EEG in epilepsy: Current perspectives

Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences

Volumn 26, Issue 4, 1999, Pages 255-262

  Sundaram, M ^a,c   Sadler, R M ^b   Young, G B ^d   Pillay, N ^d  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MISSISSIPPI   (United States)

^b DALHOUSIE UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

^c UNIVERSITY OF MISSISSIPPI MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

^d NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BRAIN MAPPING; DIAGNOSTIC VALUE; DISEASE CLASSIFICATION; ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAM; EPILEPSY; HUMAN; HYPERVENTILATION; MAGNETOENCEPHALOGRAPHY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROGNOSIS; REVIEW;

EID: 0032692225     PISSN: 03171671     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1017/S0317167100000342     Document Type: Review

References (94)

1. Jasper H. Report of committee on methods of clinical exam in EEG. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 1958; 10:370-375.
2. American EEG Society. Guidelines for standard electrode position nomenclature. J Clin Neurophysiol 1991; 8:200-2.
3. Morris HH, Luders HL, Lesser RP, Dinner DS, Wyllie E. Value of closely spaced electrodes in the localization of epileptiform foci: a study of 26 patients with complex partial seizures. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 1987; 63:107-11.
4. Rovit RL, Gloor P, Rassmussen T. Sphenoidal electrodes in the electrographic study of patients with temporal lobe epilepsy. J Neurosurg 1961; 18:151-158.
5. Sperling MR, Mendius JR, Engel Jr. J. Mesial temporal spikes: a simultaneous comparison of sphenoidal, nasopharyngeal and ear electrodes. Epilepsia 1986; 27:81-86.
6. Sadler RM, Goodwin J. Multiple electrodes for detecting spikes in partial complex seizures. Can J Neurol Sci 1989; 16:326-329.
7. Kanner AM, Ramirez L, Jones JC. The utility of placing sphenoidal electrodes under the foramen ovale with fluoroscopic guidance. J Clin Neurophysiol 1995; 12:72-81.
8. Homan RW, Jones MC, Rowat S. Anterior temporal electrodes in complex partial seizures. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 1988; 70:105-109.
9. Krauss GL, Lesser RP, Fisher RS, Arroyo S. Anterior "cheek" electrodes are comparable to sphenoidal electrodes for the identification of ictal activity. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 1992; 83:333-338.
10. Quesney LF. Seizures of frontal lobe origin. In: Meldrum B, Pedley TA. eds: Recent Advances in Epilepsy, No 3. Edinburgh: Churchill-Livingstone 1986; 81-110.
11. Gorney DS. The practical guide to digital EEG. Am J EEG Technol 1992; 32:260-289.
12. Forster O. Hyperventilations epilepsie Dtsch Z. Nervenheilkd 1924; 83:347-356.
13. Miley CE, Forster FM. Activation of partial complex seizures by hyperventilation. Arch Neurol 1977; 34:371-373.
14. Gabor AJ, Ajmone-Marsan C. Coexistence of focal and bilateral diffuse paroxysmal discharges in epileptics: clinical -electrographic study. Epilepsia, 1969; 10:453-472.
15. Patel VM, Maulsby RL. How hyperventilation alters the electroencephalogram: a review of controversial viewpoints emphasizing neurophysiological mechanisms. J Clin Neurophysiol, 1987; 4:101-120.
16. Newmark ME, Penry JK. Photosensitivity and Epilepsy: A Review. 1979; New York: Raven Press.
17. Reilly EW, Peters JF. Relationship of some varieties of electroencephalographic photosensitivity to clinical convulsive disorders. Neurology 1973; 23:1040-1057.
18. Doose H, Gerken H, Hien-volpel KF, Volzke E. Genetics of photosensitive epilepsy. Neuropediatrie 1969; 1:56-73.
19. Kooi K, Thomas MH, Mortenson FN. Photoconvulsive and photomyoclonic responses in adults. An appraisal of their clinical significance. Neurology 1960; 10:1051-1058.
20. Gastaut H, Trevisan C, Naquet R. Diagnostic value of electroencephalographic abnormalities provoked by intermittent photic stimulation. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 1958; 10:194-195.
