Glycine: A new anti-inflammatory immunonutrient

Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences

Volumn 56, Issue 9-10, 1999, Pages 843-856

  Wheeler, M D ^a   Ikejema, K ^a   Enomoto, N ^a   Stacklewitz, R F ^a   Seabra, V ^a   Zhong, Z ^a   Yin, M ^a   Schemmer, P ^a   Rose, M L ^a   Rusyn, I ^a   Bradford, B ^a   Thurman, R G ^a,b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA   (United States)

Author keywords

Anti inflammatory; Glycine; Glycine receptor; Immunoregulation

Indexed keywords

BUFFER; CHLORIDE; CHLORIDE CHANNEL; GLYCINE; MESSENGER RNA; NEUROTRANSMITTER; STRYCHNINE;

ADULT RESPIRATORY DISTRESS SYNDROME; ANTIINFLAMMATORY ACTIVITY; ARTHRITIS; CANCER INHIBITION; CELL MEMBRANE DEPOLARIZATION; CONTROLLED STUDY; DIETARY INTAKE; ENDOTOXEMIA; HUMAN; IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE TREATMENT; INFLAMMATION; ISOTOPE LABELING; KUPFFER CELL; LEUKOCYTE; LIVER ISCHEMIA; LIVER TRANSPLANTATION; LUNG ALVEOLUS MACROPHAGE; LYMPHOCYTE; MELANOMA B16; NERVE FIBER TRANSPORT; NEUTROPHIL; NONHUMAN; NUTRIENT; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; REPERFUSION; REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; REVIEW; SEPSIS; SPINAL CORD; WESTERN BLOTTING;

EID: 0032698179     PISSN: 1420682X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s000180050030     Document Type: Review

References (67)

