Composition and origin of Early Mediaeval opaque red enamel from Britain and Ireland

Journal of Archaeological Science

Volumn 26, Issue 8, 1999, Pages 913-921

  Stapleton, C P ^a   Freestone, I C ^a   Bowman, S G E ^a  

^a BRITISH MUSEUM   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Anglo Saxon; Britain; Carolingian; Celtic; Cupellation; Early Mediaeval; Ireland; Kilmessan; Lead isotope analysis; Opaque red enamel; Raffination; Slag; Tara hill ingot

Indexed keywords

MEDIEVAL; X-RAY FLUORESCENCE;

IRELAND; UNITED KINGDOM;

EID: 0032695735     PISSN: 03054403     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1006/jasc.1999.0399     Document Type: Article

References (20)

1. Ball C. B., Stokes M. On a block of red glass enamel said to have been found at Tara Hill. Royal Irish Academy Transactions. 30:(1893);277-293.
2. Brill R. H., Wampler J. M. Isotope studies of ancient lead. American Journal of Archaeology. 71:(1965);63-77.
3. Brill R. H., Cahill N. D. A red opaque glass from Sardis and some thoughts on red opaques in general. Journal of Glass Studies. 30:(1988);16-27.
4. Brun N., Pernot M. The opaque red glass of Celtic enamels from continental Europe. Archaeometry. 34:(1992);235-252.
5. Craddock P. T. Recent progress in the study of early mining and metallurgy in the British Isles. Journal of the Historical Metallurgy Society. 28:(1994);69-83.
6. Freestone I. C. Composition and microstructure of early opaque red glass. M. Bimson, I. C. Freestone. Early Vitreous Materials. 1987;173-191 British Museum Occasional Paper, London.
7. Henderson J. Electron-microprobe investigation of early Irish glass and glass-making practices. E. V. Sayre, P. Vandiver, J. Druzik, C. Stevenson. Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings. 1988;141-146 Materials Research Society, Pittsburgh, PA.
8. Henderson J. Chemical and structrual analysis of Roman enamels from Britain. E. Pernicka, G. A. Wagner. Archaeometry' 90. 1991;285-294 Birkhäuser Verlag, Basel.
9. Henderson J., Freestone I. C. The examination of red inlay on the brooches from Rudston and Burton Fleming. Iron Age Cemeteries in East Yorkshire. 1991;English Heritage Archaeological Report, London. p. 164-167.
10. Henderson J., Warren S. E. Analysis of prehistoric lead glass. A. Aspinall, S. E. Warren. Proceedings of the 22nd Symposium on Archaeometry. Bradford, 1982;168-180.
11. Heyworth M. P., Hunter J. R., Warren S. E. The role of inductively coupled plasma spectrometry in glass provenance studies. Y. Maniatis. Archaeometry: Proceedings of the 25th International Symposium. 1989;661-669 Elsevier, Amsterdam.
12. Hughes M. J. A technical study of opaque red glass of the Iron Age in Britain. Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society. 38:(1972);98-107.
13. Hughes M. J. Enamels: materials, deterioration and analysis. L. Bacon, B. Knight. From Pinheads to Hanging Bowls. 1987;10-12 United Kingdom Institute for Conservation Occasional Paper, London.
14. La Niece S., Stapleton C. P. Niello and enamel on Irish metalwork. The Antiquaries Journal. 73:(1993);148-151.
15. Ó Floinn, R. (1989), Enamel block. S. Youngs, "The Work of Angels" Masterpieces of Celtic Metalwork, 6th-9th centuries ad. London: British Museum Publications, Ltd. p. 201.
16. Rehren, Th. Cupel and crucible, the Xanten process of silver recovery. Journal of Roman Archaeology.
17. Rehren Th., Hauptmann A. Silberraffinations-Schlacken aus der CUT (Xanten), Insula 39: Mineralogische Untersuchung und archäometallurgische Interpretation. G. von Precht. Xantener Berichte. 1995;119-137 Rheinland-Verlag, Köln.
18. Rohl, B. M. 1995, Application of lead isotope analysis to Bronze Age metalwork from England and Wales, Oxford University.
19. Sanderson D. C. W., Hunter J. R., Warren S. E. Energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence analysis of 1st millennium ad glass from Britain. Journal of Archaeological Science. 11:(1984);53-69.
20. Tite, M. S. Freestone, I. C. Meeks, N. D. Craddock, P. T. (1985), The examination of refractory ceramics from metal-production and metalworking sites. In (P. Phillips, Ed.), The Archaeologist and the Laboratory, London, Council for British Archaeology Research Report, 58, 50, 55.