21. Gilliam FG, Chiappa KH. Significance of spontaneous epileptiform abnormalities associated with a photoparoxysmal response. Neurology 1995; 45:453-456.
22. de Graaf AS, Lombard CJ, Claassen DA. Influence of ethnic and geographic factors on the classic photoparoxysmal response in the electroencephalogram of epilepsy patients. Epilepsia 1995; 219:23.
23. Rodin EA, Luby ED, Gottlieb JS. The electroencephalogram during prolonged experimental sleep deprivation. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 1962; 14:544-551.
24. Bennett DR, Mattson RH, Ziter FA, Calverly JR, Liske EA, Pratt RL. Sleep deprivation: neurological and electroencephalographic effects. Aerospace Med 1964; 35:888-890.
25. Mattson RH, Pratt KL, Calverly JA. Electroencephalograms of epileptics following sleep deprivation. Arch Neurol 1965; 13:310-315.
26. Pratt KL, Mattson RH, Weikers NJ, Williams R. EEG activation of epileptics following sleep deprivation: a prospective study of 114 cases. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 1968; 24:11-15.
27. Geller MR, Gourdji N, Christoff N, Fox E. The effects of sleep deprivation on the EEGs of epileptic children. Dev Med Child Neurol 1969; 11:771-776.
28. Spadetta V. La Privazivne di Sonno nella diagnosi elettroencefalografica di epilessia. Act Neurol (Napoli) 1971; 26:7-13.
29. Scollo-Lavizzari G, Pralle W, De La Cruz N. Activation effects of sleep deprivation and sleep in seizure patients. Eur Neurol 1975; 13:1-5.
30. Degan R. A study of the diagnostic value of waking and sleep EEGs after sleep deprivation in epileptic patients on anticonvulsive therapy. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 1980; 49:577-584.
31. Rowan J, Veldhuisen RJ, Nagelkerke NJD. Comparative evolution of sleep deprivation and sedated sleep EEGs as diagnostic aids in epilepsy. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 1982; 54:357-364.
32. Robin JJ, Tolan GD, Arnold JW. Ten year experience with abnormal EEGs in asymptomatic adult males. Aviation Space Env Med 1978; 49: 732-736.
33. Gregory RP, Oates T, Merry RTG. Electroencephalogram epileptiform abnormalities in candidates for aircrew training. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 1993; 86:75-77.
34. Zivin L, Ajmone-Marsan C. Incidence and prognostic significance of epileptiform activity in the EEG of nonepileptic subjects. Brain 1968; 91:751-778.
35. Eeg-Olofsson O, Peterson I, Sellden V. The development of the electroencephalogram in normal children from the age of one through fifteen years. Neuropaediatrie 1971; 4:375-404.
36. Cavazzuti GB, Cappella L, Nalin A. Longitudinal study of epileptiform EEG patterns in normal children. Epilepsia 1980; 21:43-55.
37. Iida N. Okada S, Tsuboi T. EEG abnormalities in nonepileptic patients. Fol Psychiatr Neurol Jpn 1985; 39:43-58.
38. Okubo Y, Matsuura M, Asai T, Asai K, Kato M, et al. Epileptiform EEG discharges in healthy children: prevalence, emotional and behavioral correlates and genetic influences. Epilepsia 1994; 35:832-841.
39. Ajmone-Marsan C, Zivin LS. Factors related to the occurrence of typical paroxysmal abnormalities in the EEG records of epileptic patients. Epilepsia 1970; 11:361-381.
40. Sundaram M, Hogan T, Hiscock M, Pillay N. Factors affecting interictal spike discharges in adults with epilepsy. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 1990; 75; 358-360.
41. Goodin DS, Aminoff MJ. Does the interictal EEG have a role in the diagnosis of epilepsy? Lancet 1984; i:837-839.
42. Salinsky M, Kanter R, Dasheiff RM. Effectiveness of multiple EEGs in supporting the diagnosis of epilepsy: an operational curve. Epilepsia 1987; 28:331-334.
43. Mirsky AF, Van Buren JM. On the nature of the "Absence" in centroencephalic epilepsy: a study of some behavioral electroencephalographic and autonomie factors. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 1965; 18:334-348.
44. Browne TR, Penry JK, Porter RJ, Dreifuss FE. Responsiveness before, during and after spike-wave paroxysms. Neurology 1974; 24:659-665.