1. Rajendra S., Lynch J. W. and Schofield P. R. (1997) The glycine receptor. Pharmacol. Ther. 73: 121-146
2. Werman R., Davidoff R. A. and Aprison M. H. (1968) Inhibitory action of glycine on spinal neurons in the cat. J. Neurophysiol. 31: 81-95
3. Werman R., Davidoff R. A. and Aprison M. H. (1967) Inhibition of motoneurons by ionophoresis of glycine. Nature 214: 681-683
4. Davidoff R. A., Graham L. T. Jr, Shank R. P., Werman R. and Aprison M. H. (1967) Changes in amino acid concentrations associated with loss of spinal interneurons. J. Neurochem. 14: 1025-1031
5. Araki T., Ito M. and Oscarsson O. (1961) Anion permeability of the synaptic and non-synaptic motoneurone membrane. J. Physiol. 159: 410-435
6. Aprison M. H. and Werman R. (1965) The distribution of glycine in cat spinal cord and roots. Life Sci. 4:2075-2083
7. Hokfelt T. and Ljungdahl A. (1971) Light and electron microscopic autoradiograph on spinal cord slices after incubation with labeled glycine. Brain Res. 32: 189-194
8. Curtis D. R., Hosli L., Johnston G. A. R. and Johnston I. H. (1968) The hyperpolerization of spinal motoneurones by glycine and related amino acids. Exp. Brain Res. 5: 235-258
9. Curtis D. R., Hosli L. and Johnston G. A. R. (1968) A pharmacological study of the depression of spinal neurones by glycine and related amino acids. Exp. Brain Res. 6: 1-18
10. Curtis D. R. (1962) The depression of spinal inhibition by electrophoretically administered strychnine. Int. J. Neuropharmacol. 1: 239-250
11. Young A. B. and Snyder S. H. (1973) Strychnine binding associated with glycine receptors of the central nervous system. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 70: 2832-2836
12. Pfeiffer F. and Betz H. (1981) Solubilization of the glycine receptor from the rat spinal cord. Brain Res. 226: 273-279
13. Pfeiffer F., Graham D. and Betz H. (1982) Purification by affinity chromotography of the glycine receptor of rat spinal cord. J. Biol. Chem. 257: 9389-9393
14. Ikejima K., Qu W., Stachlewitz R. F. and Thurman R. G. (1997) Kupffer cells contain a glycine-gated chloride channel. Am. J. Physiol. 272: G1581-G1586
15. Wheeler M. D. and Thurman R. G. (in press) Production of superoxide and TNFx from alveolar macrophages is blunted by glycine. Am. J. Physiol.
16. Stachlewitz R. F., Ikejima K. and Thurman R. G. (1995) Increases in intracellular calcium in neutrophils (PMNs) due to formyl-methionine-leucine-phenylalanine (FMLP) and endotoxin are blocked completely by glycine. Hepatology 22: 1105
17. Ikejima K., Iimuro Y., Forman D. T. and Thurman R. G. (1996) A diet containing glycine improves survival in endotoxin shock in the rat. Am. J. Physiol. 271: G97-G103
18. Yin M., Ikejima K., Arteel G. E., Seabra V., Bradford B. U., Kono H. et al. (1998) Glycine accelerates recovery from alcohol-induced liver injury. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 286: 1014-1019
19. Rose M. L., Madren J., Bunzendahl H. and Thurman R. G. (1999) Dietary glycine inhibits the growth of B16 melanoma tumors in mice. Carcinogenesis 20: 793-798
20. Thurman R. G., Zhong Z., Frankenberg M. V., Stachlewitz R. F. and Bunzendahl H. (1997) Prevention of cyclosporin-induced nephrotoxicity with dietary glycine. Transplantation 63: 1661-1667
21. Clapham D. E. (1995) Calcium signaling. Cell 80: 259-268
22. Berridge M. J. (1984) Inositol trisphosphate and diacylglycerol as second messengers. Biochem. J. 220:345-360
23. Putney J. W. (1993) Excitement about calcium signaling in inexcitable cells. Science 262: 676-678
24. Putney J. W., Takemura H., Hughes A. R., Horstman D. A. and Thastrup O. (1989) How do inositol phosphates regulate calcium signaling? FASEB J. 3: 1899-1905
25. Hijioka T., Rosenberg R. L., Lemasters J. J. and Thurman R. G. (1992) Kupffer cells contain voltage-dependent calcium channels. Mol. Pharmacol. 41: 435-440
26. Perera P-Y., Vogel S. N., Detore G. R., Haziot A. and Goyert S. M. (1997) CD 14-dependent and CD 14-independent signaling pathways in murine macrophages from normal and CD14 knockout mice stimulated with lipopolysaccharide or taxol. J. Immunol. 158: 4422-4429
27. Pugin J., Kravchenko V. V., Lee J. D., Kline L., Ulevitch R. J. and Tobias P. S. (1998) Cell activation mediated by glycosylphosphatidyl inositol-anchored or transmembrane forms of CD14. Infect. Immunol. 66: 1174-1180
