Then and now: Comparative politics

Political Studies

Volumn 47, Issue 1, 1999, Pages 152-160

  Blondel, Jean ^a  

^a NONE

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[No Author keywords available]

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EID: 0032667679     PISSN: 00323217     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/1467-9248.00194     Document Type: Article

References (49)

1. 1 The expression 'comparative politics' is used throughout this article, as this is the one which the editors of the Journal chose to adopt. Yet a distinction between 'comparative politics' and 'comparative government' should be made, the former being markedly broader and relating to politics in the most general fashion and in particular outside the state. Such studies are scarcely undertaken: as things are, what passes and is typically referred to as 'comparative politics' is in reality 'comparative government'; it is concerned exclusively with politics within the state or in relation to the state.
2. 2 The books referred to here are only those mentioned or alluded to, directly or indirectly, in the text. They are in no way an exhaustive bibliography of comparative politics works, which would of course be massive, especially for NOW. No journal article is listed. The full references for the works mentioned in this article fall into these categories: Classics, pre 1945 W. Bagehot, The English Constitution (London, Fontana, 1963 edn); Lord Bryce, Modern Democracies (New York, Macmillan, 1891); J. Locke, Second Treatise on Civil Government (New York, Van Nostrand, 1947 edn); A. L. Lowell, Government and Parties in Continental Europe, Vol. 2, (Cambridge MA, Harvard University Press, 1896); R. Michels, Political Parties (New York, Free, 1949 edn); Montesquieu, The Spirit of Laws (New York, Hafner, 1949 edn); G. Mosca, The Ruling Class (New York, McGraw-Hill, 1939 edn); M. Ostrogorski, Democracy and the Organization of Political Parties (New York, Macmillan, 1902); J. J. Rousseau, The Social Contract (London, Dent. 1973 edn); A. de Tocqueville, Democracy in America (Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1947 edn). THEN, immediate post-war G. A. Almond and J. S. Coleman, The Politics of the Developing Areas (Princeton NJ, Princeton University Press, 1960); G. A. Almond and G. B. Powell, Comparative Politics (Boston MA, Little, Brown, 1966); G. A. Almond and S. Verba, The Civic Culture (Princeton NJ, Princeton University Press, 1963); J. M. Buchanan and G. Tullock, The Calculus of Consent (Ann Arbor MI, University of Michigan Press, 1962); K. W. Deutsch, Nationalism and Social Communication (Cambridge MA, MIT University Press, 1953); K. W. Deutsch, The Nerves of Government (New York, Free, 1963); A. Downs, An Economic Theory of Democracy (New York, Harper, 1957); M. Duverger, Political Parties (New York, Wiley, English edn, 1954); D. Easton, The Political System (New York, Knopf, 1953); H. W. Ehrman, Interest Groups in Four Continents (Pittsburgh PA, University of Pittsburgh Press, 1958); H. Finer, The Theory and Practice of Modern Government (London, Methuen, 1949): S. E. Finer, The Man on Horseback (London, Pall Mall, 1962); R. T. Holt and J. E. Turner (eds), The Methodology of Comparative Research (New York, Free, 1970); S. P. Huntington, The Soldier and the State (New York, Free, 1957); M. Janowitz, The Professional Soldier (New York, Free, 1960); S. M. Lipset, Political Man (London, Heinemann, 1960); R. C. Macridis, The Study of Comparative Government (New York, Doubleday, 1955); W. Riker, The Theory of Political Coalitions (New Haven, Yale University Press, 1962); H. A. Simon, Administrative Behaviour (New York, Free, 1957); N. Wiener, Cybernetics and Society (New York, Houghton Mifflin, 1954); K. C. Wheare, Federal Government (Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1946). and NOW, the most recent literature I. Budge and H. Keman, Parties and Democracy (Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1990); A. De Swaan, Coalition Theories and Cabinet Formations (Amsterdam, Elsevier, 1973); P. Evans, D. Rueschemeyer and T. Skocpol (eds). Bringing the State Back In (Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1985); C. Ham and M. Hill, The Policy Process in the Modern Capitalist State (Hemel Hempstead, Harvester Wheatsheaf, 1993); A. Lijphart, Democracies (New Haven, Yale University Press, 1984); A Lijphart, Choosing an Electoral System: Issues and Alternatives (New York, Praeger, 1984); G. M. Luebbert, Comparative Democracy (New York, Columbia University Press, 1986); J. G. Marsh and J. P. Olsen, Rediscovering Institutions (New York, Free, 1989); J. Richardson (ed.), Policy Styles in Western Europe (London, Allen and Unwin, 1982); M. S. Shugart and J. M. Carey, Presidents and Assemblies (New York, Cambridge University Press, 1992); I. Wallterstein. The Capitalist World Economy (Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1979).
3. 2 The books referred to here are only those mentioned or alluded to, directly or indirectly, in the text. They are in no way an exhaustive bibliography of comparative politics works, which would of course be massive, especially for NOW. No journal article is listed. The full references for the works mentioned in this article fall into these categories: Classics, pre 1945 W. Bagehot, The English Constitution (London, Fontana, 1963 edn); Lord Bryce, Modern Democracies (New York, Macmillan, 1891); J. Locke, Second Treatise on Civil Government (New York, Van Nostrand, 1947 edn); A. L. Lowell, Government and Parties in Continental Europe, Vol. 2, (Cambridge MA, Harvard University Press, 1896); R. Michels, Political Parties (New York, Free, 1949 edn); Montesquieu, The Spirit of Laws (New York, Hafner, 1949 edn); G. Mosca, The Ruling Class (New York, McGraw-Hill, 1939 edn); M. Ostrogorski, Democracy and the Organization of Political Parties (New York, Macmillan, 1902); J. J. Rousseau, The Social Contract (London, Dent. 1973 edn); A. de Tocqueville, Democracy in America (Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1947 edn). THEN, immediate post-war G. A. Almond and J. S. Coleman, The Politics of the Developing Areas (Princeton NJ, Princeton University Press, 1960); G. A. Almond and G. B. Powell, Comparative Politics (Boston MA, Little, Brown, 1966); G. A. Almond and S. Verba, The Civic Culture (Princeton NJ, Princeton University Press, 1963); J. M. Buchanan and G. Tullock, The Calculus of Consent (Ann Arbor MI, University of Michigan Press, 1962); K. W. Deutsch, Nationalism and Social Communication (Cambridge MA, MIT University Press, 1953); K. W. Deutsch, The Nerves of Government (New York, Free, 1963); A. Downs, An Economic Theory of Democracy (New York, Harper, 1957); M. Duverger, Political Parties (New York, Wiley, English edn, 1954); D. Easton, The Political System (New York, Knopf, 1953); H. W. Ehrman, Interest Groups in Four Continents (Pittsburgh PA, University of Pittsburgh Press, 1958); H. Finer, The Theory and Practice of Modern Government (London, Methuen, 1949): S. E. Finer, The Man on Horseback (London, Pall Mall, 1962); R. T. Holt and J. E. Turner (eds), The Methodology of Comparative Research (New York, Free, 1970); S. P. Huntington, The Soldier and the State (New York, Free, 1957); M. Janowitz, The Professional Soldier (New York, Free, 1960); S. M. Lipset, Political Man (London, Heinemann, 1960); R. C. Macridis, The Study of Comparative Government (New York, Doubleday, 1955); W. Riker, The Theory of Political Coalitions (New Haven, Yale University Press, 1962); H. A. Simon, Administrative Behaviour (New York, Free, 1957); N. Wiener, Cybernetics and Society (New York, Houghton Mifflin, 1954); K. C. Wheare, Federal Government (Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1946). and NOW, the most recent literature I. Budge and H. Keman, Parties and Democracy (Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1990); A. De Swaan, Coalition Theories and Cabinet Formations (Amsterdam, Elsevier, 1973); P. Evans, D. Rueschemeyer and T. Skocpol (eds). Bringing the State Back In (Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1985); C. Ham and M. Hill, The Policy Process in the Modern Capitalist State (Hemel Hempstead, Harvester Wheatsheaf, 1993); A. Lijphart, Democracies (New Haven, Yale University Press, 1984); A Lijphart, Choosing an Electoral System: Issues and Alternatives (New York, Praeger, 1984); G. M. Luebbert, Comparative Democracy (New York, Columbia University Press, 1986); J. G. Marsh and J. P. Olsen, Rediscovering Institutions (New York, Free, 1989); J. Richardson (ed.), Policy Styles in Western Europe (London, Allen and Unwin, 1982); M. S. Shugart and J. M. Carey, Presidents and Assemblies (New York, Cambridge University Press, 1992); I. Wallterstein. The Capitalist World Economy (Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1979).
4. 2 The books referred to here are only those mentioned or alluded to, directly or indirectly, in the text. They are in no way an exhaustive bibliography of comparative politics works, which would of course be massive, especially for NOW. No journal article is listed. The full references for the works mentioned in this article fall into these categories: Classics, pre 1945 W. Bagehot, The English Constitution (London, Fontana, 1963 edn); Lord Bryce, Modern Democracies (New York, Macmillan, 1891); J. Locke, Second Treatise on Civil Government (New York, Van Nostrand, 1947 edn); A. L. Lowell, Government and Parties in Continental Europe, Vol. 2, (Cambridge MA, Harvard University Press, 1896); R. Michels, Political Parties (New York, Free, 1949 edn); Montesquieu, The Spirit of Laws (New York, Hafner, 1949 edn); G. Mosca, The Ruling Class (New York, McGraw-Hill, 1939 edn); M. Ostrogorski, Democracy and the Organization of Political Parties (New York, Macmillan, 1902); J. J. Rousseau, The Social Contract (London, Dent. 1973 edn); A. de Tocqueville, Democracy in America (Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1947 edn). THEN, immediate post-war G. A. Almond and J. S. Coleman, The Politics of the Developing Areas (Princeton NJ, Princeton University Press, 1960); G. A. Almond and G. B. Powell, Comparative Politics (Boston MA, Little, Brown, 1966); G. A. Almond and S. Verba, The Civic Culture (Princeton NJ, Princeton University Press, 1963); J. M. Buchanan and G. Tullock, The Calculus of Consent (Ann Arbor MI, University of Michigan Press, 1962); K. W. Deutsch, Nationalism and Social Communication (Cambridge MA, MIT University Press, 1953); K. W. Deutsch, The Nerves of Government (New York, Free, 1963); A. Downs, An Economic Theory of Democracy (New York, Harper, 1957); M. Duverger, Political Parties (New York, Wiley, English edn, 1954); D. Easton, The Political System (New York, Knopf, 1953); H. W. Ehrman, Interest Groups in Four Continents (Pittsburgh PA, University of Pittsburgh Press, 1958); H. Finer, The Theory and Practice of Modern Government (London, Methuen, 1949): S. E. Finer, The Man on Horseback (London, Pall Mall, 1962); R. T. Holt and J. E. Turner (eds), The Methodology of Comparative Research (New York, Free, 1970); S. P. Huntington, The Soldier and the State (New York, Free, 1957); M. Janowitz, The Professional Soldier (New York, Free, 1960); S. M. Lipset, Political Man (London, Heinemann, 1960); R. C. Macridis, The Study of Comparative Government (New York, Doubleday, 1955); W. Riker, The Theory of Political Coalitions (New Haven, Yale University Press, 1962); H. A. Simon, Administrative Behaviour (New York, Free, 1957); N. Wiener, Cybernetics and Society (New York, Houghton Mifflin, 1954); K. C. Wheare, Federal Government (Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1946). and NOW, the most recent literature I. Budge and H. Keman, Parties and Democracy (Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1990); A. De Swaan, Coalition Theories and Cabinet Formations (Amsterdam, Elsevier, 1973); P. Evans, D. Rueschemeyer and T. Skocpol (eds). Bringing the State Back In (Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1985); C. Ham and M. Hill, The Policy Process in the Modern Capitalist State (Hemel Hempstead, Harvester Wheatsheaf, 1993); A. Lijphart, Democracies (New Haven, Yale University Press, 1984); A Lijphart, Choosing an Electoral System: Issues and Alternatives (New York, Praeger, 1984); G. M. Luebbert, Comparative Democracy (New York, Columbia University Press, 1986); J. G. Marsh and J. P. Olsen, Rediscovering Institutions (New York, Free, 1989); J. Richardson (ed.), Policy Styles in Western Europe (London, Allen and Unwin, 1982); M. S. Shugart and J. M. Carey, Presidents and Assemblies (New York, Cambridge University Press, 1992); I. Wallterstein. The Capitalist World Economy (Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1979).
5. 2 The books referred to here are only those mentioned or alluded to, directly or indirectly, in the text. They are in no way an exhaustive bibliography of comparative politics works, which would of course be massive, especially for NOW. No journal article is listed. The full references for the works mentioned in this article fall into these categories: Classics, pre 1945 W. Bagehot, The English Constitution (London, Fontana, 1963 edn); Lord Bryce, Modern Democracies (New York, Macmillan, 1891); J. Locke, Second Treatise on Civil Government (New York, Van Nostrand, 1947 edn); A. L. Lowell, Government and Parties in Continental Europe, Vol. 2, (Cambridge MA, Harvard University Press, 1896); R. Michels, Political Parties (New York, Free, 1949 edn); Montesquieu, The Spirit of Laws (New York, Hafner, 1949 edn); G. Mosca, The Ruling Class (New York, McGraw-Hill, 1939 edn); M. Ostrogorski, Democracy and the Organization of Political Parties (New York, Macmillan, 1902); J. J. Rousseau, The Social Contract (London, Dent. 1973 edn); A. de Tocqueville, Democracy in America (Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1947 edn). THEN, immediate post-war G. A. Almond and J. S. Coleman, The Politics of the Developing Areas (Princeton NJ, Princeton University Press, 1960); G. A. Almond and G. B. Powell, Comparative Politics (Boston MA, Little, Brown, 1966); G. A. Almond and S. Verba, The Civic Culture (Princeton NJ, Princeton University Press, 1963); J. M. Buchanan and G. Tullock, The Calculus of Consent (Ann Arbor MI, University of Michigan Press, 1962); K. W. Deutsch, Nationalism and Social Communication (Cambridge MA, MIT University Press, 1953); K. W. Deutsch, The Nerves of Government (New York, Free, 1963); A. Downs, An Economic Theory of Democracy (New York, Harper, 1957); M. Duverger, Political Parties (New York, Wiley, English edn, 1954); D. Easton, The Political System (New York, Knopf, 1953); H. W. Ehrman, Interest Groups in Four Continents (Pittsburgh PA, University of Pittsburgh Press, 1958); H. Finer, The Theory and Practice of Modern Government (London, Methuen, 1949): S. E. Finer, The Man on Horseback (London, Pall Mall, 1962); R. T. Holt and J. E. Turner (eds), The Methodology of Comparative Research (New York, Free, 1970); S. P. Huntington, The Soldier and the State (New York, Free, 1957); M. Janowitz, The Professional Soldier (New York, Free, 1960); S. M. Lipset, Political Man (London, Heinemann, 1960); R. C. Macridis, The Study of Comparative Government (New York, Doubleday, 1955); W. Riker, The Theory of Political Coalitions (New Haven, Yale University Press, 1962); H. A. Simon, Administrative Behaviour (New York, Free, 1957); N. Wiener, Cybernetics and Society (New York, Houghton Mifflin, 1954); K. C. Wheare, Federal Government (Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1946). and NOW, the most recent literature I. Budge and H. Keman, Parties and Democracy (Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1990); A. De Swaan, Coalition Theories and Cabinet Formations (Amsterdam, Elsevier, 1973); P. Evans, D. Rueschemeyer and T. Skocpol (eds). Bringing the State Back In (Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1985); C. Ham and M. Hill, The Policy Process in the Modern Capitalist State (Hemel Hempstead, Harvester Wheatsheaf, 1993); A. Lijphart, Democracies (New Haven, Yale University Press, 1984); A Lijphart, Choosing an Electoral System: Issues and Alternatives (New York, Praeger, 1984); G. M. Luebbert, Comparative Democracy (New York, Columbia University Press, 1986); J. G. Marsh and J. P. Olsen, Rediscovering Institutions (New York, Free, 1989); J. Richardson (ed.), Policy Styles in Western Europe (London, Allen and Unwin, 1982); M. S. Shugart and J. M. Carey, Presidents and Assemblies (New York, Cambridge University Press, 1992); I. Wallterstein. The Capitalist World Economy (Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1979).