45. Aarts JHP, Binnie CD, Smit AM, Wilkins AJ. Selective cognitive impairment during focal and generalized epileptiform EEG activity. Brain 1984; 107:293-308.
46. Binnie CD, Marston D. Cognitive correlates of interictal discharges. Epilepsia 1992; 33 (Suppl. 6):S11-S17.
47. Kasteleijn-Nolst Trenite DGA, Riemersma JBJ, Binnie CD, Smit AM, Meinardi H. The influence of subclinical epileptiform EEG discharges on driving behavior. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 1987; 67: 167-170.
48. Kasteleijn-Nolst Trenite DGA, Bakker DJ, Binnie CD, Buerman A, Van Raaij M. Psychological effects of subclinical epileptiform discharges: scholastic skills. Epilepsy Res 1988; 2:111-116.
49. Siebelink BM, Bakker DJ, Binnie CD, Kasteleijn-Nolst Trenite DGA. Psychological effects of subclinical epileptiform EEG discharges in children: general intelligence tests. Epilepsy Res 1988; 2:117-121.
50. Blume WT, Young GB, Lemieux JF. EEG morphology of partial epileptic seizures. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 1984; 57:295-302.
51. Geiger LR, Harner RN. EEG patterns at the time of focal seizure onset. Arch Neurol 1978; 35:276-286.
52. Sharbrough FW. Scalp recorded ictal patterns in focal epilepsy. J Clin Neurophysiol 1993; 10:262-267.
53. Alarcon G, Binnie CD, Elwes RDC, Polkey CE. Power spectrum and intracranial EEG patterns at seizure onset in partial epilepsy. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 1995; 94:326-337.
54. Kaibara M, Blume WT. The postictal electroencephalogram. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 1988; 70:99-104.
55. Devinsky O, Kelley K, Porter RJ, Theodore WH. Clinical and electroencephalographic features of simple partial seizures. Neurology 1988; 38:1347-1352.
56. Bare MA, Burnstine TH, Fisher RS, Lesser RP. Electroencephalographic changes during simple partial seizures. Epilepsia 1994; 35:715-720.
57. Gastaut H, Broughton R. Epileptic Seizures. Clinical and Electrographic Seizures: Diagnosis and Treatment. Springfield, III: Charles C. Thomas 1972.
58. Young GB, Goodenough P, Jacono V, Schieven JR. Periodic lateralized epileptiform discharges (PLEDs): electrographic and clinical features. Am J EEG Technol 1988; 28: 1-13.
59. Handforth A, Cheng JT, Mandelkern MA, Treiman DM. Markedly increased mediotemporal lobe metabolism in a case with PLEDs: further evidence that PLEDs are a manifestation of partial status epilepticus. Epilepsia 1994; 35:876-881.
60. Treiman DM. Generalized convulsive, nonconvulsive and focal status epilepticus. In: Feldman E. Ed. Current Diagnosis in Neurology. St. Louis: Mosby-Yearbook, 1994: 11-18.
61. Reiher J, Rivest J, Grand'Maison F, Leduc CP. Periodic lateralized epileptiform discharges with transitional rhythmic discharges: association with Seizures. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 1991; 78:12-17.
62. Treiman DM. Electroclinical features of status epilepticus. J Clin Neurophysiol 1995; 12:343-362.
63. Berg AT, Shinnar S. The risk of seizure recurrence following a first unprovoked seizure: a quantitative review. Neurology 1991; 41: 965-972.
64. Shinnar S, Kang H, Berg AT, Goldensohn ES, Hauser WA, Moshe SL. EEG abnormalities in children with a first unprovoked seizure. Epilepsia 1994; 35: 471-476.
65. Hauser WA, Rich SS, Annegers JF, Anderson VE. Seizure recurrence after a 1st unprovoked seizure: an extended follow up. Neurology 1990; 40: 1163-1170.
66. Van Donselaar CA, Schimsheimer RJ, Geerts AT, Declerck AC. Value of the electroencephalogram in adults with untreated idiopathic first seizures. Arch Neurol 1992; 42: 231-287.
67. First seizure trial group. Randomized clinical trial on the efficacy of anti-epileptic drugs in reducing the risk of relapse after a first unprovoked tonic-clonic seizure. Neurology 1993; 43: 478-483.
68. Hopkins A, Garman A, Clarke C. The first seizure in adult life: value of clinical features, electroencephalography, and computerized tomographic scanning in prediction of seizure recurrence. Lancet 1988; 1: 721-726.