28. Ulevitch R. J. and Tobias P. S. (1995) Receptor-dependent mechanisms of cell stimulation by bacterial endotoxin. Annu. Rev. Immunol. 13: 437-457
29. Takei Y., Marzi I., Kauffman F. C., Lemasters J. J. and Thurman R. G. (1990) Increase in survival time of liver transplants from injury by protease inhibitors and a calcium channel blocker, nisoldipine. Transplantation 50: 14-20
30. Marzi I., Walcher F. and Buhren V. (1993) Macrophage activation and leukocyte adhesion after liver transplantation. Am. J. Physiol. 265: G172-G177
31. Takei Y., Marzi I., Kauffman F. C., Cowper K. B., Lemasters J. J. and Thurman R. G. (1990) Prevention of early graft failure by the calcium channel blocker nisoldipine: Involvement of Kupffer cells. Transplant. Proc. 22: 2202-2203
32. Becker C.-M., Hoch W. and Betz H. (1988) Glycine receptor heterogeneity in rat spinal cord during postnatal development. EMBO J. 7: 3717-3726
33. Betz, H., Langosch, D., Hoch, W., Prior, P., Pribilla, I., Kuhse, J. et al. (1991) Structure and expression of inhibitory glycine receptors. In: Neuroreceptor Mechanisms in Brain, pp. 421-429, Kito S. (ed.), Plenum Press, New York
34. Kuhse J., Schmieden V. and Betz H. (1990) Identification and functional expression of a novel binding subunit of the inhibitory glycine receptor. J. Biol. Chem. 265: 22317-22320
35. Pfeiffer F., Simler R., Grenningloh G. and Betz H. (1984) Monoclonal antibodies and peptide mapping reveal structural similarities between the subunits of the glycine receptor of rat spinal chord. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 81: 7224-7227
36. Grenningloh G., Schmieden V., Schofield P. R., Seeberg P. H., Siddique T., Mohandas T. K. et al. (1990) Alpha subunit variants of the human glycine receptor: Primary structures, functional expression, and chromosomal localization of the corresponding genes. EMBO J. 9: 771-779
37. Handford C. A., Lynch J. W., Baker E., Webb G. C., Ford J. H., Sutherland G. R. et al. (1996) The human glycine receptor beta subunit: Primary structure, functional characterization and chromosomal localization of the human and murine genes. Brain Res. Mol. Brain Res. 35: 211-219
38. Ryan S. G., Buckwalter M. S., Lynch J. W., Handford C. A., Segura L., Shiang R. et al. (1994) A missense mutation in the gene encoding the alpha 1 subunit of the inhibitory glycine receptor in the spasmodic mouse. Nat. Genet. 7: 131-135
39. Saul B., Schmieden V., Kling C., Mulhardt C., Gass P., Kuhse J. et al. (1994) Point mutation of glycine receptor alpha 1 subunit in spasmatic mouse affects agonist responses. FEBS Lett. 350: 71-76
40. Kingsmore S. F., Giros B., Suh D., Bieniarz M., Caron M. G. and Seldin M. F. (1994) Glycine receptor beta-subunit gene mutation in spastic mouse associated with LINE-1 element insertion. Nat. Genet. 7: 136-141
41. Matzenbach B., Maulet Y., Sefton L., Courtier B., Avner P., Guenet J.-L. et al. (1994) Structural analysis of mouse glycine receptor alpha subunit genes: Identification and chromosomal localization of a novel variant. J. Biol. Chem. 269: 2607-2612
42. Krishtal O. A., Osipchuk Y. V. and Vrublevsky S. V. (1988) Properties of glycine-activated conductances in rat brain neurones. Neurosci. Lett. 84: 271-276
43. Akaike N. and Kaneda M. (1989) Glycine-gated chloride currents in acutely isolated rat hypothalamic neurons. J. Neurophysiol. 62: 1400-1408
44. Sontheimer H., Becker C.-M., Pritchett D. B., Schofield P. R., Grenningloh G., Kettenmann H. et al. (1989) Functional chloride channels by mammalian cell expression of rat glycine receptor subunit. Neuron 2: 1491-1497
45. Pribilla I., Takagi T., Langosch D., Bormann J. and Betz H. (1992) The atypical M2 segment of the beta-subunit confirs picrotoxin resistance to inhibitory glycine receptor channels. EMBO J. 11: 4305-4311
46. Genderson C. B., Miledi R. and Parker I. (1984) Properties of human brain glycine receptors expressed in Xenopus oocytes. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B 221: 235-244
47. Akagi H. and Miledi R. (1988) Heterogeneity of glycine receptors and their messenger RNAs in rat brain and spinal cord. Science 242: 270-273