6. 2 The books referred to here are only those mentioned or alluded to, directly or indirectly, in the text. They are in no way an exhaustive bibliography of comparative politics works, which would of course be massive, especially for NOW. No journal article is listed. The full references for the works mentioned in this article fall into these categories: Classics, pre 1945 W. Bagehot, The English Constitution (London, Fontana, 1963 edn); Lord Bryce, Modern Democracies (New York, Macmillan, 1891); J. Locke, Second Treatise on Civil Government (New York, Van Nostrand, 1947 edn); A. L. Lowell, Government and Parties in Continental Europe, Vol. 2, (Cambridge MA, Harvard University Press, 1896); R. Michels, Political Parties (New York, Free, 1949 edn); Montesquieu, The Spirit of Laws (New York, Hafner, 1949 edn); G. Mosca, The Ruling Class (New York, McGraw-Hill, 1939 edn); M. Ostrogorski, Democracy and the Organization of Political Parties (New York, Macmillan, 1902); J. J. Rousseau, The Social Contract (London, Dent. 1973 edn); A. de Tocqueville, Democracy in America (Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1947 edn). THEN, immediate post-war G. A. Almond and J. S. Coleman, The Politics of the Developing Areas (Princeton NJ, Princeton University Press, 1960); G. A. Almond and G. B. Powell, Comparative Politics (Boston MA, Little, Brown, 1966); G. A. Almond and S. Verba, The Civic Culture (Princeton NJ, Princeton University Press, 1963); J. M. Buchanan and G. Tullock, The Calculus of Consent (Ann Arbor MI, University of Michigan Press, 1962); K. W. Deutsch, Nationalism and Social Communication (Cambridge MA, MIT University Press, 1953); K. W. Deutsch, The Nerves of Government (New York, Free, 1963); A. Downs, An Economic Theory of Democracy (New York, Harper, 1957); M. Duverger, Political Parties (New York, Wiley, English edn, 1954); D. Easton, The Political System (New York, Knopf, 1953); H. W. Ehrman, Interest Groups in Four Continents (Pittsburgh PA, University of Pittsburgh Press, 1958); H. Finer, The Theory and Practice of Modern Government (London, Methuen, 1949): S. E. Finer, The Man on Horseback (London, Pall Mall, 1962); R. T. Holt and J. E. Turner (eds), The Methodology of Comparative Research (New York, Free, 1970); S. P. Huntington, The Soldier and the State (New York, Free, 1957); M. Janowitz, The Professional Soldier (New York, Free, 1960); S. M. Lipset, Political Man (London, Heinemann, 1960); R. C. Macridis, The Study of Comparative Government (New York, Doubleday, 1955); W. Riker, The Theory of Political Coalitions (New Haven, Yale University Press, 1962); H. A. Simon, Administrative Behaviour (New York, Free, 1957); N. Wiener, Cybernetics and Society (New York, Houghton Mifflin, 1954); K. C. Wheare, Federal Government (Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1946). and NOW, the most recent literature I. Budge and H. Keman, Parties and Democracy (Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1990); A. De Swaan, Coalition Theories and Cabinet Formations (Amsterdam, Elsevier, 1973); P. Evans, D. Rueschemeyer and T. Skocpol (eds). Bringing the State Back In (Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1985); C. Ham and M. Hill, The Policy Process in the Modern Capitalist State (Hemel Hempstead, Harvester Wheatsheaf, 1993); A. Lijphart, Democracies (New Haven, Yale University Press, 1984); A Lijphart, Choosing an Electoral System: Issues and Alternatives (New York, Praeger, 1984); G. M. Luebbert, Comparative Democracy (New York, Columbia University Press, 1986); J. G. Marsh and J. P. Olsen, Rediscovering Institutions (New York, Free, 1989); J. Richardson (ed.), Policy Styles in Western Europe (London, Allen and Unwin, 1982); M. S. Shugart and J. M. Carey, Presidents and Assemblies (New York, Cambridge University Press, 1992); I. Wallterstein. The Capitalist World Economy (Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1979).
7. 2 The books referred to here are only those mentioned or alluded to, directly or indirectly, in the text. They are in no way an exhaustive bibliography of comparative politics works, which would of course be massive, especially for NOW. No journal article is listed. The full references for the works mentioned in this article fall into these categories: Classics, pre 1945 W. Bagehot, The English Constitution (London, Fontana, 1963 edn); Lord Bryce, Modern Democracies (New York, Macmillan, 1891); J. Locke, Second Treatise on Civil Government (New York, Van Nostrand, 1947 edn); A. L. Lowell, Government and Parties in Continental Europe, Vol. 2, (Cambridge MA, Harvard University Press, 1896); R. Michels, Political Parties (New York, Free, 1949 edn); Montesquieu, The Spirit of Laws (New York, Hafner, 1949 edn); G. Mosca, The Ruling Class (New York, McGraw-Hill, 1939 edn); M. Ostrogorski, Democracy and the Organization of Political Parties (New York, Macmillan, 1902); J. J. Rousseau, The Social Contract (London, Dent. 1973 edn); A. de Tocqueville, Democracy in America (Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1947 edn). THEN, immediate post-war G. A. Almond and J. S. Coleman, The Politics of the Developing Areas (Princeton NJ, Princeton University Press, 1960); G. A. Almond and G. B. Powell, Comparative Politics (Boston MA, Little, Brown, 1966); G. A. Almond and S. Verba, The Civic Culture (Princeton NJ, Princeton University Press, 1963); J. M. Buchanan and G. Tullock, The Calculus of Consent (Ann Arbor MI, University of Michigan Press, 1962); K. W. Deutsch, Nationalism and Social Communication (Cambridge MA, MIT University Press, 1953); K. W. Deutsch, The Nerves of Government (New York, Free, 1963); A. Downs, An Economic Theory of Democracy (New York, Harper, 1957); M. Duverger, Political Parties (New York, Wiley, English edn, 1954); D. Easton, The Political System (New York, Knopf, 1953); H. W. Ehrman, Interest Groups in Four Continents (Pittsburgh PA, University of Pittsburgh Press, 1958); H. Finer, The Theory and Practice of Modern Government (London, Methuen, 1949): S. E. Finer, The Man on Horseback (London, Pall Mall, 1962); R. T. Holt and J. E. Turner (eds), The Methodology of Comparative Research (New York, Free, 1970); S. P. Huntington, The Soldier and the State (New York, Free, 1957); M. Janowitz, The Professional Soldier (New York, Free, 1960); S. M. Lipset, Political Man (London, Heinemann, 1960); R. C. Macridis, The Study of Comparative Government (New York, Doubleday, 1955); W. Riker, The Theory of Political Coalitions (New Haven, Yale University Press, 1962); H. A. Simon, Administrative Behaviour (New York, Free, 1957); N. Wiener, Cybernetics and Society (New York, Houghton Mifflin, 1954); K. C. Wheare, Federal Government (Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1946). and NOW, the most recent literature I. Budge and H. Keman, Parties and Democracy (Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1990); A. De Swaan, Coalition Theories and Cabinet Formations (Amsterdam, Elsevier, 1973); P. Evans, D. Rueschemeyer and T. Skocpol (eds). Bringing the State Back In (Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1985); C. Ham and M. Hill, The Policy Process in the Modern Capitalist State (Hemel Hempstead, Harvester Wheatsheaf, 1993); A. Lijphart, Democracies (New Haven, Yale University Press, 1984); A Lijphart, Choosing an Electoral System: Issues and Alternatives (New York, Praeger, 1984); G. M. Luebbert, Comparative Democracy (New York, Columbia University Press, 1986); J. G. Marsh and J. P. Olsen, Rediscovering Institutions (New York, Free, 1989); J. Richardson (ed.), Policy Styles in Western Europe (London, Allen and Unwin, 1982); M. S. Shugart and J. M. Carey, Presidents and Assemblies (New York, Cambridge University Press, 1992); I. Wallterstein. The Capitalist World Economy (Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1979).
8. 2 The books referred to here are only those mentioned or alluded to, directly or indirectly, in the text. They are in no way an exhaustive bibliography of comparative politics works, which would of course be massive, especially for NOW. No journal article is listed. The full references for the works mentioned in this article fall into these categories: Classics, pre 1945 W. Bagehot, The English Constitution (London, Fontana, 1963 edn); Lord Bryce, Modern Democracies (New York, Macmillan, 1891); J. Locke, Second Treatise on Civil Government (New York, Van Nostrand, 1947 edn); A. L. Lowell, Government and Parties in Continental Europe, Vol. 2, (Cambridge MA, Harvard University Press, 1896); R. Michels, Political Parties (New York, Free, 1949 edn); Montesquieu, The Spirit of Laws (New York, Hafner, 1949 edn); G. Mosca, The Ruling Class (New York, McGraw-Hill, 1939 edn); M. Ostrogorski, Democracy and the Organization of Political Parties (New York, Macmillan, 1902); J. J. Rousseau, The Social Contract (London, Dent. 1973 edn); A. de Tocqueville, Democracy in America (Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1947 edn). THEN, immediate post-war G. A. Almond and J. S. Coleman, The Politics of the Developing Areas (Princeton NJ, Princeton University Press, 1960); G. A. Almond and G. B. Powell, Comparative Politics (Boston MA, Little, Brown, 1966); G. A. Almond and S. Verba, The Civic Culture (Princeton NJ, Princeton University Press, 1963); J. M. Buchanan and G. Tullock, The Calculus of Consent (Ann Arbor MI, University of Michigan Press, 1962); K. W. Deutsch, Nationalism and Social Communication (Cambridge MA, MIT University Press, 1953); K. W. Deutsch, The Nerves of Government (New York, Free, 1963); A. Downs, An Economic Theory of Democracy (New York, Harper, 1957); M. Duverger, Political Parties (New York, Wiley, English edn, 1954); D. Easton, The Political System (New York, Knopf, 1953); H. W. Ehrman, Interest Groups in Four Continents (Pittsburgh PA, University of Pittsburgh Press, 1958); H. Finer, The Theory and Practice of Modern Government (London, Methuen, 1949): S. E. Finer, The Man on Horseback (London, Pall Mall, 1962); R. T. Holt and J. E. Turner (eds), The Methodology of Comparative Research (New York, Free, 1970); S. P. Huntington, The Soldier and the State (New York, Free, 1957); M. Janowitz, The Professional Soldier (New York, Free, 1960); S. M. Lipset, Political Man (London, Heinemann, 1960); R. C. Macridis, The Study of Comparative Government (New York, Doubleday, 1955); W. Riker, The Theory of Political Coalitions (New Haven, Yale University Press, 1962); H. A. Simon, Administrative Behaviour (New York, Free, 1957); N. Wiener, Cybernetics and Society (New York, Houghton Mifflin, 1954); K. C. Wheare, Federal Government (Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1946). and NOW, the most recent literature I. Budge and H. Keman, Parties and Democracy (Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1990); A. De Swaan, Coalition Theories and Cabinet Formations (Amsterdam, Elsevier, 1973); P. Evans, D. Rueschemeyer and T. Skocpol (eds). Bringing the State Back In (Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1985); C. Ham and M. Hill, The Policy Process in the Modern Capitalist State (Hemel Hempstead, Harvester Wheatsheaf, 1993); A. Lijphart, Democracies (New Haven, Yale University Press, 1984); A Lijphart, Choosing an Electoral System: Issues and Alternatives (New York, Praeger, 1984); G. M. Luebbert, Comparative Democracy (New York, Columbia University Press, 1986); J. G. Marsh and J. P. Olsen, Rediscovering Institutions (New York, Free, 1989); J. Richardson (ed.), Policy Styles in Western Europe (London, Allen and Unwin, 1982); M. S. Shugart and J. M. Carey, Presidents and Assemblies (New York, Cambridge University Press, 1992); I. Wallterstein. The Capitalist World Economy (Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1979).
9. 2 The books referred to here are only those mentioned or alluded to, directly or indirectly, in the text. They are in no way an exhaustive bibliography of comparative politics works, which would of course be massive, especially for NOW. No journal article is listed. The full references for the works mentioned in this article fall into these categories: Classics, pre 1945 W. Bagehot, The English Constitution (London, Fontana, 1963 edn); Lord Bryce, Modern Democracies (New York, Macmillan, 1891); J. Locke, Second Treatise on Civil Government (New York, Van Nostrand, 1947 edn); A. L. Lowell, Government and Parties in Continental Europe, Vol. 2, (Cambridge MA, Harvard University Press, 1896); R. Michels, Political Parties (New York, Free, 1949 edn); Montesquieu, The Spirit of Laws (New York, Hafner, 1949 edn); G. Mosca, The Ruling Class (New York, McGraw-Hill, 1939 edn); M. Ostrogorski, Democracy and the Organization of Political Parties (New York, Macmillan, 1902); J. J. Rousseau, The Social Contract (London, Dent. 1973 edn); A. de Tocqueville, Democracy in America (Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1947 edn). THEN, immediate post-war G. A. Almond and J. S. Coleman, The Politics of the Developing Areas (Princeton NJ, Princeton University Press, 1960); G. A. Almond and G. B. Powell, Comparative Politics (Boston MA, Little, Brown, 1966); G. A. Almond and S. Verba, The Civic Culture (Princeton NJ, Princeton University Press, 1963); J. M. Buchanan and G. Tullock, The Calculus of Consent (Ann Arbor MI, University of Michigan Press, 1962); K. W. Deutsch, Nationalism and Social Communication (Cambridge MA, MIT University Press, 1953); K. W. Deutsch, The Nerves of Government (New York, Free, 1963); A. Downs, An Economic Theory of Democracy (New York, Harper, 1957); M. Duverger, Political Parties (New York, Wiley, English edn, 1954); D. Easton, The Political System (New York, Knopf, 1953); H. W. Ehrman, Interest Groups in Four Continents (Pittsburgh PA, University of Pittsburgh Press, 1958); H. Finer, The Theory and Practice of Modern Government (London, Methuen, 1949): S. E. Finer, The Man on Horseback (London, Pall Mall, 1962); R. T. Holt and J. E. Turner (eds), The Methodology of Comparative Research (New York, Free, 1970); S. P. Huntington, The Soldier and the State (New York, Free, 1957); M. Janowitz, The Professional Soldier (New York, Free, 1960); S. M. Lipset, Political Man (London, Heinemann, 1960); R. C. Macridis, The Study of Comparative Government (New York, Doubleday, 1955); W. Riker, The Theory of Political Coalitions (New Haven, Yale University Press, 1962); H. A. Simon, Administrative Behaviour (New York, Free, 1957); N. Wiener, Cybernetics and Society (New York, Houghton Mifflin, 1954); K. C. Wheare, Federal Government (Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1946). and NOW, the most recent literature I. Budge and H. Keman, Parties and Democracy (Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1990); A. De Swaan, Coalition Theories and Cabinet Formations (Amsterdam, Elsevier, 1973); P. Evans, D. Rueschemeyer and T. Skocpol (eds). Bringing the State Back In (Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1985); C. Ham and M. Hill, The Policy Process in the Modern Capitalist State (Hemel Hempstead, Harvester Wheatsheaf, 1993); A. Lijphart, Democracies (New Haven, Yale University Press, 1984); A Lijphart, Choosing an Electoral System: Issues and Alternatives (New York, Praeger, 1984); G. M. Luebbert, Comparative Democracy (New York, Columbia University Press, 1986); J. G. Marsh and J. P. Olsen, Rediscovering Institutions (New York, Free, 1989); J. Richardson (ed.), Policy Styles in Western Europe (London, Allen and Unwin, 1982); M. S. Shugart and J. M. Carey, Presidents and Assemblies (New York, Cambridge University Press, 1992); I. Wallterstein. The Capitalist World Economy (Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1979).
10. 2 The books referred to here are only those mentioned or alluded to, directly or indirectly, in the text. They are in no way an exhaustive bibliography of comparative politics works, which would of course be massive, especially for NOW. No journal article is listed. The full references for the works mentioned in this article fall into these categories: Classics, pre 1945 W. Bagehot, The English Constitution (London, Fontana, 1963 edn); Lord Bryce, Modern Democracies (New York, Macmillan, 1891); J. Locke, Second Treatise on Civil Government (New York, Van Nostrand, 1947 edn); A. L. Lowell, Government and Parties in Continental Europe, Vol. 2, (Cambridge MA, Harvard University Press, 1896); R. Michels, Political Parties (New York, Free, 1949 edn); Montesquieu, The Spirit of Laws (New York, Hafner, 1949 edn); G. Mosca, The Ruling Class (New York, McGraw-Hill, 1939 edn); M. Ostrogorski, Democracy and the Organization of Political Parties (New York, Macmillan, 1902); J. J. Rousseau, The Social Contract (London, Dent. 1973 edn); A. de Tocqueville, Democracy in America (Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1947 edn). THEN, immediate post-war G. A. Almond and J. S. Coleman, The Politics of the Developing Areas (Princeton NJ, Princeton University Press, 1960); G. A. Almond and G. B. Powell, Comparative Politics (Boston MA, Little, Brown, 1966); G. A. Almond and S. Verba, The Civic Culture (Princeton NJ, Princeton University Press, 1963); J. M. Buchanan and G. Tullock, The Calculus of Consent (Ann Arbor MI, University of Michigan Press, 1962); K. W. Deutsch, Nationalism and Social Communication (Cambridge MA, MIT University Press, 1953); K. W. Deutsch, The Nerves of Government (New York, Free, 1963); A. Downs, An Economic Theory of Democracy (New York, Harper, 1957); M. Duverger, Political Parties (New York, Wiley, English edn, 1954); D. Easton, The Political System (New York, Knopf, 1953); H. W. Ehrman, Interest Groups in Four Continents (Pittsburgh PA, University of Pittsburgh Press, 1958); H. Finer, The Theory and Practice of Modern Government (London, Methuen, 1949): S. E. Finer, The Man on Horseback (London, Pall Mall, 1962); R. T. Holt and J. E. Turner (eds), The Methodology of Comparative Research (New York, Free, 1970); S. P. Huntington, The Soldier and the State (New York, Free, 1957); M. Janowitz, The Professional Soldier (New York, Free, 1960); S. M. Lipset, Political Man (London, Heinemann, 1960); R. C. Macridis, The Study of Comparative Government (New York, Doubleday, 1955); W. Riker, The Theory of Political Coalitions (New Haven, Yale University Press, 1962); H. A. Simon, Administrative Behaviour (New York, Free, 1957); N. Wiener, Cybernetics and Society (New York, Houghton Mifflin, 1954); K. C. Wheare, Federal Government (Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1946). and NOW, the most recent literature I. Budge and H. Keman, Parties and Democracy (Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1990); A. De Swaan, Coalition Theories and Cabinet Formations (Amsterdam, Elsevier, 1973); P. Evans, D. Rueschemeyer and T. Skocpol (eds). Bringing the State Back In (Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1985); C. Ham and M. Hill, The Policy Process in the Modern Capitalist State (Hemel Hempstead, Harvester Wheatsheaf, 1993); A. Lijphart, Democracies (New Haven, Yale University Press, 1984); A Lijphart, Choosing an Electoral System: Issues and Alternatives (New York, Praeger, 1984); G. M. Luebbert, Comparative Democracy (New York, Columbia University Press, 1986); J. G. Marsh and J. P. Olsen, Rediscovering Institutions (New York, Free, 1989); J. Richardson (ed.), Policy Styles in Western Europe (London, Allen and Unwin, 1982); M. S. Shugart and J. M. Carey, Presidents and Assemblies (New York, Cambridge University Press, 1992); I. Wallterstein. The Capitalist World Economy (Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1979).