69. Tennison MT, Greenwood R, Lewis D, Thorn M. Discontinuing antiepileptic drugs in children with epilepsy. A comparison of a six week and nine month taper period. N Engl J Med 1994; 330: 1407-1410.
70. Medical Research Council Antiepileptic Drug Withdrawal Study Group. Prognostic index for recurrence of seizures after remission of epilepsy. Br Med J 1993; 306: 1374-1378.
71. Shinnar S. Berg AT, Moshe SL, Kang H, O'Dell C, et al. Discontinuing antiepileptic drugs in children with epilepsy: a prospective study. Ann Neurol 1994: 35:534-545.
72. Berg AT, Shinnar S. Relapse following discontinuation of antiepileptic drugs: a meta analysis. Neurology 1994; 44:601-8.
73. Gates JR, Ramani V, Whalen SM, Loewenson R. Ictal characteristics of pseudoseizures. Arch Neurol 1985; 42:1183-1187.
74. Donat JF, Wright FS. Episodic symptoms mistaken for seizures in the neurologically impaired child. Neurology 1990; 40:156-157.
75. Aldrich MS, Jahnke B. Diagnostic value of video-EEG polysomnography. Neurology 1991; 41:1060-1066.
76. Penry JK, Porker RJ, Dreifuss FE. Simultaneous recording of absence seizures with videotape and electroencephalography. Brain 1975; 98:427-440.
77. Quesney LF, Constrain M, Fish DR, Rasmussen T. The clinical differentiation of seizures arising in the parasagittal and anterolaterodorsal frontal cowexities. Arch Neurol 1990; 47:477-479.
78. Arfel G, Laurette G. Evolution of paroxysmal discharges assessed by radiotelemetry in an infant with gelastic seizures. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 1975; 39:554.
79. Lesser RP, Fisher RS, Kaplan P. The evaluation of patients with intractable complex partial seizures. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 1989; 73:381-388.
80. Rowan AJ, Pippenger CE, McGregor PA, French JH. Seizure activity and anticonvulsant drug concentration - 24 hour sleep waking studies. Arch Neurol 1975; 32:281-288.
81. Rowan AJ, Binnie CD, DeBeer-Pawlikowski NKB. et al. Sodium valproate: serial monitoring of EEG and serum levels. Neurology 1979; 29:1450-1459.
82. Stevens JR, Lonsbury BL, Goel SL. Seizure occurrence and interictal spike interval-telemetered electroencephalogram studies. Arch Neurol 1972; 26:409-19.
83. Gotman J, Marciani MG. Electroencephalographic spiking activity, drug levels and seizure occurrence in epileptic patients. Ann Neurol 1985; 17:597-603.
84. Leroy RF, Rao KK, Voth BJ. Intensive neurodiagnostic monitoring in epilepsy using ambulatory cassette EEG with simultaneous video recording. In: Ebersole JS, ed. Ambulatory EEG Monitoring. New York: Raven Press, 1998.
85. Ives JR, Thompson CJ, Gloor P. Seizure monitoring: a new tool in electroencephalograph. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 1976; 41:422-427.
86. Kamp A. Amplification and transmission of the EEG. In: Long Term Monitoring in Epilepsy, Eds, J. Gotman, J.R. Ives, P. Gloor. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 1985; 37:27-60.
87. Binnie CD, Rowan AJ, Overweg J, Meinardi H, Wisman T, et al. Telemetric EEG and video monitoring in epilepsy. Neurology 1981; 31:298-303.
88. Epstein CM. Computerized EEG in the courtroom. Neurology 1994; 44: 1566-1569.
89. Nuwer MR, Hauser HM. Erroneous diagnosis using EEG discriminant analysis. Neurology 1994; 44: 1998-2000.
90. Lopes da Silva FH. A critical review of clinical applications of topographic mapping of brain potentials. J Clin Neurophysiol 1990; 7:535-551.
91. Wong PKH, Stability of source estimates in rolandic spikes. Brain Topogr 1989:2:31-36.
92. Ebersole, JS. Non-invasive localization of the epileptogenic focus by EEG dipole modeling. Acta Neurol Scand 1994; Supp 152:20-28.
93. Sutherling WW, Barth DS. Magneto-encephalography in clinical epilepsy studies. The UCLA experience. Adv Neurol 1990; 54:231-245.
94. Paetau R, Kajola M, Karhu J, Nousiainen V, Partanen J, et al. Magnetoencephalographic localization of epileptic cortex - impact on surgical treatment. Ann Neurol 1992; 32:106-109.