48. Rajendra S., Lynch J. W., Pierce K. D., French C. R., Barry P. H. and Schofield P. R. (1995) Mutation of a single amino acid in the human glycine receptor transforms β-alanine and taurine from agonist into competitive antagonists. Neuron 14: 169-175
49. - ion flux in rat brain synaptoneurosomes. J. Neurochem. 50: 302-306
50. Seabra V., Stachlewitz R. F. and Thurman R. G. (1998) Taurine blunts LPS-induced increases in intracellular calcium and TNF-x production by Kupffer cells. J. Leukoc. Biol. 64: 615-621
51. Spittler A., Reissner C. M., Oehler J. R., Gornikiewicz A., Gruenberger T., Manhart N. et al. (1999) Immunomodulatory effects of glycine on LPS-treated monocytes: Reduced TNF-x production and accelerated IL-10 expression. FASEB J. 13: 563-571
52. Wheeler, M. D., Seabra, V., and Thurman, R. G. (in press) Molecular evidence for glycine-gated chloride channel in Kupffer cells. In: Cells of the Hepatic Sinusoid, Wisse, E., Knook, D. L. and Wake, K. (eds), The Kupffer Cell Foundation, Leiden, The Netherlands
53. Miller G. W., Lock E. A. and Schnellmann R. G. (1994) Strychnine and glycine protect renal proximal tubules from various nephrotoxicants and act in the late phase of necrotic cell injury. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 125: 192-197
54. Iimuro Y., Bradford B. U., Forman D. T. and Thurman R. G. (1996) Glycine prevents alcohol-induced liver injury by decreasing alcohol in the stomach. Gastroenterology 110: 1536-1542
55. Stachlewitz R. F., Seabra V., Bradford B. U., Bradham C. A., Rusyn I., Germolec D. et al. (1999) Glycine and uridine prevent D-galactosamine hepatotoxicity in the rat: Role of Kupffer cells. Hepatology 29: 737-745
56. Rose M. L., Germolec D. R., Arteel G. E., Schoonhoven R. and Thurman R. G. (1997) Dietary glycine prevents increases in hepatocyte proliferation caused by the peroxisome proliferator WY-14,643. Chem. Res. Toxicol. 10: 1198-1204
57. Zhong Z., Arteel G. E., Connor H., Yin M., Frankenberg M. V., Stachlewitz R. F. et al. (1998) Cyclosporin A increases hypoxia and free radical production in the rat kidney: Prevention by dietary glycine. Am. J. Physiol. 275: F595-F604
58. Zhong Z., Jones S. and Thurman R. G. (1996) Glycine minimizes reperfusion injury in a low-flow, reflow liver perfusion model in the rat. Am. J. Physiol. 270: G332-G338
59. Schemmer P., Bradford B. U., Rose M. L., Bunzendahl H., Raleigh J. A., Lemasters J. J. et al. (1999) Intravenous glycine improves survival in rat liver transplantation. Am. J. Physiol. 276: G932
60. Schemmer P., Schoonhoven R., Swenberg J. A., Bunzendahl H. and Thurman R. G. (1998) Gentle in situ liver manipulation during organ harvest decreases survival after rat liver transplantation: Role of Kupffer cells. Transplantation 65: 1015-1020
61. Hardonk M. J., Dijkhuis F. W. J., Hulstaert C. E. and Koudstaal J. (1992) Heterogeneity of rat liver and spleen macrophages in gadolinium chloride-induced elimination and repopulation. J. Leukoc. Biol. 52: 296-302
62. Iimuro Y., Bradford B. U., Forman D. T. and Thurman R. G. (1995) Role of glycine in preventing alcohol-induced liver injury. Ann. Clin. Lab. Sci. 15: 357
63. Rao M. S. and Reddy J. K. (1987) Peroxisome proliferation and hepatocarcinogenesis. Carcinogenesis 8: 631-636
64. Rose M. L., Germolee D. R., Schoonhoven R. and Thurman R. G. (1997) Kupffer cells are causally responsible for the mitogenic effect of peroxisome proliferators. Carcinogenesis 18: 1453-1456
65. Marsman D. S., Cattley R. C., Conway J. G. and Popp J. A. (1988) Relationship of hepatic peroxisome proliferation and replicative DNA synthesis to the hepatocarcinogenicity of the peroxisome proliferators di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate and [4-Chloro-6-(2,3-xylidino)-2-pyrimidinylthio]acetic acid (Wy-14,643) in rats. Cancer Res. 48: 6739-6744
66. Garza-Quintero R., Weinberg J. M., Ortega-Lopez J., Davis J. A. and Venkatachalam M. A. (1993) Conservation of structure in ATP-depleted proximal tubules: Role of calcium, polyphosphoinositides, and glycine. Am. J. Physiol. 265: F605-F623
67. Venkatachalam M. A., Weinberg J. M., Patel Y., Saikumar P. and Dong Z. (1996) Cytoprotection of kidney epithelial cells by compounds that target amino acid chloride channels. Kidney Int. 49: 449-460