11. 2 The books referred to here are only those mentioned or alluded to, directly or indirectly, in the text. They are in no way an exhaustive bibliography of comparative politics works, which would of course be massive, especially for NOW. No journal article is listed. The full references for the works mentioned in this article fall into these categories: Classics, pre 1945 W. Bagehot, The English Constitution (London, Fontana, 1963 edn); Lord Bryce, Modern Democracies (New York, Macmillan, 1891); J. Locke, Second Treatise on Civil Government (New York, Van Nostrand, 1947 edn); A. L. Lowell, Government and Parties in Continental Europe, Vol. 2, (Cambridge MA, Harvard University Press, 1896); R. Michels, Political Parties (New York, Free, 1949 edn); Montesquieu, The Spirit of Laws (New York, Hafner, 1949 edn); G. Mosca, The Ruling Class (New York, McGraw-Hill, 1939 edn); M. Ostrogorski, Democracy and the Organization of Political Parties (New York, Macmillan, 1902); J. J. Rousseau, The Social Contract (London, Dent. 1973 edn); A. de Tocqueville, Democracy in America (Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1947 edn). THEN, immediate post-war G. A. Almond and J. S. Coleman, The Politics of the Developing Areas (Princeton NJ, Princeton University Press, 1960); G. A. Almond and G. B. Powell, Comparative Politics (Boston MA, Little, Brown, 1966); G. A. Almond and S. Verba, The Civic Culture (Princeton NJ, Princeton University Press, 1963); J. M. Buchanan and G. Tullock, The Calculus of Consent (Ann Arbor MI, University of Michigan Press, 1962); K. W. Deutsch, Nationalism and Social Communication (Cambridge MA, MIT University Press, 1953); K. W. Deutsch, The Nerves of Government (New York, Free, 1963); A. Downs, An Economic Theory of Democracy (New York, Harper, 1957); M. Duverger, Political Parties (New York, Wiley, English edn, 1954); D. Easton, The Political System (New York, Knopf, 1953); H. W. Ehrman, Interest Groups in Four Continents (Pittsburgh PA, University of Pittsburgh Press, 1958); H. Finer, The Theory and Practice of Modern Government (London, Methuen, 1949): S. E. Finer, The Man on Horseback (London, Pall Mall, 1962); R. T. Holt and J. E. Turner (eds), The Methodology of Comparative Research (New York, Free, 1970); S. P. Huntington, The Soldier and the State (New York, Free, 1957); M. Janowitz, The Professional Soldier (New York, Free, 1960); S. M. Lipset, Political Man (London, Heinemann, 1960); R. C. Macridis, The Study of Comparative Government (New York, Doubleday, 1955); W. Riker, The Theory of Political Coalitions (New Haven, Yale University Press, 1962); H. A. Simon, Administrative Behaviour (New York, Free, 1957); N. Wiener, Cybernetics and Society (New York, Houghton Mifflin, 1954); K. C. Wheare, Federal Government (Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1946). and NOW, the most recent literature I. Budge and H. Keman, Parties and Democracy (Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1990); A. De Swaan, Coalition Theories and Cabinet Formations (Amsterdam, Elsevier, 1973); P. Evans, D. Rueschemeyer and T. Skocpol (eds). Bringing the State Back In (Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1985); C. Ham and M. Hill, The Policy Process in the Modern Capitalist State (Hemel Hempstead, Harvester Wheatsheaf, 1993); A. Lijphart, Democracies (New Haven, Yale University Press, 1984); A Lijphart, Choosing an Electoral System: Issues and Alternatives (New York, Praeger, 1984); G. M. Luebbert, Comparative Democracy (New York, Columbia University Press, 1986); J. G. Marsh and J. P. Olsen, Rediscovering Institutions (New York, Free, 1989); J. Richardson (ed.), Policy Styles in Western Europe (London, Allen and Unwin, 1982); M. S. Shugart and J. M. Carey, Presidents and Assemblies (New York, Cambridge University Press, 1992); I. Wallterstein. The Capitalist World Economy (Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1979).
12. 2 The books referred to here are only those mentioned or alluded to, directly or indirectly, in the text. They are in no way an exhaustive bibliography of comparative politics works, which would of course be massive, especially for NOW. No journal article is listed. The full references for the works mentioned in this article fall into these categories: Classics, pre 1945 W. Bagehot, The English Constitution (London, Fontana, 1963 edn); Lord Bryce, Modern Democracies (New York, Macmillan, 1891); J. Locke, Second Treatise on Civil Government (New York, Van Nostrand, 1947 edn); A. L. Lowell, Government and Parties in Continental Europe, Vol. 2, (Cambridge MA, Harvard University Press, 1896); R. Michels, Political Parties (New York, Free, 1949 edn); Montesquieu, The Spirit of Laws (New York, Hafner, 1949 edn); G. Mosca, The Ruling Class (New York, McGraw-Hill, 1939 edn); M. Ostrogorski, Democracy and the Organization of Political Parties (New York, Macmillan, 1902); J. J. Rousseau, The Social Contract (London, Dent. 1973 edn); A. de Tocqueville, Democracy in America (Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1947 edn). THEN, immediate post-war G. A. Almond and J. S. Coleman, The Politics of the Developing Areas (Princeton NJ, Princeton University Press, 1960); G. A. Almond and G. B. Powell, Comparative Politics (Boston MA, Little, Brown, 1966); G. A. Almond and S. Verba, The Civic Culture (Princeton NJ, Princeton University Press, 1963); J. M. Buchanan and G. Tullock, The Calculus of Consent (Ann Arbor MI, University of Michigan Press, 1962); K. W. Deutsch, Nationalism and Social Communication (Cambridge MA, MIT University Press, 1953); K. W. Deutsch, The Nerves of Government (New York, Free, 1963); A. Downs, An Economic Theory of Democracy (New York, Harper, 1957); M. Duverger, Political Parties (New York, Wiley, English edn, 1954); D. Easton, The Political System (New York, Knopf, 1953); H. W. Ehrman, Interest Groups in Four Continents (Pittsburgh PA, University of Pittsburgh Press, 1958); H. Finer, The Theory and Practice of Modern Government (London, Methuen, 1949): S. E. Finer, The Man on Horseback (London, Pall Mall, 1962); R. T. Holt and J. E. Turner (eds), The Methodology of Comparative Research (New York, Free, 1970); S. P. Huntington, The Soldier and the State (New York, Free, 1957); M. Janowitz, The Professional Soldier (New York, Free, 1960); S. M. Lipset, Political Man (London, Heinemann, 1960); R. C. Macridis, The Study of Comparative Government (New York, Doubleday, 1955); W. Riker, The Theory of Political Coalitions (New Haven, Yale University Press, 1962); H. A. Simon, Administrative Behaviour (New York, Free, 1957); N. Wiener, Cybernetics and Society (New York, Houghton Mifflin, 1954); K. C. Wheare, Federal Government (Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1946). and NOW, the most recent literature I. Budge and H. Keman, Parties and Democracy (Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1990); A. De Swaan, Coalition Theories and Cabinet Formations (Amsterdam, Elsevier, 1973); P. Evans, D. Rueschemeyer and T. Skocpol (eds). Bringing the State Back In (Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1985); C. Ham and M. Hill, The Policy Process in the Modern Capitalist State (Hemel Hempstead, Harvester Wheatsheaf, 1993); A. Lijphart, Democracies (New Haven, Yale University Press, 1984); A Lijphart, Choosing an Electoral System: Issues and Alternatives (New York, Praeger, 1984); G. M. Luebbert, Comparative Democracy (New York, Columbia University Press, 1986); J. G. Marsh and J. P. Olsen, Rediscovering Institutions (New York, Free, 1989); J. Richardson (ed.), Policy Styles in Western Europe (London, Allen and Unwin, 1982); M. S. Shugart and J. M. Carey, Presidents and Assemblies (New York, Cambridge University Press, 1992); I. Wallterstein. The Capitalist World Economy (Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1979).
13. 2 The books referred to here are only those mentioned or alluded to, directly or indirectly, in the text. They are in no way an exhaustive bibliography of comparative politics works, which would of course be massive, especially for NOW. No journal article is listed. The full references for the works mentioned in this article fall into these categories: Classics, pre 1945 W. Bagehot, The English Constitution (London, Fontana, 1963 edn); Lord Bryce, Modern Democracies (New York, Macmillan, 1891); J. Locke, Second Treatise on Civil Government (New York, Van Nostrand, 1947 edn); A. L. Lowell, Government and Parties in Continental Europe, Vol. 2, (Cambridge MA, Harvard University Press, 1896); R. Michels, Political Parties (New York, Free, 1949 edn); Montesquieu, The Spirit of Laws (New York, Hafner, 1949 edn); G. Mosca, The Ruling Class (New York, McGraw-Hill, 1939 edn); M. Ostrogorski, Democracy and the Organization of Political Parties (New York, Macmillan, 1902); J. J. Rousseau, The Social Contract (London, Dent. 1973 edn); A. de Tocqueville, Democracy in America (Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1947 edn). THEN, immediate post-war G. A. Almond and J. S. Coleman, The Politics of the Developing Areas (Princeton NJ, Princeton University Press, 1960); G. A. Almond and G. B. Powell, Comparative Politics (Boston MA, Little, Brown, 1966); G. A. Almond and S. Verba, The Civic Culture (Princeton NJ, Princeton University Press, 1963); J. M. Buchanan and G. Tullock, The Calculus of Consent (Ann Arbor MI, University of Michigan Press, 1962); K. W. Deutsch, Nationalism and Social Communication (Cambridge MA, MIT University Press, 1953); K. W. Deutsch, The Nerves of Government (New York, Free, 1963); A. Downs, An Economic Theory of Democracy (New York, Harper, 1957); M. Duverger, Political Parties (New York, Wiley, English edn, 1954); D. Easton, The Political System (New York, Knopf, 1953); H. W. Ehrman, Interest Groups in Four Continents (Pittsburgh PA, University of Pittsburgh Press, 1958); H. Finer, The Theory and Practice of Modern Government (London, Methuen, 1949): S. E. Finer, The Man on Horseback (London, Pall Mall, 1962); R. T. Holt and J. E. Turner (eds), The Methodology of Comparative Research (New York, Free, 1970); S. P. Huntington, The Soldier and the State (New York, Free, 1957); M. Janowitz, The Professional Soldier (New York, Free, 1960); S. M. Lipset, Political Man (London, Heinemann, 1960); R. C. Macridis, The Study of Comparative Government (New York, Doubleday, 1955); W. Riker, The Theory of Political Coalitions (New Haven, Yale University Press, 1962); H. A. Simon, Administrative Behaviour (New York, Free, 1957); N. Wiener, Cybernetics and Society (New York, Houghton Mifflin, 1954); K. C. Wheare, Federal Government (Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1946). and NOW, the most recent literature I. Budge and H. Keman, Parties and Democracy (Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1990); A. De Swaan, Coalition Theories and Cabinet Formations (Amsterdam, Elsevier, 1973); P. Evans, D. Rueschemeyer and T. Skocpol (eds). Bringing the State Back In (Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1985); C. Ham and M. Hill, The Policy Process in the Modern Capitalist State (Hemel Hempstead, Harvester Wheatsheaf, 1993); A. Lijphart, Democracies (New Haven, Yale University Press, 1984); A Lijphart, Choosing an Electoral System: Issues and Alternatives (New York, Praeger, 1984); G. M. Luebbert, Comparative Democracy (New York, Columbia University Press, 1986); J. G. Marsh and J. P. Olsen, Rediscovering Institutions (New York, Free, 1989); J. Richardson (ed.), Policy Styles in Western Europe (London, Allen and Unwin, 1982); M. S. Shugart and J. M. Carey, Presidents and Assemblies (New York, Cambridge University Press, 1992); I. Wallterstein. The Capitalist World Economy (Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1979).
14. 2 The books referred to here are only those mentioned or alluded to, directly or indirectly, in the text. They are in no way an exhaustive bibliography of comparative politics works, which would of course be massive, especially for NOW. No journal article is listed. The full references for the works mentioned in this article fall into these categories: Classics, pre 1945 W. Bagehot, The English Constitution (London, Fontana, 1963 edn); Lord Bryce, Modern Democracies (New York, Macmillan, 1891); J. Locke, Second Treatise on Civil Government (New York, Van Nostrand, 1947 edn); A. L. Lowell, Government and Parties in Continental Europe, Vol. 2, (Cambridge MA, Harvard University Press, 1896); R. Michels, Political Parties (New York, Free, 1949 edn); Montesquieu, The Spirit of Laws (New York, Hafner, 1949 edn); G. Mosca, The Ruling Class (New York, McGraw-Hill, 1939 edn); M. Ostrogorski, Democracy and the Organization of Political Parties (New York, Macmillan, 1902); J. J. Rousseau, The Social Contract (London, Dent. 1973 edn); A. de Tocqueville, Democracy in America (Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1947 edn). THEN, immediate post-war G. A. Almond and J. S. Coleman, The Politics of the Developing Areas (Princeton NJ, Princeton University Press, 1960); G. A. Almond and G. B. Powell, Comparative Politics (Boston MA, Little, Brown, 1966); G. A. Almond and S. Verba, The Civic Culture (Princeton NJ, Princeton University Press, 1963); J. M. Buchanan and G. Tullock, The Calculus of Consent (Ann Arbor MI, University of Michigan Press, 1962); K. W. Deutsch, Nationalism and Social Communication (Cambridge MA, MIT University Press, 1953); K. W. Deutsch, The Nerves of Government (New York, Free, 1963); A. Downs, An Economic Theory of Democracy (New York, Harper, 1957); M. Duverger, Political Parties (New York, Wiley, English edn, 1954); D. Easton, The Political System (New York, Knopf, 1953); H. W. Ehrman, Interest Groups in Four Continents (Pittsburgh PA, University of Pittsburgh Press, 1958); H. Finer, The Theory and Practice of Modern Government (London, Methuen, 1949): S. E. Finer, The Man on Horseback (London, Pall Mall, 1962); R. T. Holt and J. E. Turner (eds), The Methodology of Comparative Research (New York, Free, 1970); S. P. Huntington, The Soldier and the State (New York, Free, 1957); M. Janowitz, The Professional Soldier (New York, Free, 1960); S. M. Lipset, Political Man (London, Heinemann, 1960); R. C. Macridis, The Study of Comparative Government (New York, Doubleday, 1955); W. Riker, The Theory of Political Coalitions (New Haven, Yale University Press, 1962); H. A. Simon, Administrative Behaviour (New York, Free, 1957); N. Wiener, Cybernetics and Society (New York, Houghton Mifflin, 1954); K. C. Wheare, Federal Government (Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1946). and NOW, the most recent literature I. Budge and H. Keman, Parties and Democracy (Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1990); A. De Swaan, Coalition Theories and Cabinet Formations (Amsterdam, Elsevier, 1973); P. Evans, D. Rueschemeyer and T. Skocpol (eds). Bringing the State Back In (Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1985); C. Ham and M. Hill, The Policy Process in the Modern Capitalist State (Hemel Hempstead, Harvester Wheatsheaf, 1993); A. Lijphart, Democracies (New Haven, Yale University Press, 1984); A Lijphart, Choosing an Electoral System: Issues and Alternatives (New York, Praeger, 1984); G. M. Luebbert, Comparative Democracy (New York, Columbia University Press, 1986); J. G. Marsh and J. P. Olsen, Rediscovering Institutions (New York, Free, 1989); J. Richardson (ed.), Policy Styles in Western Europe (London, Allen and Unwin, 1982); M. S. Shugart and J. M. Carey, Presidents and Assemblies (New York, Cambridge University Press, 1992); I. Wallterstein. The Capitalist World Economy (Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1979).
15. 2 The books referred to here are only those mentioned or alluded to, directly or indirectly, in the text. They are in no way an exhaustive bibliography of comparative politics works, which would of course be massive, especially for NOW. No journal article is listed. The full references for the works mentioned in this article fall into these categories: Classics, pre 1945 W. Bagehot, The English Constitution (London, Fontana, 1963 edn); Lord Bryce, Modern Democracies (New York, Macmillan, 1891); J. Locke, Second Treatise on Civil Government (New York, Van Nostrand, 1947 edn); A. L. Lowell, Government and Parties in Continental Europe, Vol. 2, (Cambridge MA, Harvard University Press, 1896); R. Michels, Political Parties (New York, Free, 1949 edn); Montesquieu, The Spirit of Laws (New York, Hafner, 1949 edn); G. Mosca, The Ruling Class (New York, McGraw-Hill, 1939 edn); M. Ostrogorski, Democracy and the Organization of Political Parties (New York, Macmillan, 1902); J. J. Rousseau, The Social Contract (London, Dent. 1973 edn); A. de Tocqueville, Democracy in America (Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1947 edn). THEN, immediate post-war G. A. Almond and J. S. Coleman, The Politics of the Developing Areas (Princeton NJ, Princeton University Press, 1960); G. A. Almond and G. B. Powell, Comparative Politics (Boston MA, Little, Brown, 1966); G. A. Almond and S. Verba, The Civic Culture (Princeton NJ, Princeton University Press, 1963); J. M. Buchanan and G. Tullock, The Calculus of Consent (Ann Arbor MI, University of Michigan Press, 1962); K. W. Deutsch, Nationalism and Social Communication (Cambridge MA, MIT University Press, 1953); K. W. Deutsch, The Nerves of Government (New York, Free, 1963); A. Downs, An Economic Theory of Democracy (New York, Harper, 1957); M. Duverger, Political Parties (New York, Wiley, English edn, 1954); D. Easton, The Political System (New York, Knopf, 1953); H. W. Ehrman, Interest Groups in Four Continents (Pittsburgh PA, University of Pittsburgh Press, 1958); H. Finer, The Theory and Practice of Modern Government (London, Methuen, 1949): S. E. Finer, The Man on Horseback (London, Pall Mall, 1962); R. T. Holt and J. E. Turner (eds), The Methodology of Comparative Research (New York, Free, 1970); S. P. Huntington, The Soldier and the State (New York, Free, 1957); M. Janowitz, The Professional Soldier (New York, Free, 1960); S. M. Lipset, Political Man (London, Heinemann, 1960); R. C. Macridis, The Study of Comparative Government (New York, Doubleday, 1955); W. Riker, The Theory of Political Coalitions (New Haven, Yale University Press, 1962); H. A. Simon, Administrative Behaviour (New York, Free, 1957); N. Wiener, Cybernetics and Society (New York, Houghton Mifflin, 1954); K. C. Wheare, Federal Government (Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1946). and NOW, the most recent literature I. Budge and H. Keman, Parties and Democracy (Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1990); A. De Swaan, Coalition Theories and Cabinet Formations (Amsterdam, Elsevier, 1973); P. Evans, D. Rueschemeyer and T. Skocpol (eds). Bringing the State Back In (Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1985); C. Ham and M. Hill, The Policy Process in the Modern Capitalist State (Hemel Hempstead, Harvester Wheatsheaf, 1993); A. Lijphart, Democracies (New Haven, Yale University Press, 1984); A Lijphart, Choosing an Electoral System: Issues and Alternatives (New York, Praeger, 1984); G. M. Luebbert, Comparative Democracy (New York, Columbia University Press, 1986); J. G. Marsh and J. P. Olsen, Rediscovering Institutions (New York, Free, 1989); J. Richardson (ed.), Policy Styles in Western Europe (London, Allen and Unwin, 1982); M. S. Shugart and J. M. Carey, Presidents and Assemblies (New York, Cambridge University Press, 1992); I. Wallterstein. The Capitalist World Economy (Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1979).
