
-
-
Burkert, U.1
Allinger, N.L.2
-
35
-
-
84988112508
-
-
was subsequently performed, and duplicate conformers eliminated. Only unique conformations within 25 kJ/mol from the global minimum were saved. All conformations were sampled several times, thus ensuring the convergence of the search
-
[22d] J. W. Ponder, F. M. Richards, J. Comput. Chem. 1987, 8, 1016-1024) was subsequently performed, and duplicate conformers eliminated. Only unique conformations within 25 kJ/mol from the global minimum were saved. All conformations were sampled several times, thus ensuring the convergence of the search.
-
(1987)
J. Comput. Chem.
, vol.8
, pp. 1016-1024
-
-
Ponder, J.W.1
Richards, F.M.2
-
36
-
-
37049101414
-
-
B. J. VanKeulen, R. M. Kellogg, O. Piepers, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1979, 285-286.
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(1979)
J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun.
, pp. 285-286
-
-
Vankeulen, B.J.1
Kellogg, R.M.2
Piepers, O.3
-
37
-
-
85088083784
-
-
note
-
[5b]
-
-
-
-
38
-
-
33845282738
-
-
This catalyst was ineffective in the reduction of 11 and 14
-
J. Blum, I. Amer, K. P. C. Vollhardt, H. Schwartz, G. Höhne, J. Org. Chem. 1987, 52, 2804-2813. This catalyst was ineffective in the reduction of 11 and 14.
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(1987)
J. Org. Chem.
, vol.52
, pp. 2804-2813
-
-
Blum, J.1
Amer, I.2
Vollhardt, K.P.C.3
Schwartz, H.4
Höhne, G.5
-
39
-
-
0032480942
-
-
For a recent synthesis of a compound similar to 19 by aromatic ring reduction see: M. Anada, S. Hashimoto, Tetrahedron Lett. 1998, 39, 9063-9066.
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(1998)
Tetrahedron Lett.
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, pp. 9063-9066
-
-
Anada, M.1
Hashimoto, S.2
-
40
-
-
0030958694
-
-
R. DiFabio, T. Rossi, R. J. Thomas, Tetrahedron Lett. 1997, 38, 3587-3590.
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(1997)
Tetrahedron Lett.
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-
-
DiFabio, R.1
Rossi, T.2
Thomas, R.J.3
-
43
-
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0030853638
-
-
B. Bertani, R. DiFabio, C. Ghiron, A. Perboni, T. Rossi, R. J. Thomas, P. Zarantonello, Tetrahedron, 1997, 53, 15011-15028.
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(1997)
Tetrahedron
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-
Bertani, B.1
DiFabio, R.2
Ghiron, C.3
Perboni, A.4
Rossi, T.5
Thomas, R.J.6
Zarantonello, P.7
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