16. 2 The books referred to here are only those mentioned or alluded to, directly or indirectly, in the text. They are in no way an exhaustive bibliography of comparative politics works, which would of course be massive, especially for NOW. No journal article is listed. The full references for the works mentioned in this article fall into these categories: Classics, pre 1945 W. Bagehot, The English Constitution (London, Fontana, 1963 edn); Lord Bryce, Modern Democracies (New York, Macmillan, 1891); J. Locke, Second Treatise on Civil Government (New York, Van Nostrand, 1947 edn); A. L. Lowell, Government and Parties in Continental Europe, Vol. 2, (Cambridge MA, Harvard University Press, 1896); R. Michels, Political Parties (New York, Free, 1949 edn); Montesquieu, The Spirit of Laws (New York, Hafner, 1949 edn); G. Mosca, The Ruling Class (New York, McGraw-Hill, 1939 edn); M. Ostrogorski, Democracy and the Organization of Political Parties (New York, Macmillan, 1902); J. J. Rousseau, The Social Contract (London, Dent. 1973 edn); A. de Tocqueville, Democracy in America (Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1947 edn). THEN, immediate post-war G. A. Almond and J. S. Coleman, The Politics of the Developing Areas (Princeton NJ, Princeton University Press, 1960); G. A. Almond and G. B. Powell, Comparative Politics (Boston MA, Little, Brown, 1966); G. A. Almond and S. Verba, The Civic Culture (Princeton NJ, Princeton University Press, 1963); J. M. Buchanan and G. Tullock, The Calculus of Consent (Ann Arbor MI, University of Michigan Press, 1962); K. W. Deutsch, Nationalism and Social Communication (Cambridge MA, MIT University Press, 1953); K. W. Deutsch, The Nerves of Government (New York, Free, 1963); A. Downs, An Economic Theory of Democracy (New York, Harper, 1957); M. Duverger, Political Parties (New York, Wiley, English edn, 1954); D. Easton, The Political System (New York, Knopf, 1953); H. W. Ehrman, Interest Groups in Four Continents (Pittsburgh PA, University of Pittsburgh Press, 1958); H. Finer, The Theory and Practice of Modern Government (London, Methuen, 1949): S. E. Finer, The Man on Horseback (London, Pall Mall, 1962); R. T. Holt and J. E. Turner (eds), The Methodology of Comparative Research (New York, Free, 1970); S. P. Huntington, The Soldier and the State (New York, Free, 1957); M. Janowitz, The Professional Soldier (New York, Free, 1960); S. M. Lipset, Political Man (London, Heinemann, 1960); R. C. Macridis, The Study of Comparative Government (New York, Doubleday, 1955); W. Riker, The Theory of Political Coalitions (New Haven, Yale University Press, 1962); H. A. Simon, Administrative Behaviour (New York, Free, 1957); N. Wiener, Cybernetics and Society (New York, Houghton Mifflin, 1954); K. C. Wheare, Federal Government (Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1946). and NOW, the most recent literature I. Budge and H. Keman, Parties and Democracy (Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1990); A. De Swaan, Coalition Theories and Cabinet Formations (Amsterdam, Elsevier, 1973); P. Evans, D. Rueschemeyer and T. Skocpol (eds). Bringing the State Back In (Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1985); C. Ham and M. Hill, The Policy Process in the Modern Capitalist State (Hemel Hempstead, Harvester Wheatsheaf, 1993); A. Lijphart, Democracies (New Haven, Yale University Press, 1984); A Lijphart, Choosing an Electoral System: Issues and Alternatives (New York, Praeger, 1984); G. M. Luebbert, Comparative Democracy (New York, Columbia University Press, 1986); J. G. Marsh and J. P. Olsen, Rediscovering Institutions (New York, Free, 1989); J. Richardson (ed.), Policy Styles in Western Europe (London, Allen and Unwin, 1982); M. S. Shugart and J. M. Carey, Presidents and Assemblies (New York, Cambridge University Press, 1992); I. Wallterstein. The Capitalist World Economy (Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1979).
17. 2 The books referred to here are only those mentioned or alluded to, directly or indirectly, in the text. They are in no way an exhaustive bibliography of comparative politics works, which would of course be massive, especially for NOW. No journal article is listed. The full references for the works mentioned in this article fall into these categories: Classics, pre 1945 W. Bagehot, The English Constitution (London, Fontana, 1963 edn); Lord Bryce, Modern Democracies (New York, Macmillan, 1891); J. Locke, Second Treatise on Civil Government (New York, Van Nostrand, 1947 edn); A. L. Lowell, Government and Parties in Continental Europe, Vol. 2, (Cambridge MA, Harvard University Press, 1896); R. Michels, Political Parties (New York, Free, 1949 edn); Montesquieu, The Spirit of Laws (New York, Hafner, 1949 edn); G. Mosca, The Ruling Class (New York, McGraw-Hill, 1939 edn); M. Ostrogorski, Democracy and the Organization of Political Parties (New York, Macmillan, 1902); J. J. Rousseau, The Social Contract (London, Dent. 1973 edn); A. de Tocqueville, Democracy in America (Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1947 edn). THEN, immediate post-war G. A. Almond and J. S. Coleman, The Politics of the Developing Areas (Princeton NJ, Princeton University Press, 1960); G. A. Almond and G. B. Powell, Comparative Politics (Boston MA, Little, Brown, 1966); G. A. Almond and S. Verba, The Civic Culture (Princeton NJ, Princeton University Press, 1963); J. M. Buchanan and G. Tullock, The Calculus of Consent (Ann Arbor MI, University of Michigan Press, 1962); K. W. Deutsch, Nationalism and Social Communication (Cambridge MA, MIT University Press, 1953); K. W. Deutsch, The Nerves of Government (New York, Free, 1963); A. Downs, An Economic Theory of Democracy (New York, Harper, 1957); M. Duverger, Political Parties (New York, Wiley, English edn, 1954); D. Easton, The Political System (New York, Knopf, 1953); H. W. Ehrman, Interest Groups in Four Continents (Pittsburgh PA, University of Pittsburgh Press, 1958); H. Finer, The Theory and Practice of Modern Government (London, Methuen, 1949): S. E. Finer, The Man on Horseback (London, Pall Mall, 1962); R. T. Holt and J. E. Turner (eds), The Methodology of Comparative Research (New York, Free, 1970); S. P. Huntington, The Soldier and the State (New York, Free, 1957); M. Janowitz, The Professional Soldier (New York, Free, 1960); S. M. Lipset, Political Man (London, Heinemann, 1960); R. C. Macridis, The Study of Comparative Government (New York, Doubleday, 1955); W. Riker, The Theory of Political Coalitions (New Haven, Yale University Press, 1962); H. A. Simon, Administrative Behaviour (New York, Free, 1957); N. Wiener, Cybernetics and Society (New York, Houghton Mifflin, 1954); K. C. Wheare, Federal Government (Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1946). and NOW, the most recent literature I. Budge and H. Keman, Parties and Democracy (Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1990); A. De Swaan, Coalition Theories and Cabinet Formations (Amsterdam, Elsevier, 1973); P. Evans, D. Rueschemeyer and T. Skocpol (eds). Bringing the State Back In (Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1985); C. Ham and M. Hill, The Policy Process in the Modern Capitalist State (Hemel Hempstead, Harvester Wheatsheaf, 1993); A. Lijphart, Democracies (New Haven, Yale University Press, 1984); A Lijphart, Choosing an Electoral System: Issues and Alternatives (New York, Praeger, 1984); G. M. Luebbert, Comparative Democracy (New York, Columbia University Press, 1986); J. G. Marsh and J. P. Olsen, Rediscovering Institutions (New York, Free, 1989); J. Richardson (ed.), Policy Styles in Western Europe (London, Allen and Unwin, 1982); M. S. Shugart and J. M. Carey, Presidents and Assemblies (New York, Cambridge University Press, 1992); I. Wallterstein. The Capitalist World Economy (Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1979).
18. 2 The books referred to here are only those mentioned or alluded to, directly or indirectly, in the text. They are in no way an exhaustive bibliography of comparative politics works, which would of course be massive, especially for NOW. No journal article is listed. The full references for the works mentioned in this article fall into these categories: Classics, pre 1945 W. Bagehot, The English Constitution (London, Fontana, 1963 edn); Lord Bryce, Modern Democracies (New York, Macmillan, 1891); J. Locke, Second Treatise on Civil Government (New York, Van Nostrand, 1947 edn); A. L. Lowell, Government and Parties in Continental Europe, Vol. 2, (Cambridge MA, Harvard University Press, 1896); R. Michels, Political Parties (New York, Free, 1949 edn); Montesquieu, The Spirit of Laws (New York, Hafner, 1949 edn); G. Mosca, The Ruling Class (New York, McGraw-Hill, 1939 edn); M. Ostrogorski, Democracy and the Organization of Political Parties (New York, Macmillan, 1902); J. J. Rousseau, The Social Contract (London, Dent. 1973 edn); A. de Tocqueville, Democracy in America (Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1947 edn). THEN, immediate post-war G. A. Almond and J. S. Coleman, The Politics of the Developing Areas (Princeton NJ, Princeton University Press, 1960); G. A. Almond and G. B. Powell, Comparative Politics (Boston MA, Little, Brown, 1966); G. A. Almond and S. Verba, The Civic Culture (Princeton NJ, Princeton University Press, 1963); J. M. Buchanan and G. Tullock, The Calculus of Consent (Ann Arbor MI, University of Michigan Press, 1962); K. W. Deutsch, Nationalism and Social Communication (Cambridge MA, MIT University Press, 1953); K. W. Deutsch, The Nerves of Government (New York, Free, 1963); A. Downs, An Economic Theory of Democracy (New York, Harper, 1957); M. Duverger, Political Parties (New York, Wiley, English edn, 1954); D. Easton, The Political System (New York, Knopf, 1953); H. W. Ehrman, Interest Groups in Four Continents (Pittsburgh PA, University of Pittsburgh Press, 1958); H. Finer, The Theory and Practice of Modern Government (London, Methuen, 1949): S. E. Finer, The Man on Horseback (London, Pall Mall, 1962); R. T. Holt and J. E. Turner (eds), The Methodology of Comparative Research (New York, Free, 1970); S. P. Huntington, The Soldier and the State (New York, Free, 1957); M. Janowitz, The Professional Soldier (New York, Free, 1960); S. M. Lipset, Political Man (London, Heinemann, 1960); R. C. Macridis, The Study of Comparative Government (New York, Doubleday, 1955); W. Riker, The Theory of Political Coalitions (New Haven, Yale University Press, 1962); H. A. Simon, Administrative Behaviour (New York, Free, 1957); N. Wiener, Cybernetics and Society (New York, Houghton Mifflin, 1954); K. C. Wheare, Federal Government (Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1946). and NOW, the most recent literature I. Budge and H. Keman, Parties and Democracy (Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1990); A. De Swaan, Coalition Theories and Cabinet Formations (Amsterdam, Elsevier, 1973); P. Evans, D. Rueschemeyer and T. Skocpol (eds). Bringing the State Back In (Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1985); C. Ham and M. Hill, The Policy Process in the Modern Capitalist State (Hemel Hempstead, Harvester Wheatsheaf, 1993); A. Lijphart, Democracies (New Haven, Yale University Press, 1984); A Lijphart, Choosing an Electoral System: Issues and Alternatives (New York, Praeger, 1984); G. M. Luebbert, Comparative Democracy (New York, Columbia University Press, 1986); J. G. Marsh and J. P. Olsen, Rediscovering Institutions (New York, Free, 1989); J. Richardson (ed.), Policy Styles in Western Europe (London, Allen and Unwin, 1982); M. S. Shugart and J. M. Carey, Presidents and Assemblies (New York, Cambridge University Press, 1992); I. Wallterstein. The Capitalist World Economy (Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1979).
19. 2 The books referred to here are only those mentioned or alluded to, directly or indirectly, in the text. They are in no way an exhaustive bibliography of comparative politics works, which would of course be massive, especially for NOW. No journal article is listed. The full references for the works mentioned in this article fall into these categories: Classics, pre 1945 W. Bagehot, The English Constitution (London, Fontana, 1963 edn); Lord Bryce, Modern Democracies (New York, Macmillan, 1891); J. Locke, Second Treatise on Civil Government (New York, Van Nostrand, 1947 edn); A. L. Lowell, Government and Parties in Continental Europe, Vol. 2, (Cambridge MA, Harvard University Press, 1896); R. Michels, Political Parties (New York, Free, 1949 edn); Montesquieu, The Spirit of Laws (New York, Hafner, 1949 edn); G. Mosca, The Ruling Class (New York, McGraw-Hill, 1939 edn); M. Ostrogorski, Democracy and the Organization of Political Parties (New York, Macmillan, 1902); J. J. Rousseau, The Social Contract (London, Dent. 1973 edn); A. de Tocqueville, Democracy in America (Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1947 edn). THEN, immediate post-war G. A. Almond and J. S. Coleman, The Politics of the Developing Areas (Princeton NJ, Princeton University Press, 1960); G. A. Almond and G. B. Powell, Comparative Politics (Boston MA, Little, Brown, 1966); G. A. Almond and S. Verba, The Civic Culture (Princeton NJ, Princeton University Press, 1963); J. M. Buchanan and G. Tullock, The Calculus of Consent (Ann Arbor MI, University of Michigan Press, 1962); K. W. Deutsch, Nationalism and Social Communication (Cambridge MA, MIT University Press, 1953); K. W. Deutsch, The Nerves of Government (New York, Free, 1963); A. Downs, An Economic Theory of Democracy (New York, Harper, 1957); M. Duverger, Political Parties (New York, Wiley, English edn, 1954); D. Easton, The Political System (New York, Knopf, 1953); H. W. Ehrman, Interest Groups in Four Continents (Pittsburgh PA, University of Pittsburgh Press, 1958); H. Finer, The Theory and Practice of Modern Government (London, Methuen, 1949): S. E. Finer, The Man on Horseback (London, Pall Mall, 1962); R. T. Holt and J. E. Turner (eds), The Methodology of Comparative Research (New York, Free, 1970); S. P. Huntington, The Soldier and the State (New York, Free, 1957); M. Janowitz, The Professional Soldier (New York, Free, 1960); S. M. Lipset, Political Man (London, Heinemann, 1960); R. C. Macridis, The Study of Comparative Government (New York, Doubleday, 1955); W. Riker, The Theory of Political Coalitions (New Haven, Yale University Press, 1962); H. A. Simon, Administrative Behaviour (New York, Free, 1957); N. Wiener, Cybernetics and Society (New York, Houghton Mifflin, 1954); K. C. Wheare, Federal Government (Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1946). and NOW, the most recent literature I. Budge and H. Keman, Parties and Democracy (Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1990); A. De Swaan, Coalition Theories and Cabinet Formations (Amsterdam, Elsevier, 1973); P. Evans, D. Rueschemeyer and T. Skocpol (eds). Bringing the State Back In (Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1985); C. Ham and M. Hill, The Policy Process in the Modern Capitalist State (Hemel Hempstead, Harvester Wheatsheaf, 1993); A. Lijphart, Democracies (New Haven, Yale University Press, 1984); A Lijphart, Choosing an Electoral System: Issues and Alternatives (New York, Praeger, 1984); G. M. Luebbert, Comparative Democracy (New York, Columbia University Press, 1986); J. G. Marsh and J. P. Olsen, Rediscovering Institutions (New York, Free, 1989); J. Richardson (ed.), Policy Styles in Western Europe (London, Allen and Unwin, 1982); M. S. Shugart and J. M. Carey, Presidents and Assemblies (New York, Cambridge University Press, 1992); I. Wallterstein. The Capitalist World Economy (Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1979).
20. 2 The books referred to here are only those mentioned or alluded to, directly or indirectly, in the text. They are in no way an exhaustive bibliography of comparative politics works, which would of course be massive, especially for NOW. No journal article is listed. The full references for the works mentioned in this article fall into these categories: Classics, pre 1945 W. Bagehot, The English Constitution (London, Fontana, 1963 edn); Lord Bryce, Modern Democracies (New York, Macmillan, 1891); J. Locke, Second Treatise on Civil Government (New York, Van Nostrand, 1947 edn); A. L. Lowell, Government and Parties in Continental Europe, Vol. 2, (Cambridge MA, Harvard University Press, 1896); R. Michels, Political Parties (New York, Free, 1949 edn); Montesquieu, The Spirit of Laws (New York, Hafner, 1949 edn); G. Mosca, The Ruling Class (New York, McGraw-Hill, 1939 edn); M. Ostrogorski, Democracy and the Organization of Political Parties (New York, Macmillan, 1902); J. J. Rousseau, The Social Contract (London, Dent. 1973 edn); A. de Tocqueville, Democracy in America (Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1947 edn). THEN, immediate post-war G. A. Almond and J. S. Coleman, The Politics of the Developing Areas (Princeton NJ, Princeton University Press, 1960); G. A. Almond and G. B. Powell, Comparative Politics (Boston MA, Little, Brown, 1966); G. A. Almond and S. Verba, The Civic Culture (Princeton NJ, Princeton University Press, 1963); J. M. Buchanan and G. Tullock, The Calculus of Consent (Ann Arbor MI, University of Michigan Press, 1962); K. W. Deutsch, Nationalism and Social Communication (Cambridge MA, MIT University Press, 1953); K. W. Deutsch, The Nerves of Government (New York, Free, 1963); A. Downs, An Economic Theory of Democracy (New York, Harper, 1957); M. Duverger, Political Parties (New York, Wiley, English edn, 1954); D. Easton, The Political System (New York, Knopf, 1953); H. W. Ehrman, Interest Groups in Four Continents (Pittsburgh PA, University of Pittsburgh Press, 1958); H. Finer, The Theory and Practice of Modern Government (London, Methuen, 1949): S. E. Finer, The Man on Horseback (London, Pall Mall, 1962); R. T. Holt and J. E. Turner (eds), The Methodology of Comparative Research (New York, Free, 1970); S. P. Huntington, The Soldier and the State (New York, Free, 1957); M. Janowitz, The Professional Soldier (New York, Free, 1960); S. M. Lipset, Political Man (London, Heinemann, 1960); R. C. Macridis, The Study of Comparative Government (New York, Doubleday, 1955); W. Riker, The Theory of Political Coalitions (New Haven, Yale University Press, 1962); H. A. Simon, Administrative Behaviour (New York, Free, 1957); N. Wiener, Cybernetics and Society (New York, Houghton Mifflin, 1954); K. C. Wheare, Federal Government (Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1946). and NOW, the most recent literature I. Budge and H. Keman, Parties and Democracy (Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1990); A. De Swaan, Coalition Theories and Cabinet Formations (Amsterdam, Elsevier, 1973); P. Evans, D. Rueschemeyer and T. Skocpol (eds). Bringing the State Back In (Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1985); C. Ham and M. Hill, The Policy Process in the Modern Capitalist State (Hemel Hempstead, Harvester Wheatsheaf, 1993); A. Lijphart, Democracies (New Haven, Yale University Press, 1984); A Lijphart, Choosing an Electoral System: Issues and Alternatives (New York, Praeger, 1984); G. M. Luebbert, Comparative Democracy (New York, Columbia University Press, 1986); J. G. Marsh and J. P. Olsen, Rediscovering Institutions (New York, Free, 1989); J. Richardson (ed.), Policy Styles in Western Europe (London, Allen and Unwin, 1982); M. S. Shugart and J. M. Carey, Presidents and Assemblies (New York, Cambridge University Press, 1992); I. Wallterstein. The Capitalist World Economy (Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1979).
21. 2 The books referred to here are only those mentioned or alluded to, directly or indirectly, in the text. They are in no way an exhaustive bibliography of comparative politics works, which would of course be massive, especially for NOW. No journal article is listed. The full references for the works mentioned in this article fall into these categories: Classics, pre 1945 W. Bagehot, The English Constitution (London, Fontana, 1963 edn); Lord Bryce, Modern Democracies (New York, Macmillan, 1891); J. Locke, Second Treatise on Civil Government (New York, Van Nostrand, 1947 edn); A. L. Lowell, Government and Parties in Continental Europe, Vol. 2, (Cambridge MA, Harvard University Press, 1896); R. Michels, Political Parties (New York, Free, 1949 edn); Montesquieu, The Spirit of Laws (New York, Hafner, 1949 edn); G. Mosca, The Ruling Class (New York, McGraw-Hill, 1939 edn); M. Ostrogorski, Democracy and the Organization of Political Parties (New York, Macmillan, 1902); J. J. Rousseau, The Social Contract (London, Dent. 1973 edn); A. de Tocqueville, Democracy in America (Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1947 edn). THEN, immediate post-war G. A. Almond and J. S. Coleman, The Politics of the Developing Areas (Princeton NJ, Princeton University Press, 1960); G. A. Almond and G. B. Powell, Comparative Politics (Boston MA, Little, Brown, 1966); G. A. Almond and S. Verba, The Civic Culture (Princeton NJ, Princeton University Press, 1963); J. M. Buchanan and G. Tullock, The Calculus of Consent (Ann Arbor MI, University of Michigan Press, 1962); K. W. Deutsch, Nationalism and Social Communication (Cambridge MA, MIT University Press, 1953); K. W. Deutsch, The Nerves of Government (New York, Free, 1963); A. Downs, An Economic Theory of Democracy (New York, Harper, 1957); M. Duverger, Political Parties (New York, Wiley, English edn, 1954); D. Easton, The Political System (New York, Knopf, 1953); H. W. Ehrman, Interest Groups in Four Continents (Pittsburgh PA, University of Pittsburgh Press, 1958); H. Finer, The Theory and Practice of Modern Government (London, Methuen, 1949): S. E. Finer, The Man on Horseback (London, Pall Mall, 1962); R. T. Holt and J. E. Turner (eds), The Methodology of Comparative Research (New York, Free, 1970); S. P. Huntington, The Soldier and the State (New York, Free, 1957); M. Janowitz, The Professional Soldier (New York, Free, 1960); S. M. Lipset, Political Man (London, Heinemann, 1960); R. C. Macridis, The Study of Comparative Government (New York, Doubleday, 1955); W. Riker, The Theory of Political Coalitions (New Haven, Yale University Press, 1962); H. A. Simon, Administrative Behaviour (New York, Free, 1957); N. Wiener, Cybernetics and Society (New York, Houghton Mifflin, 1954); K. C. Wheare, Federal Government (Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1946). and NOW, the most recent literature I. Budge and H. Keman, Parties and Democracy (Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1990); A. De Swaan, Coalition Theories and Cabinet Formations (Amsterdam, Elsevier, 1973); P. Evans, D. Rueschemeyer and T. Skocpol (eds). Bringing the State Back In (Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1985); C. Ham and M. Hill, The Policy Process in the Modern Capitalist State (Hemel Hempstead, Harvester Wheatsheaf, 1993); A. Lijphart, Democracies (New Haven, Yale University Press, 1984); A Lijphart, Choosing an Electoral System: Issues and Alternatives (New York, Praeger, 1984); G. M. Luebbert, Comparative Democracy (New York, Columbia University Press, 1986); J. G. Marsh and J. P. Olsen, Rediscovering Institutions (New York, Free, 1989); J. Richardson (ed.), Policy Styles in Western Europe (London, Allen and Unwin, 1982); M. S. Shugart and J. M. Carey, Presidents and Assemblies (New York, Cambridge University Press, 1992); I. Wallterstein. The Capitalist World Economy (Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1979).
22. 2 The books referred to here are only those mentioned or alluded to, directly or indirectly, in the text. They are in no way an exhaustive bibliography of comparative politics works, which would of course be massive, especially for NOW. No journal article is listed. The full references for the works mentioned in this article fall into these categories: Classics, pre 1945 W. Bagehot, The English Constitution (London, Fontana, 1963 edn); Lord Bryce, Modern Democracies (New York, Macmillan, 1891); J. Locke, Second Treatise on Civil Government (New York, Van Nostrand, 1947 edn); A. L. Lowell, Government and Parties in Continental Europe, Vol. 2, (Cambridge MA, Harvard University Press, 1896); R. Michels, Political Parties (New York, Free, 1949 edn); Montesquieu, The Spirit of Laws (New York, Hafner, 1949 edn); G. Mosca, The Ruling Class (New York, McGraw-Hill, 1939 edn); M. Ostrogorski, Democracy and the Organization of Political Parties (New York, Macmillan, 1902); J. J. Rousseau, The Social Contract (London, Dent. 1973 edn); A. de Tocqueville, Democracy in America (Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1947 edn). THEN, immediate post-war G. A. Almond and J. S. Coleman, The Politics of the Developing Areas (Princeton NJ, Princeton University Press, 1960); G. A. Almond and G. B. Powell, Comparative Politics (Boston MA, Little, Brown, 1966); G. A. Almond and S. Verba, The Civic Culture (Princeton NJ, Princeton University Press, 1963); J. M. Buchanan and G. Tullock, The Calculus of Consent (Ann Arbor MI, University of Michigan Press, 1962); K. W. Deutsch, Nationalism and Social Communication (Cambridge MA, MIT University Press, 1953); K. W. Deutsch, The Nerves of Government (New York, Free, 1963); A. Downs, An Economic Theory of Democracy (New York, Harper, 1957); M. Duverger, Political Parties (New York, Wiley, English edn, 1954); D. Easton, The Political System (New York, Knopf, 1953); H. W. Ehrman, Interest Groups in Four Continents (Pittsburgh PA, University of Pittsburgh Press, 1958); H. Finer, The Theory and Practice of Modern Government (London, Methuen, 1949): S. E. Finer, The Man on Horseback (London, Pall Mall, 1962); R. T. Holt and J. E. Turner (eds), The Methodology of Comparative Research (New York, Free, 1970); S. P. Huntington, The Soldier and the State (New York, Free, 1957); M. Janowitz, The Professional Soldier (New York, Free, 1960); S. M. Lipset, Political Man (London, Heinemann, 1960); R. C. Macridis, The Study of Comparative Government (New York, Doubleday, 1955); W. Riker, The Theory of Political Coalitions (New Haven, Yale University Press, 1962); H. A. Simon, Administrative Behaviour (New York, Free, 1957); N. Wiener, Cybernetics and Society (New York, Houghton Mifflin, 1954); K. C. Wheare, Federal Government (Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1946). and NOW, the most recent literature I. Budge and H. Keman, Parties and Democracy (Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1990); A. De Swaan, Coalition Theories and Cabinet Formations (Amsterdam, Elsevier, 1973); P. Evans, D. Rueschemeyer and T. Skocpol (eds). Bringing the State Back In (Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1985); C. Ham and M. Hill, The Policy Process in the Modern Capitalist State (Hemel Hempstead, Harvester Wheatsheaf, 1993); A. Lijphart, Democracies (New Haven, Yale University Press, 1984); A Lijphart, Choosing an Electoral System: Issues and Alternatives (New York, Praeger, 1984); G. M. Luebbert, Comparative Democracy (New York, Columbia University Press, 1986); J. G. Marsh and J. P. Olsen, Rediscovering Institutions (New York, Free, 1989); J. Richardson (ed.), Policy Styles in Western Europe (London, Allen and Unwin, 1982); M. S. Shugart and J. M. Carey, Presidents and Assemblies (New York, Cambridge University Press, 1992); I. Wallterstein. The Capitalist World Economy (Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1979).
23. 2 The books referred to here are only those mentioned or alluded to, directly or indirectly, in the text. They are in no way an exhaustive bibliography of comparative politics works, which would of course be massive, especially for NOW. No journal article is listed. The full references for the works mentioned in this article fall into these categories: Classics, pre 1945 W. Bagehot, The English Constitution (London, Fontana, 1963 edn); Lord Bryce, Modern Democracies (New York, Macmillan, 1891); J. Locke, Second Treatise on Civil Government (New York, Van Nostrand, 1947 edn); A. L. Lowell, Government and Parties in Continental Europe, Vol. 2, (Cambridge MA, Harvard University Press, 1896); R. Michels, Political Parties (New York, Free, 1949 edn); Montesquieu, The Spirit of Laws (New York, Hafner, 1949 edn); G. Mosca, The Ruling Class (New York, McGraw-Hill, 1939 edn); M. Ostrogorski, Democracy and the Organization of Political Parties (New York, Macmillan, 1902); J. J. Rousseau, The Social Contract (London, Dent. 1973 edn); A. de Tocqueville, Democracy in America (Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1947 edn). THEN, immediate post-war G. A. Almond and J. S. Coleman, The Politics of the Developing Areas (Princeton NJ, Princeton University Press, 1960); G. A. Almond and G. B. Powell, Comparative Politics (Boston MA, Little, Brown, 1966); G. A. Almond and S. Verba, The Civic Culture (Princeton NJ, Princeton University Press, 1963); J. M. Buchanan and G. Tullock, The Calculus of Consent (Ann Arbor MI, University of Michigan Press, 1962); K. W. Deutsch, Nationalism and Social Communication (Cambridge MA, MIT University Press, 1953); K. W. Deutsch, The Nerves of Government (New York, Free, 1963); A. Downs, An Economic Theory of Democracy (New York, Harper, 1957); M. Duverger, Political Parties (New York, Wiley, English edn, 1954); D. Easton, The Political System (New York, Knopf, 1953); H. W. Ehrman, Interest Groups in Four Continents (Pittsburgh PA, University of Pittsburgh Press, 1958); H. Finer, The Theory and Practice of Modern Government (London, Methuen, 1949): S. E. Finer, The Man on Horseback (London, Pall Mall, 1962); R. T. Holt and J. E. Turner (eds), The Methodology of Comparative Research (New York, Free, 1970); S. P. Huntington, The Soldier and the State (New York, Free, 1957); M. Janowitz, The Professional Soldier (New York, Free, 1960); S. M. Lipset, Political Man (London, Heinemann, 1960); R. C. Macridis, The Study of Comparative Government (New York, Doubleday, 1955); W. Riker, The Theory of Political Coalitions (New Haven, Yale University Press, 1962); H. A. Simon, Administrative Behaviour (New York, Free, 1957); N. Wiener, Cybernetics and Society (New York, Houghton Mifflin, 1954); K. C. Wheare, Federal Government (Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1946). and NOW, the most recent literature I. Budge and H. Keman, Parties and Democracy (Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1990); A. De Swaan, Coalition Theories and Cabinet Formations (Amsterdam, Elsevier, 1973); P. Evans, D. Rueschemeyer and T. Skocpol (eds). Bringing the State Back In (Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1985); C. Ham and M. Hill, The Policy Process in the Modern Capitalist State (Hemel Hempstead, Harvester Wheatsheaf, 1993); A. Lijphart, Democracies (New Haven, Yale University Press, 1984); A Lijphart, Choosing an Electoral System: Issues and Alternatives (New York, Praeger, 1984); G. M. Luebbert, Comparative Democracy (New York, Columbia University Press, 1986); J. G. Marsh and J. P. Olsen, Rediscovering Institutions (New York, Free, 1989); J. Richardson (ed.), Policy Styles in Western Europe (London, Allen and Unwin, 1982); M. S. Shugart and J. M. Carey, Presidents and Assemblies (New York, Cambridge University Press, 1992); I. Wallterstein. The Capitalist World Economy (Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1979).
24. 2 The books referred to here are only those mentioned or alluded to, directly or indirectly, in the text. They are in no way an exhaustive bibliography of comparative politics works, which would of course be massive, especially for NOW. No journal article is listed. The full references for the works mentioned in this article fall into these categories: Classics, pre 1945 W. Bagehot, The English Constitution (London, Fontana, 1963 edn); Lord Bryce, Modern Democracies (New York, Macmillan, 1891); J. Locke, Second Treatise on Civil Government (New York, Van Nostrand, 1947 edn); A. L. Lowell, Government and Parties in Continental Europe, Vol. 2, (Cambridge MA, Harvard University Press, 1896); R. Michels, Political Parties (New York, Free, 1949 edn); Montesquieu, The Spirit of Laws (New York, Hafner, 1949 edn); G. Mosca, The Ruling Class (New York, McGraw-Hill, 1939 edn); M. Ostrogorski, Democracy and the Organization of Political Parties (New York, Macmillan, 1902); J. J. Rousseau, The Social Contract (London, Dent. 1973 edn); A. de Tocqueville, Democracy in America (Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1947 edn). THEN, immediate post-war G. A. Almond and J. S. Coleman, The Politics of the Developing Areas (Princeton NJ, Princeton University Press, 1960); G. A. Almond and G. B. Powell, Comparative Politics (Boston MA, Little, Brown, 1966); G. A. Almond and S. Verba, The Civic Culture (Princeton NJ, Princeton University Press, 1963); J. M. Buchanan and G. Tullock, The Calculus of Consent (Ann Arbor MI, University of Michigan Press, 1962); K. W. Deutsch, Nationalism and Social Communication (Cambridge MA, MIT University Press, 1953); K. W. Deutsch, The Nerves of Government (New York, Free, 1963); A. Downs, An Economic Theory of Democracy (New York, Harper, 1957); M. Duverger, Political Parties (New York, Wiley, English edn, 1954); D. Easton, The Political System (New York, Knopf, 1953); H. W. Ehrman, Interest Groups in Four Continents (Pittsburgh PA, University of Pittsburgh Press, 1958); H. Finer, The Theory and Practice of Modern Government (London, Methuen, 1949): S. E. Finer, The Man on Horseback (London, Pall Mall, 1962); R. T. Holt and J. E. Turner (eds), The Methodology of Comparative Research (New York, Free, 1970); S. P. Huntington, The Soldier and the State (New York, Free, 1957); M. Janowitz, The Professional Soldier (New York, Free, 1960); S. M. Lipset, Political Man (London, Heinemann, 1960); R. C. Macridis, The Study of Comparative Government (New York, Doubleday, 1955); W. Riker, The Theory of Political Coalitions (New Haven, Yale University Press, 1962); H. A. Simon, Administrative Behaviour (New York, Free, 1957); N. Wiener, Cybernetics and Society (New York, Houghton Mifflin, 1954); K. C. Wheare, Federal Government (Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1946). and NOW, the most recent literature I. Budge and H. Keman, Parties and Democracy (Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1990); A. De Swaan, Coalition Theories and Cabinet Formations (Amsterdam, Elsevier, 1973); P. Evans, D. Rueschemeyer and T. Skocpol (eds). Bringing the State Back In (Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1985); C. Ham and M. Hill, The Policy Process in the Modern Capitalist State (Hemel Hempstead, Harvester Wheatsheaf, 1993); A. Lijphart, Democracies (New Haven, Yale University Press, 1984); A Lijphart, Choosing an Electoral System: Issues and Alternatives (New York, Praeger, 1984); G. M. Luebbert, Comparative Democracy (New York, Columbia University Press, 1986); J. G. Marsh and J. P. Olsen, Rediscovering Institutions (New York, Free, 1989); J. Richardson (ed.), Policy Styles in Western Europe (London, Allen and Unwin, 1982); M. S. Shugart and J. M. Carey, Presidents and Assemblies (New York, Cambridge University Press, 1992); I. Wallterstein. The Capitalist World Economy (Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1979).
25. 2 The books referred to here are only those mentioned or alluded to, directly or indirectly, in the text. They are in no way an exhaustive bibliography of comparative politics works, which would of course be massive, especially for NOW. No journal article is listed. The full references for the works mentioned in this article fall into these categories: Classics, pre 1945 W. Bagehot, The English Constitution (London, Fontana, 1963 edn); Lord Bryce, Modern Democracies (New York, Macmillan, 1891); J. Locke, Second Treatise on Civil Government (New York, Van Nostrand, 1947 edn); A. L. Lowell, Government and Parties in Continental Europe, Vol. 2, (Cambridge MA, Harvard University Press, 1896); R. Michels, Political Parties (New York, Free, 1949 edn); Montesquieu, The Spirit of Laws (New York, Hafner, 1949 edn); G. Mosca, The Ruling Class (New York, McGraw-Hill, 1939 edn); M. Ostrogorski, Democracy and the Organization of Political Parties (New York, Macmillan, 1902); J. J. Rousseau, The Social Contract (London, Dent. 1973 edn); A. de Tocqueville, Democracy in America (Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1947 edn). THEN, immediate post-war G. A. Almond and J. S. Coleman, The Politics of the Developing Areas (Princeton NJ, Princeton University Press, 1960); G. A. Almond and G. B. Powell, Comparative Politics (Boston MA, Little, Brown, 1966); G. A. Almond and S. Verba, The Civic Culture (Princeton NJ, Princeton University Press, 1963); J. M. Buchanan and G. Tullock, The Calculus of Consent (Ann Arbor MI, University of Michigan Press, 1962); K. W. Deutsch, Nationalism and Social Communication (Cambridge MA, MIT University Press, 1953); K. W. Deutsch, The Nerves of Government (New York, Free, 1963); A. Downs, An Economic Theory of Democracy (New York, Harper, 1957); M. Duverger, Political Parties (New York, Wiley, English edn, 1954); D. Easton, The Political System (New York, Knopf, 1953); H. W. Ehrman, Interest Groups in Four Continents (Pittsburgh PA, University of Pittsburgh Press, 1958); H. Finer, The Theory and Practice of Modern Government (London, Methuen, 1949): S. E. Finer, The Man on Horseback (London, Pall Mall, 1962); R. T. Holt and J. E. Turner (eds), The Methodology of Comparative Research (New York, Free, 1970); S. P. Huntington, The Soldier and the State (New York, Free, 1957); M. Janowitz, The Professional Soldier (New York, Free, 1960); S. M. Lipset, Political Man (London, Heinemann, 1960); R. C. Macridis, The Study of Comparative Government (New York, Doubleday, 1955); W. Riker, The Theory of Political Coalitions (New Haven, Yale University Press, 1962); H. A. Simon, Administrative Behaviour (New York, Free, 1957); N. Wiener, Cybernetics and Society (New York, Houghton Mifflin, 1954); K. C. Wheare, Federal Government (Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1946). and NOW, the most recent literature I. Budge and H. Keman, Parties and Democracy (Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1990); A. De Swaan, Coalition Theories and Cabinet Formations (Amsterdam, Elsevier, 1973); P. Evans, D. Rueschemeyer and T. Skocpol (eds). Bringing the State Back In (Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1985); C. Ham and M. Hill, The Policy Process in the Modern Capitalist State (Hemel Hempstead, Harvester Wheatsheaf, 1993); A. Lijphart, Democracies (New Haven, Yale University Press, 1984); A Lijphart, Choosing an Electoral System: Issues and Alternatives (New York, Praeger, 1984); G. M. Luebbert, Comparative Democracy (New York, Columbia University Press, 1986); J. G. Marsh and J. P. Olsen, Rediscovering Institutions (New York, Free, 1989); J. Richardson (ed.), Policy Styles in Western Europe (London, Allen and Unwin, 1982); M. S. Shugart and J. M. Carey, Presidents and Assemblies (New York, Cambridge University Press, 1992); I. Wallterstein. The Capitalist World Economy (Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1979).
26. 2 The books referred to here are only those mentioned or alluded to, directly or indirectly, in the text. They are in no way an exhaustive bibliography of comparative politics works, which would of course be massive, especially for NOW. No journal article is listed. The full references for the works mentioned in this article fall into these categories: Classics, pre 1945 W. Bagehot, The English Constitution (London, Fontana, 1963 edn); Lord Bryce, Modern Democracies (New York, Macmillan, 1891); J. Locke, Second Treatise on Civil Government (New York, Van Nostrand, 1947 edn); A. L. Lowell, Government and Parties in Continental Europe, Vol. 2, (Cambridge MA, Harvard University Press, 1896); R. Michels, Political Parties (New York, Free, 1949 edn); Montesquieu, The Spirit of Laws (New York, Hafner, 1949 edn); G. Mosca, The Ruling Class (New York, McGraw-Hill, 1939 edn); M. Ostrogorski, Democracy and the Organization of Political Parties (New York, Macmillan, 1902); J. J. Rousseau, The Social Contract (London, Dent. 1973 edn); A. de Tocqueville, Democracy in America (Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1947 edn). THEN, immediate post-war G. A. Almond and J. S. Coleman, The Politics of the Developing Areas (Princeton NJ, Princeton University Press, 1960); G. A. Almond and G. B. Powell, Comparative Politics (Boston MA, Little, Brown, 1966); G. A. Almond and S. Verba, The Civic Culture (Princeton NJ, Princeton University Press, 1963); J. M. Buchanan and G. Tullock, The Calculus of Consent (Ann Arbor MI, University of Michigan Press, 1962); K. W. Deutsch, Nationalism and Social Communication (Cambridge MA, MIT University Press, 1953); K. W. Deutsch, The Nerves of Government (New York, Free, 1963); A. Downs, An Economic Theory of Democracy (New York, Harper, 1957); M. Duverger, Political Parties (New York, Wiley, English edn, 1954); D. Easton, The Political System (New York, Knopf, 1953); H. W. Ehrman, Interest Groups in Four Continents (Pittsburgh PA, University of Pittsburgh Press, 1958); H. Finer, The Theory and Practice of Modern Government (London, Methuen, 1949): S. E. Finer, The Man on Horseback (London, Pall Mall, 1962); R. T. Holt and J. E. Turner (eds), The Methodology of Comparative Research (New York, Free, 1970); S. P. Huntington, The Soldier and the State (New York, Free, 1957); M. Janowitz, The Professional Soldier (New York, Free, 1960); S. M. Lipset, Political Man (London, Heinemann, 1960); R. C. Macridis, The Study of Comparative Government (New York, Doubleday, 1955); W. Riker, The Theory of Political Coalitions (New Haven, Yale University Press, 1962); H. A. Simon, Administrative Behaviour (New York, Free, 1957); N. Wiener, Cybernetics and Society (New York, Houghton Mifflin, 1954); K. C. Wheare, Federal Government (Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1946). and NOW, the most recent literature I. Budge and H. Keman, Parties and Democracy (Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1990); A. De Swaan, Coalition Theories and Cabinet Formations (Amsterdam, Elsevier, 1973); P. Evans, D. Rueschemeyer and T. Skocpol (eds). Bringing the State Back In (Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1985); C. Ham and M. Hill, The Policy Process in the Modern Capitalist State (Hemel Hempstead, Harvester Wheatsheaf, 1993); A. Lijphart, Democracies (New Haven, Yale University Press, 1984); A Lijphart, Choosing an Electoral System: Issues and Alternatives (New York, Praeger, 1984); G. M. Luebbert, Comparative Democracy (New York, Columbia University Press, 1986); J. G. Marsh and J. P. Olsen, Rediscovering Institutions (New York, Free, 1989); J. Richardson (ed.), Policy Styles in Western Europe (London, Allen and Unwin, 1982); M. S. Shugart and J. M. Carey, Presidents and Assemblies (New York, Cambridge University Press, 1992); I. Wallterstein. The Capitalist World Economy (Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1979).
27. 2 The books referred to here are only those mentioned or alluded to, directly or indirectly, in the text. They are in no way an exhaustive bibliography of comparative politics works, which would of course be massive, especially for NOW. No journal article is listed. The full references for the works mentioned in this article fall into these categories: Classics, pre 1945 W. Bagehot, The English Constitution (London, Fontana, 1963 edn); Lord Bryce, Modern Democracies (New York, Macmillan, 1891); J. Locke, Second Treatise on Civil Government (New York, Van Nostrand, 1947 edn); A. L. Lowell, Government and Parties in Continental Europe, Vol. 2, (Cambridge MA, Harvard University Press, 1896); R. Michels, Political Parties (New York, Free, 1949 edn); Montesquieu, The Spirit of Laws (New York, Hafner, 1949 edn); G. Mosca, The Ruling Class (New York, McGraw-Hill, 1939 edn); M. Ostrogorski, Democracy and the Organization of Political Parties (New York, Macmillan, 1902); J. J. Rousseau, The Social Contract (London, Dent. 1973 edn); A. de Tocqueville, Democracy in America (Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1947 edn). THEN, immediate post-war G. A. Almond and J. S. Coleman, The Politics of the Developing Areas (Princeton NJ, Princeton University Press, 1960); G. A. Almond and G. B. Powell, Comparative Politics (Boston MA, Little, Brown, 1966); G. A. Almond and S. Verba, The Civic Culture (Princeton NJ, Princeton University Press, 1963); J. M. Buchanan and G. Tullock, The Calculus of Consent (Ann Arbor MI, University of Michigan Press, 1962); K. W. Deutsch, Nationalism and Social Communication (Cambridge MA, MIT University Press, 1953); K. W. Deutsch, The Nerves of Government (New York, Free, 1963); A. Downs, An Economic Theory of Democracy (New York, Harper, 1957); M. Duverger, Political Parties (New York, Wiley, English edn, 1954); D. Easton, The Political System (New York, Knopf, 1953); H. W. Ehrman, Interest Groups in Four Continents (Pittsburgh PA, University of Pittsburgh Press, 1958); H. Finer, The Theory and Practice of Modern Government (London, Methuen, 1949): S. E. Finer, The Man on Horseback (London, Pall Mall, 1962); R. T. Holt and J. E. Turner (eds), The Methodology of Comparative Research (New York, Free, 1970); S. P. Huntington, The Soldier and the State (New York, Free, 1957); M. Janowitz, The Professional Soldier (New York, Free, 1960); S. M. Lipset, Political Man (London, Heinemann, 1960); R. C. Macridis, The Study of Comparative Government (New York, Doubleday, 1955); W. Riker, The Theory of Political Coalitions (New Haven, Yale University Press, 1962); H. A. Simon, Administrative Behaviour (New York, Free, 1957); N. Wiener, Cybernetics and Society (New York, Houghton Mifflin, 1954); K. C. Wheare, Federal Government (Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1946). and NOW, the most recent literature I. Budge and H. Keman, Parties and Democracy (Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1990); A. De Swaan, Coalition Theories and Cabinet Formations (Amsterdam, Elsevier, 1973); P. Evans, D. Rueschemeyer and T. Skocpol (eds). Bringing the State Back In (Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1985); C. Ham and M. Hill, The Policy Process in the Modern Capitalist State (Hemel Hempstead, Harvester Wheatsheaf, 1993); A. Lijphart, Democracies (New Haven, Yale University Press, 1984); A Lijphart, Choosing an Electoral System: Issues and Alternatives (New York, Praeger, 1984); G. M. Luebbert, Comparative Democracy (New York, Columbia University Press, 1986); J. G. Marsh and J. P. Olsen, Rediscovering Institutions (New York, Free, 1989); J. Richardson (ed.), Policy Styles in Western Europe (London, Allen and Unwin, 1982); M. S. Shugart and J. M. Carey, Presidents and Assemblies (New York, Cambridge University Press, 1992); I. Wallterstein. The Capitalist World Economy (Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1979).
28. 2 The books referred to here are only those mentioned or alluded to, directly or indirectly, in the text. They are in no way an exhaustive bibliography of comparative politics works, which would of course be massive, especially for NOW. No journal article is listed. The full references for the works mentioned in this article fall into these categories: Classics, pre 1945 W. Bagehot, The English Constitution (London, Fontana, 1963 edn); Lord Bryce, Modern Democracies (New York, Macmillan, 1891); J. Locke, Second Treatise on Civil Government (New York, Van Nostrand, 1947 edn); A. L. Lowell, Government and Parties in Continental Europe, Vol. 2, (Cambridge MA, Harvard University Press, 1896); R. Michels, Political Parties (New York, Free, 1949 edn); Montesquieu, The Spirit of Laws (New York, Hafner, 1949 edn); G. Mosca, The Ruling Class (New York, McGraw-Hill, 1939 edn); M. Ostrogorski, Democracy and the Organization of Political Parties (New York, Macmillan, 1902); J. J. Rousseau, The Social Contract (London, Dent. 1973 edn); A. de Tocqueville, Democracy in America (Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1947 edn). THEN, immediate post-war G. A. Almond and J. S. Coleman, The Politics of the Developing Areas (Princeton NJ, Princeton University Press, 1960); G. A. Almond and G. B. Powell, Comparative Politics (Boston MA, Little, Brown, 1966); G. A. Almond and S. Verba, The Civic Culture (Princeton NJ, Princeton University Press, 1963); J. M. Buchanan and G. Tullock, The Calculus of Consent (Ann Arbor MI, University of Michigan Press, 1962); K. W. Deutsch, Nationalism and Social Communication (Cambridge MA, MIT University Press, 1953); K. W. Deutsch, The Nerves of Government (New York, Free, 1963); A. Downs, An Economic Theory of Democracy (New York, Harper, 1957); M. Duverger, Political Parties (New York, Wiley, English edn, 1954); D. Easton, The Political System (New York, Knopf, 1953); H. W. Ehrman, Interest Groups in Four Continents (Pittsburgh PA, University of Pittsburgh Press, 1958); H. Finer, The Theory and Practice of Modern Government (London, Methuen, 1949): S. E. Finer, The Man on Horseback (London, Pall Mall, 1962); R. T. Holt and J. E. Turner (eds), The Methodology of Comparative Research (New York, Free, 1970); S. P. Huntington, The Soldier and the State (New York, Free, 1957); M. Janowitz, The Professional Soldier (New York, Free, 1960); S. M. Lipset, Political Man (London, Heinemann, 1960); R. C. Macridis, The Study of Comparative Government (New York, Doubleday, 1955); W. Riker, The Theory of Political Coalitions (New Haven, Yale University Press, 1962); H. A. Simon, Administrative Behaviour (New York, Free, 1957); N. Wiener, Cybernetics and Society (New York, Houghton Mifflin, 1954); K. C. Wheare, Federal Government (Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1946). and NOW, the most recent literature I. Budge and H. Keman, Parties and Democracy (Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1990); A. De Swaan, Coalition Theories and Cabinet Formations (Amsterdam, Elsevier, 1973); P. Evans, D. Rueschemeyer and T. Skocpol (eds). Bringing the State Back In (Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1985); C. Ham and M. Hill, The Policy Process in the Modern Capitalist State (Hemel Hempstead, Harvester Wheatsheaf, 1993); A. Lijphart, Democracies (New Haven, Yale University Press, 1984); A Lijphart, Choosing an Electoral System: Issues and Alternatives (New York, Praeger, 1984); G. M. Luebbert, Comparative Democracy (New York, Columbia University Press, 1986); J. G. Marsh and J. P. Olsen, Rediscovering Institutions (New York, Free, 1989); J. Richardson (ed.), Policy Styles in Western Europe (London, Allen and Unwin, 1982); M. S. Shugart and J. M. Carey, Presidents and Assemblies (New York, Cambridge University Press, 1992); I. Wallterstein. The Capitalist World Economy (Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1979).
29. 2 The books referred to here are only those mentioned or alluded to, directly or indirectly, in the text. They are in no way an exhaustive bibliography of comparative politics works, which would of course be massive, especially for NOW. No journal article is listed. The full references for the works mentioned in this article fall into these categories: Classics, pre 1945 W. Bagehot, The English Constitution (London, Fontana, 1963 edn); Lord Bryce, Modern Democracies (New York, Macmillan, 1891); J. Locke, Second Treatise on Civil Government (New York, Van Nostrand, 1947 edn); A. L. Lowell, Government and Parties in Continental Europe, Vol. 2, (Cambridge MA, Harvard University Press, 1896); R. Michels, Political Parties (New York, Free, 1949 edn); Montesquieu, The Spirit of Laws (New York, Hafner, 1949 edn); G. Mosca, The Ruling Class (New York, McGraw-Hill, 1939 edn); M. Ostrogorski, Democracy and the Organization of Political Parties (New York, Macmillan, 1902); J. J. Rousseau, The Social Contract (London, Dent. 1973 edn); A. de Tocqueville, Democracy in America (Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1947 edn). THEN, immediate post-war G. A. Almond and J. S. Coleman, The Politics of the Developing Areas (Princeton NJ, Princeton University Press, 1960); G. A. Almond and G. B. Powell, Comparative Politics (Boston MA, Little, Brown, 1966); G. A. Almond and S. Verba, The Civic Culture (Princeton NJ, Princeton University Press, 1963); J. M. Buchanan and G. Tullock, The Calculus of Consent (Ann Arbor MI, University of Michigan Press, 1962); K. W. Deutsch, Nationalism and Social Communication (Cambridge MA, MIT University Press, 1953); K. W. Deutsch, The Nerves of Government (New York, Free, 1963); A. Downs, An Economic Theory of Democracy (New York, Harper, 1957); M. Duverger, Political Parties (New York, Wiley, English edn, 1954); D. Easton, The Political System (New York, Knopf, 1953); H. W. Ehrman, Interest Groups in Four Continents (Pittsburgh PA, University of Pittsburgh Press, 1958); H. Finer, The Theory and Practice of Modern Government (London, Methuen, 1949): S. E. Finer, The Man on Horseback (London, Pall Mall, 1962); R. T. Holt and J. E. Turner (eds), The Methodology of Comparative Research (New York, Free, 1970); S. P. Huntington, The Soldier and the State (New York, Free, 1957); M. Janowitz, The Professional Soldier (New York, Free, 1960); S. M. Lipset, Political Man (London, Heinemann, 1960); R. C. Macridis, The Study of Comparative Government (New York, Doubleday, 1955); W. Riker, The Theory of Political Coalitions (New Haven, Yale University Press, 1962); H. A. Simon, Administrative Behaviour (New York, Free, 1957); N. Wiener, Cybernetics and Society (New York, Houghton Mifflin, 1954); K. C. Wheare, Federal Government (Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1946). and NOW, the most recent literature I. Budge and H. Keman, Parties and Democracy (Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1990); A. De Swaan, Coalition Theories and Cabinet Formations (Amsterdam, Elsevier, 1973); P. Evans, D. Rueschemeyer and T. Skocpol (eds). Bringing the State Back In (Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1985); C. Ham and M. Hill, The Policy Process in the Modern Capitalist State (Hemel Hempstead, Harvester Wheatsheaf, 1993); A. Lijphart, Democracies (New Haven, Yale University Press, 1984); A Lijphart, Choosing an Electoral System: Issues and Alternatives (New York, Praeger, 1984); G. M. Luebbert, Comparative Democracy (New York, Columbia University Press, 1986); J. G. Marsh and J. P. Olsen, Rediscovering Institutions (New York, Free, 1989); J. Richardson (ed.), Policy Styles in Western Europe (London, Allen and Unwin, 1982); M. S. Shugart and J. M. Carey, Presidents and Assemblies (New York, Cambridge University Press, 1992); I. Wallterstein. The Capitalist World Economy (Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1979).
30. 2 The books referred to here are only those mentioned or alluded to, directly or indirectly, in the text. They are in no way an exhaustive bibliography of comparative politics works, which would of course be massive, especially for NOW. No journal article is listed. The full references for the works mentioned in this article fall into these categories: Classics, pre 1945 W. Bagehot, The English Constitution (London, Fontana, 1963 edn); Lord Bryce, Modern Democracies (New York, Macmillan, 1891); J. Locke, Second Treatise on Civil Government (New York, Van Nostrand, 1947 edn); A. L. Lowell, Government and Parties in Continental Europe, Vol. 2, (Cambridge MA, Harvard University Press, 1896); R. Michels, Political Parties (New York, Free, 1949 edn); Montesquieu, The Spirit of Laws (New York, Hafner, 1949 edn); G. Mosca, The Ruling Class (New York, McGraw-Hill, 1939 edn); M. Ostrogorski, Democracy and the Organization of Political Parties (New York, Macmillan, 1902); J. J. Rousseau, The Social Contract (London, Dent. 1973 edn); A. de Tocqueville, Democracy in America (Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1947 edn). THEN, immediate post-war G. A. Almond and J. S. Coleman, The Politics of the Developing Areas (Princeton NJ, Princeton University Press, 1960); G. A. Almond and G. B. Powell, Comparative Politics (Boston MA, Little, Brown, 1966); G. A. Almond and S. Verba, The Civic Culture (Princeton NJ, Princeton University Press, 1963); J. M. Buchanan and G. Tullock, The Calculus of Consent (Ann Arbor MI, University of Michigan Press, 1962); K. W. Deutsch, Nationalism and Social Communication (Cambridge MA, MIT University Press, 1953); K. W. Deutsch, The Nerves of Government (New York, Free, 1963); A. Downs, An Economic Theory of Democracy (New York, Harper, 1957); M. Duverger, Political Parties (New York, Wiley, English edn, 1954); D. Easton, The Political System (New York, Knopf, 1953); H. W. Ehrman, Interest Groups in Four Continents (Pittsburgh PA, University of Pittsburgh Press, 1958); H. Finer, The Theory and Practice of Modern Government (London, Methuen, 1949): S. E. Finer, The Man on Horseback (London, Pall Mall, 1962); R. T. Holt and J. E. Turner (eds), The Methodology of Comparative Research (New York, Free, 1970); S. P. Huntington, The Soldier and the State (New York, Free, 1957); M. Janowitz, The Professional Soldier (New York, Free, 1960); S. M. Lipset, Political Man (London, Heinemann, 1960); R. C. Macridis, The Study of Comparative Government (New York, Doubleday, 1955); W. Riker, The Theory of Political Coalitions (New Haven, Yale University Press, 1962); H. A. Simon, Administrative Behaviour (New York, Free, 1957); N. Wiener, Cybernetics and Society (New York, Houghton Mifflin, 1954); K. C. Wheare, Federal Government (Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1946). and NOW, the most recent literature I. Budge and H. Keman, Parties and Democracy (Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1990); A. De Swaan, Coalition Theories and Cabinet Formations (Amsterdam, Elsevier, 1973); P. Evans, D. Rueschemeyer and T. Skocpol (eds). Bringing the State Back In (Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1985); C. Ham and M. Hill, The Policy Process in the Modern Capitalist State (Hemel Hempstead, Harvester Wheatsheaf, 1993); A. Lijphart, Democracies (New Haven, Yale University Press, 1984); A Lijphart, Choosing an Electoral System: Issues and Alternatives (New York, Praeger, 1984); G. M. Luebbert, Comparative Democracy (New York, Columbia University Press, 1986); J. G. Marsh and J. P. Olsen, Rediscovering Institutions (New York, Free, 1989); J. Richardson (ed.), Policy Styles in Western Europe (London, Allen and Unwin, 1982); M. S. Shugart and J. M. Carey, Presidents and Assemblies (New York, Cambridge University Press, 1992); I. Wallterstein. The Capitalist World Economy (Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1979).
31. 2 The books referred to here are only those mentioned or alluded to, directly or indirectly, in the text. They are in no way an exhaustive bibliography of comparative politics works, which would of course be massive, especially for NOW. No journal article is listed. The full references for the works mentioned in this article fall into these categories: Classics, pre 1945 W. Bagehot, The English Constitution (London, Fontana, 1963 edn); Lord Bryce, Modern Democracies (New York, Macmillan, 1891); J. Locke, Second Treatise on Civil Government (New York, Van Nostrand, 1947 edn); A. L. Lowell, Government and Parties in Continental Europe, Vol. 2, (Cambridge MA, Harvard University Press, 1896); R. Michels, Political Parties (New York, Free, 1949 edn); Montesquieu, The Spirit of Laws (New York, Hafner, 1949 edn); G. Mosca, The Ruling Class (New York, McGraw-Hill, 1939 edn); M. Ostrogorski, Democracy and the Organization of Political Parties (New York, Macmillan, 1902); J. J. Rousseau, The Social Contract (London, Dent. 1973 edn); A. de Tocqueville, Democracy in America (Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1947 edn). THEN, immediate post-war G. A. Almond and J. S. Coleman, The Politics of the Developing Areas (Princeton NJ, Princeton University Press, 1960); G. A. Almond and G. B. Powell, Comparative Politics (Boston MA, Little, Brown, 1966); G. A. Almond and S. Verba, The Civic Culture (Princeton NJ, Princeton University Press, 1963); J. M. Buchanan and G. Tullock, The Calculus of Consent (Ann Arbor MI, University of Michigan Press, 1962); K. W. Deutsch, Nationalism and Social Communication (Cambridge MA, MIT University Press, 1953); K. W. Deutsch, The Nerves of Government (New York, Free, 1963); A. Downs, An Economic Theory of Democracy (New York, Harper, 1957); M. Duverger, Political Parties (New York, Wiley, English edn, 1954); D. Easton, The Political System (New York, Knopf, 1953); H. W. Ehrman, Interest Groups in Four Continents (Pittsburgh PA, University of Pittsburgh Press, 1958); H. Finer, The Theory and Practice of Modern Government (London, Methuen, 1949): S. E. Finer, The Man on Horseback (London, Pall Mall, 1962); R. T. Holt and J. E. Turner (eds), The Methodology of Comparative Research (New York, Free, 1970); S. P. Huntington, The Soldier and the State (New York, Free, 1957); M. Janowitz, The Professional Soldier (New York, Free, 1960); S. M. Lipset, Political Man (London, Heinemann, 1960); R. C. Macridis, The Study of Comparative Government (New York, Doubleday, 1955); W. Riker, The Theory of Political Coalitions (New Haven, Yale University Press, 1962); H. A. Simon, Administrative Behaviour (New York, Free, 1957); N. Wiener, Cybernetics and Society (New York, Houghton Mifflin, 1954); K. C. Wheare, Federal Government (Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1946). and NOW, the most recent literature I. Budge and H. Keman, Parties and Democracy (Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1990); A. De Swaan, Coalition Theories and Cabinet Formations (Amsterdam, Elsevier, 1973); P. Evans, D. Rueschemeyer and T. Skocpol (eds). Bringing the State Back In (Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1985); C. Ham and M. Hill, The Policy Process in the Modern Capitalist State (Hemel Hempstead, Harvester Wheatsheaf, 1993); A. Lijphart, Democracies (New Haven, Yale University Press, 1984); A Lijphart, Choosing an Electoral System: Issues and Alternatives (New York, Praeger, 1984); G. M. Luebbert, Comparative Democracy (New York, Columbia University Press, 1986); J. G. Marsh and J. P. Olsen, Rediscovering Institutions (New York, Free, 1989); J. Richardson (ed.), Policy Styles in Western Europe (London, Allen and Unwin, 1982); M. S. Shugart and J. M. Carey, Presidents and Assemblies (New York, Cambridge University Press, 1992); I. Wallterstein. The Capitalist World Economy (Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1979).
32. 2 The books referred to here are only those mentioned or alluded to, directly or indirectly, in the text. They are in no way an exhaustive bibliography of comparative politics works, which would of course be massive, especially for NOW. No journal article is listed. The full references for the works mentioned in this article fall into these categories: Classics, pre 1945 W. Bagehot, The English Constitution (London, Fontana, 1963 edn); Lord Bryce, Modern Democracies (New York, Macmillan, 1891); J. Locke, Second Treatise on Civil Government (New York, Van Nostrand, 1947 edn); A. L. Lowell, Government and Parties in Continental Europe, Vol. 2, (Cambridge MA, Harvard University Press, 1896); R. Michels, Political Parties (New York, Free, 1949 edn); Montesquieu, The Spirit of Laws (New York, Hafner, 1949 edn); G. Mosca, The Ruling Class (New York, McGraw-Hill, 1939 edn); M. Ostrogorski, Democracy and the Organization of Political Parties (New York, Macmillan, 1902); J. J. Rousseau, The Social Contract (London, Dent. 1973 edn); A. de Tocqueville, Democracy in America (Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1947 edn). THEN, immediate post-war G. A. Almond and J. S. Coleman, The Politics of the Developing Areas (Princeton NJ, Princeton University Press, 1960); G. A. Almond and G. B. Powell, Comparative Politics (Boston MA, Little, Brown, 1966); G. A. Almond and S. Verba, The Civic Culture (Princeton NJ, Princeton University Press, 1963); J. M. Buchanan and G. Tullock, The Calculus of Consent (Ann Arbor MI, University of Michigan Press, 1962); K. W. Deutsch, Nationalism and Social Communication (Cambridge MA, MIT University Press, 1953); K. W. Deutsch, The Nerves of Government (New York, Free, 1963); A. Downs, An Economic Theory of Democracy (New York, Harper, 1957); M. Duverger, Political Parties (New York, Wiley, English edn, 1954); D. Easton, The Political System (New York, Knopf, 1953); H. W. Ehrman, Interest Groups in Four Continents (Pittsburgh PA, University of Pittsburgh Press, 1958); H. Finer, The Theory and Practice of Modern Government (London, Methuen, 1949): S. E. Finer, The Man on Horseback (London, Pall Mall, 1962); R. T. Holt and J. E. Turner (eds), The Methodology of Comparative Research (New York, Free, 1970); S. P. Huntington, The Soldier and the State (New York, Free, 1957); M. Janowitz, The Professional Soldier (New York, Free, 1960); S. M. Lipset, Political Man (London, Heinemann, 1960); R. C. Macridis, The Study of Comparative Government (New York, Doubleday, 1955); W. Riker, The Theory of Political Coalitions (New Haven, Yale University Press, 1962); H. A. Simon, Administrative Behaviour (New York, Free, 1957); N. Wiener, Cybernetics and Society (New York, Houghton Mifflin, 1954); K. C. Wheare, Federal Government (Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1946). and NOW, the most recent literature I. Budge and H. Keman, Parties and Democracy (Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1990); A. De Swaan, Coalition Theories and Cabinet Formations (Amsterdam, Elsevier, 1973); P. Evans, D. Rueschemeyer and T. Skocpol (eds). Bringing the State Back In (Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1985); C. Ham and M. Hill, The Policy Process in the Modern Capitalist State (Hemel Hempstead, Harvester Wheatsheaf, 1993); A. Lijphart, Democracies (New Haven, Yale University Press, 1984); A Lijphart, Choosing an Electoral System: Issues and Alternatives (New York, Praeger, 1984); G. M. Luebbert, Comparative Democracy (New York, Columbia University Press, 1986); J. G. Marsh and J. P. Olsen, Rediscovering Institutions (New York, Free, 1989); J. Richardson (ed.), Policy Styles in Western Europe (London, Allen and Unwin, 1982); M. S. Shugart and J. M. Carey, Presidents and Assemblies (New York, Cambridge University Press, 1992); I. Wallterstein. The Capitalist World Economy (Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1979).
33. 2 The books referred to here are only those mentioned or alluded to, directly or indirectly, in the text. They are in no way an exhaustive bibliography of comparative politics works, which would of course be massive, especially for NOW. No journal article is listed. The full references for the works mentioned in this article fall into these categories: Classics, pre 1945 W. Bagehot, The English Constitution (London, Fontana, 1963 edn); Lord Bryce, Modern Democracies (New York, Macmillan, 1891); J. Locke, Second Treatise on Civil Government (New York, Van Nostrand, 1947 edn); A. L. Lowell, Government and Parties in Continental Europe, Vol. 2, (Cambridge MA, Harvard University Press, 1896); R. Michels, Political Parties (New York, Free, 1949 edn); Montesquieu, The Spirit of Laws (New York, Hafner, 1949 edn); G. Mosca, The Ruling Class (New York, McGraw-Hill, 1939 edn); M. Ostrogorski, Democracy and the Organization of Political Parties (New York, Macmillan, 1902); J. J. Rousseau, The Social Contract (London, Dent. 1973 edn); A. de Tocqueville, Democracy in America (Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1947 edn). THEN, immediate post-war G. A. Almond and J. S. Coleman, The Politics of the Developing Areas (Princeton NJ, Princeton University Press, 1960); G. A. Almond and G. B. Powell, Comparative Politics (Boston MA, Little, Brown, 1966); G. A. Almond and S. Verba, The Civic Culture (Princeton NJ, Princeton University Press, 1963); J. M. Buchanan and G. Tullock, The Calculus of Consent (Ann Arbor MI, University of Michigan Press, 1962); K. W. Deutsch, Nationalism and Social Communication (Cambridge MA, MIT University Press, 1953); K. W. Deutsch, The Nerves of Government (New York, Free, 1963); A. Downs, An Economic Theory of Democracy (New York, Harper, 1957); M. Duverger, Political Parties (New York, Wiley, English edn, 1954); D. Easton, The Political System (New York, Knopf, 1953); H. W. Ehrman, Interest Groups in Four Continents (Pittsburgh PA, University of Pittsburgh Press, 1958); H. Finer, The Theory and Practice of Modern Government (London, Methuen, 1949): S. E. Finer, The Man on Horseback (London, Pall Mall, 1962); R. T. Holt and J. E. Turner (eds), The Methodology of Comparative Research (New York, Free, 1970); S. P. Huntington, The Soldier and the State (New York, Free, 1957); M. Janowitz, The Professional Soldier (New York, Free, 1960); S. M. Lipset, Political Man (London, Heinemann, 1960); R. C. Macridis, The Study of Comparative Government (New York, Doubleday, 1955); W. Riker, The Theory of Political Coalitions (New Haven, Yale University Press, 1962); H. A. Simon, Administrative Behaviour (New York, Free, 1957); N. Wiener, Cybernetics and Society (New York, Houghton Mifflin, 1954); K. C. Wheare, Federal Government (Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1946). and NOW, the most recent literature I. Budge and H. Keman, Parties and Democracy (Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1990); A. De Swaan, Coalition Theories and Cabinet Formations (Amsterdam, Elsevier, 1973); P. Evans, D. Rueschemeyer and T. Skocpol (eds). Bringing the State Back In (Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1985); C. Ham and M. Hill, The Policy Process in the Modern Capitalist State (Hemel Hempstead, Harvester Wheatsheaf, 1993); A. Lijphart, Democracies (New Haven, Yale University Press, 1984); A Lijphart, Choosing an Electoral System: Issues and Alternatives (New York, Praeger, 1984); G. M. Luebbert, Comparative Democracy (New York, Columbia University Press, 1986); J. G. Marsh and J. P. Olsen, Rediscovering Institutions (New York, Free, 1989); J. Richardson (ed.), Policy Styles in Western Europe (London, Allen and Unwin, 1982); M. S. Shugart and J. M. Carey, Presidents and Assemblies (New York, Cambridge University Press, 1992); I. Wallterstein. The Capitalist World Economy (Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1979).
34. 2 The books referred to here are only those mentioned or alluded to, directly or indirectly, in the text. They are in no way an exhaustive bibliography of comparative politics works, which would of course be massive, especially for NOW. No journal article is listed. The full references for the works mentioned in this article fall into these categories: Classics, pre 1945 W. Bagehot, The English Constitution (London, Fontana, 1963 edn); Lord Bryce, Modern Democracies (New York, Macmillan, 1891); J. Locke, Second Treatise on Civil Government (New York, Van Nostrand, 1947 edn); A. L. Lowell, Government and Parties in Continental Europe, Vol. 2, (Cambridge MA, Harvard University Press, 1896); R. Michels, Political Parties (New York, Free, 1949 edn); Montesquieu, The Spirit of Laws (New York, Hafner, 1949 edn); G. Mosca, The Ruling Class (New York, McGraw-Hill, 1939 edn); M. Ostrogorski, Democracy and the Organization of Political Parties (New York, Macmillan, 1902); J. J. Rousseau, The Social Contract (London, Dent. 1973 edn); A. de Tocqueville, Democracy in America (Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1947 edn). THEN, immediate post-war G. A. Almond and J. S. Coleman, The Politics of the Developing Areas (Princeton NJ, Princeton University Press, 1960); G. A. Almond and G. B. Powell, Comparative Politics (Boston MA, Little, Brown, 1966); G. A. Almond and S. Verba, The Civic Culture (Princeton NJ, Princeton University Press, 1963); J. M. Buchanan and G. Tullock, The Calculus of Consent (Ann Arbor MI, University of Michigan Press, 1962); K. W. Deutsch, Nationalism and Social Communication (Cambridge MA, MIT University Press, 1953); K. W. Deutsch, The Nerves of Government (New York, Free, 1963); A. Downs, An Economic Theory of Democracy (New York, Harper, 1957); M. Duverger, Political Parties (New York, Wiley, English edn, 1954); D. Easton, The Political System (New York, Knopf, 1953); H. W. Ehrman, Interest Groups in Four Continents (Pittsburgh PA, University of Pittsburgh Press, 1958); H. Finer, The Theory and Practice of Modern Government (London, Methuen, 1949): S. E. Finer, The Man on Horseback (London, Pall Mall, 1962); R. T. Holt and J. E. Turner (eds), The Methodology of Comparative Research (New York, Free, 1970); S. P. Huntington, The Soldier and the State (New York, Free, 1957); M. Janowitz, The Professional Soldier (New York, Free, 1960); S. M. Lipset, Political Man (London, Heinemann, 1960); R. C. Macridis, The Study of Comparative Government (New York, Doubleday, 1955); W. Riker, The Theory of Political Coalitions (New Haven, Yale University Press, 1962); H. A. Simon, Administrative Behaviour (New York, Free, 1957); N. Wiener, Cybernetics and Society (New York, Houghton Mifflin, 1954); K. C. Wheare, Federal Government (Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1946). and NOW, the most recent literature I. Budge and H. Keman, Parties and Democracy (Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1990); A. De Swaan, Coalition Theories and Cabinet Formations (Amsterdam, Elsevier, 1973); P. Evans, D. Rueschemeyer and T. Skocpol (eds). Bringing the State Back In (Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1985); C. Ham and M. Hill, The Policy Process in the Modern Capitalist State (Hemel Hempstead, Harvester Wheatsheaf, 1993); A. Lijphart, Democracies (New Haven, Yale University Press, 1984); A Lijphart, Choosing an Electoral System: Issues and Alternatives (New York, Praeger, 1984); G. M. Luebbert, Comparative Democracy (New York, Columbia University Press, 1986); J. G. Marsh and J. P. Olsen, Rediscovering Institutions (New York, Free, 1989); J. Richardson (ed.), Policy Styles in Western Europe (London, Allen and Unwin, 1982); M. S. Shugart and J. M. Carey, Presidents and Assemblies (New York, Cambridge University Press, 1992); I. Wallterstein. The Capitalist World Economy (Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1979).
35. 2 The books referred to here are only those mentioned or alluded to, directly or indirectly, in the text. They are in no way an exhaustive bibliography of comparative politics works, which would of course be massive, especially for NOW. No journal article is listed. The full references for the works mentioned in this article fall into these categories: Classics, pre 1945 W. Bagehot, The English Constitution (London, Fontana, 1963 edn); Lord Bryce, Modern Democracies (New York, Macmillan, 1891); J. Locke, Second Treatise on Civil Government (New York, Van Nostrand, 1947 edn); A. L. Lowell, Government and Parties in Continental Europe, Vol. 2, (Cambridge MA, Harvard University Press, 1896); R. Michels, Political Parties (New York, Free, 1949 edn); Montesquieu, The Spirit of Laws (New York, Hafner, 1949 edn); G. Mosca, The Ruling Class (New York, McGraw-Hill, 1939 edn); M. Ostrogorski, Democracy and the Organization of Political Parties (New York, Macmillan, 1902); J. J. Rousseau, The Social Contract (London, Dent. 1973 edn); A. de Tocqueville, Democracy in America (Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1947 edn). THEN, immediate post-war G. A. Almond and J. S. Coleman, The Politics of the Developing Areas (Princeton NJ, Princeton University Press, 1960); G. A. Almond and G. B. Powell, Comparative Politics (Boston MA, Little, Brown, 1966); G. A. Almond and S. Verba, The Civic Culture (Princeton NJ, Princeton University Press, 1963); J. M. Buchanan and G. Tullock, The Calculus of Consent (Ann Arbor MI, University of Michigan Press, 1962); K. W. Deutsch, Nationalism and Social Communication (Cambridge MA, MIT University Press, 1953); K. W. Deutsch, The Nerves of Government (New York, Free, 1963); A. Downs, An Economic Theory of Democracy (New York, Harper, 1957); M. Duverger, Political Parties (New York, Wiley, English edn, 1954); D. Easton, The Political System (New York, Knopf, 1953); H. W. Ehrman, Interest Groups in Four Continents (Pittsburgh PA, University of Pittsburgh Press, 1958); H. Finer, The Theory and Practice of Modern Government (London, Methuen, 1949): S. E. Finer, The Man on Horseback (London, Pall Mall, 1962); R. T. Holt and J. E. Turner (eds), The Methodology of Comparative Research (New York, Free, 1970); S. P. Huntington, The Soldier and the State (New York, Free, 1957); M. Janowitz, The Professional Soldier (New York, Free, 1960); S. M. Lipset, Political Man (London, Heinemann, 1960); R. C. Macridis, The Study of Comparative Government (New York, Doubleday, 1955); W. Riker, The Theory of Political Coalitions (New Haven, Yale University Press, 1962); H. A. Simon, Administrative Behaviour (New York, Free, 1957); N. Wiener, Cybernetics and Society (New York, Houghton Mifflin, 1954); K. C. Wheare, Federal Government (Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1946). and NOW, the most recent literature I. Budge and H. Keman, Parties and Democracy (Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1990); A. De Swaan, Coalition Theories and Cabinet Formations (Amsterdam, Elsevier, 1973); P. Evans, D. Rueschemeyer and T. Skocpol (eds). Bringing the State Back In (Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1985); C. Ham and M. Hill, The Policy Process in the Modern Capitalist State (Hemel Hempstead, Harvester Wheatsheaf, 1993); A. Lijphart, Democracies (New Haven, Yale University Press, 1984); A Lijphart, Choosing an Electoral System: Issues and Alternatives (New York, Praeger, 1984); G. M. Luebbert, Comparative Democracy (New York, Columbia University Press, 1986); J. G. Marsh and J. P. Olsen, Rediscovering Institutions (New York, Free, 1989); J. Richardson (ed.), Policy Styles in Western Europe (London, Allen and Unwin, 1982); M. S. Shugart and J. M. Carey, Presidents and Assemblies (New York, Cambridge University Press, 1992); I. Wallterstein. The Capitalist World Economy (Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1979).
36. 2 The books referred to here are only those mentioned or alluded to, directly or indirectly, in the text. They are in no way an exhaustive bibliography of comparative politics works, which would of course be massive, especially for NOW. No journal article is listed. The full references for the works mentioned in this article fall into these categories: Classics, pre 1945 W. Bagehot, The English Constitution (London, Fontana, 1963 edn); Lord Bryce, Modern Democracies (New York, Macmillan, 1891); J. Locke, Second Treatise on Civil Government (New York, Van Nostrand, 1947 edn); A. L. Lowell, Government and Parties in Continental Europe, Vol. 2, (Cambridge MA, Harvard University Press, 1896); R. Michels, Political Parties (New York, Free, 1949 edn); Montesquieu, The Spirit of Laws (New York, Hafner, 1949 edn); G. Mosca, The Ruling Class (New York, McGraw-Hill, 1939 edn); M. Ostrogorski, Democracy and the Organization of Political Parties (New York, Macmillan, 1902); J. J. Rousseau, The Social Contract (London, Dent. 1973 edn); A. de Tocqueville, Democracy in America (Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1947 edn). THEN, immediate post-war G. A. Almond and J. S. Coleman, The Politics of the Developing Areas (Princeton NJ, Princeton University Press, 1960); G. A. Almond and G. B. Powell, Comparative Politics (Boston MA, Little, Brown, 1966); G. A. Almond and S. Verba, The Civic Culture (Princeton NJ, Princeton University Press, 1963); J. M. Buchanan and G. Tullock, The Calculus of Consent (Ann Arbor MI, University of Michigan Press, 1962); K. W. Deutsch, Nationalism and Social Communication (Cambridge MA, MIT University Press, 1953); K. W. Deutsch, The Nerves of Government (New York, Free, 1963); A. Downs, An Economic Theory of Democracy (New York, Harper, 1957); M. Duverger, Political Parties (New York, Wiley, English edn, 1954); D. Easton, The Political System (New York, Knopf, 1953); H. W. Ehrman, Interest Groups in Four Continents (Pittsburgh PA, University of Pittsburgh Press, 1958); H. Finer, The Theory and Practice of Modern Government (London, Methuen, 1949): S. E. Finer, The Man on Horseback (London, Pall Mall, 1962); R. T. Holt and J. E. Turner (eds), The Methodology of Comparative Research (New York, Free, 1970); S. P. Huntington, The Soldier and the State (New York, Free, 1957); M. Janowitz, The Professional Soldier (New York, Free, 1960); S. M. Lipset, Political Man (London, Heinemann, 1960); R. C. Macridis, The Study of Comparative Government (New York, Doubleday, 1955); W. Riker, The Theory of Political Coalitions (New Haven, Yale University Press, 1962); H. A. Simon, Administrative Behaviour (New York, Free, 1957); N. Wiener, Cybernetics and Society (New York, Houghton Mifflin, 1954); K. C. Wheare, Federal Government (Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1946). and NOW, the most recent literature I. Budge and H. Keman, Parties and Democracy (Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1990); A. De Swaan, Coalition Theories and Cabinet Formations (Amsterdam, Elsevier, 1973); P. Evans, D. Rueschemeyer and T. Skocpol (eds). Bringing the State Back In (Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1985); C. Ham and M. Hill, The Policy Process in the Modern Capitalist State (Hemel Hempstead, Harvester Wheatsheaf, 1993); A. Lijphart, Democracies (New Haven, Yale University Press, 1984); A Lijphart, Choosing an Electoral System: Issues and Alternatives (New York, Praeger, 1984); G. M. Luebbert, Comparative Democracy (New York, Columbia University Press, 1986); J. G. Marsh and J. P. Olsen, Rediscovering Institutions (New York, Free, 1989); J. Richardson (ed.), Policy Styles in Western Europe (London, Allen and Unwin, 1982); M. S. Shugart and J. M. Carey, Presidents and Assemblies (New York, Cambridge University Press, 1992); I. Wallterstein. The Capitalist World Economy (Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1979).
37. 2 The books referred to here are only those mentioned or alluded to, directly or indirectly, in the text. They are in no way an exhaustive bibliography of comparative politics works, which would of course be massive, especially for NOW. No journal article is listed. The full references for the works mentioned in this article fall into these categories: Classics, pre 1945 W. Bagehot, The English Constitution (London, Fontana, 1963 edn); Lord Bryce, Modern Democracies (New York, Macmillan, 1891); J. Locke, Second Treatise on Civil Government (New York, Van Nostrand, 1947 edn); A. L. Lowell, Government and Parties in Continental Europe, Vol. 2, (Cambridge MA, Harvard University Press, 1896); R. Michels, Political Parties (New York, Free, 1949 edn); Montesquieu, The Spirit of Laws (New York, Hafner, 1949 edn); G. Mosca, The Ruling Class (New York, McGraw-Hill, 1939 edn); M. Ostrogorski, Democracy and the Organization of Political Parties (New York, Macmillan, 1902); J. J. Rousseau, The Social Contract (London, Dent. 1973 edn); A. de Tocqueville, Democracy in America (Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1947 edn). THEN, immediate post-war G. A. Almond and J. S. Coleman, The Politics of the Developing Areas (Princeton NJ, Princeton University Press, 1960); G. A. Almond and G. B. Powell, Comparative Politics (Boston MA, Little, Brown, 1966); G. A. Almond and S. Verba, The Civic Culture (Princeton NJ, Princeton University Press, 1963); J. M. Buchanan and G. Tullock, The Calculus of Consent (Ann Arbor MI, University of Michigan Press, 1962); K. W. Deutsch, Nationalism and Social Communication (Cambridge MA, MIT University Press, 1953); K. W. Deutsch, The Nerves of Government (New York, Free, 1963); A. Downs, An Economic Theory of Democracy (New York, Harper, 1957); M. Duverger, Political Parties (New York, Wiley, English edn, 1954); D. Easton, The Political System (New York, Knopf, 1953); H. W. Ehrman, Interest Groups in Four Continents (Pittsburgh PA, University of Pittsburgh Press, 1958); H. Finer, The Theory and Practice of Modern Government (London, Methuen, 1949): S. E. Finer, The Man on Horseback (London, Pall Mall, 1962); R. T. Holt and J. E. Turner (eds), The Methodology of Comparative Research (New York, Free, 1970); S. P. Huntington, The Soldier and the State (New York, Free, 1957); M. Janowitz, The Professional Soldier (New York, Free, 1960); S. M. Lipset, Political Man (London, Heinemann, 1960); R. C. Macridis, The Study of Comparative Government (New York, Doubleday, 1955); W. Riker, The Theory of Political Coalitions (New Haven, Yale University Press, 1962); H. A. Simon, Administrative Behaviour (New York, Free, 1957); N. Wiener, Cybernetics and Society (New York, Houghton Mifflin, 1954); K. C. Wheare, Federal Government (Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1946). and NOW, the most recent literature I. Budge and H. Keman, Parties and Democracy (Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1990); A. De Swaan, Coalition Theories and Cabinet Formations (Amsterdam, Elsevier, 1973); P. Evans, D. Rueschemeyer and T. Skocpol (eds). Bringing the State Back In (Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1985); C. Ham and M. Hill, The Policy Process in the Modern Capitalist State (Hemel Hempstead, Harvester Wheatsheaf, 1993); A. Lijphart, Democracies (New Haven, Yale University Press, 1984); A Lijphart, Choosing an Electoral System: Issues and Alternatives (New York, Praeger, 1984); G. M. Luebbert, Comparative Democracy (New York, Columbia University Press, 1986); J. G. Marsh and J. P. Olsen, Rediscovering Institutions (New York, Free, 1989); J. Richardson (ed.), Policy Styles in Western Europe (London, Allen and Unwin, 1982); M. S. Shugart and J. M. Carey, Presidents and Assemblies (New York, Cambridge University Press, 1992); I. Wallterstein. The Capitalist World Economy (Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1979).
38. 2 The books referred to here are only those mentioned or alluded to, directly or indirectly, in the text. They are in no way an exhaustive bibliography of comparative politics works, which would of course be massive, especially for NOW. No journal article is listed. The full references for the works mentioned in this article fall into these categories: Classics, pre 1945 W. Bagehot, The English Constitution (London, Fontana, 1963 edn); Lord Bryce, Modern Democracies (New York, Macmillan, 1891); J. Locke, Second Treatise on Civil Government (New York, Van Nostrand, 1947 edn); A. L. Lowell, Government and Parties in Continental Europe, Vol. 2, (Cambridge MA, Harvard University Press, 1896); R. Michels, Political Parties (New York, Free, 1949 edn); Montesquieu, The Spirit of Laws (New York, Hafner, 1949 edn); G. Mosca, The Ruling Class (New York, McGraw-Hill, 1939 edn); M. Ostrogorski, Democracy and the Organization of Political Parties (New York, Macmillan, 1902); J. J. Rousseau, The Social Contract (London, Dent. 1973 edn); A. de Tocqueville, Democracy in America (Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1947 edn). THEN, immediate post-war G. A. Almond and J. S. Coleman, The Politics of the Developing Areas (Princeton NJ, Princeton University Press, 1960); G. A. Almond and G. B. Powell, Comparative Politics (Boston MA, Little, Brown, 1966); G. A. Almond and S. Verba, The Civic Culture (Princeton NJ, Princeton University Press, 1963); J. M. Buchanan and G. Tullock, The Calculus of Consent (Ann Arbor MI, University of Michigan Press, 1962); K. W. Deutsch, Nationalism and Social Communication (Cambridge MA, MIT University Press, 1953); K. W. Deutsch, The Nerves of Government (New York, Free, 1963); A. Downs, An Economic Theory of Democracy (New York, Harper, 1957); M. Duverger, Political Parties (New York, Wiley, English edn, 1954); D. Easton, The Political System (New York, Knopf, 1953); H. W. Ehrman, Interest Groups in Four Continents (Pittsburgh PA, University of Pittsburgh Press, 1958); H. Finer, The Theory and Practice of Modern Government (London, Methuen, 1949): S. E. Finer, The Man on Horseback (London, Pall Mall, 1962); R. T. Holt and J. E. Turner (eds), The Methodology of Comparative Research (New York, Free, 1970); S. P. Huntington, The Soldier and the State (New York, Free, 1957); M. Janowitz, The Professional Soldier (New York, Free, 1960); S. M. Lipset, Political Man (London, Heinemann, 1960); R. C. Macridis, The Study of Comparative Government (New York, Doubleday, 1955); W. Riker, The Theory of Political Coalitions (New Haven, Yale University Press, 1962); H. A. Simon, Administrative Behaviour (New York, Free, 1957); N. Wiener, Cybernetics and Society (New York, Houghton Mifflin, 1954); K. C. Wheare, Federal Government (Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1946). and NOW, the most recent literature I. Budge and H. Keman, Parties and Democracy (Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1990); A. De Swaan, Coalition Theories and Cabinet Formations (Amsterdam, Elsevier, 1973); P. Evans, D. Rueschemeyer and T. Skocpol (eds). Bringing the State Back In (Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1985); C. Ham and M. Hill, The Policy Process in the Modern Capitalist State (Hemel Hempstead, Harvester Wheatsheaf, 1993); A. Lijphart, Democracies (New Haven, Yale University Press, 1984); A Lijphart, Choosing an Electoral System: Issues and Alternatives (New York, Praeger, 1984); G. M. Luebbert, Comparative Democracy (New York, Columbia University Press, 1986); J. G. Marsh and J. P. Olsen, Rediscovering Institutions (New York, Free, 1989); J. Richardson (ed.), Policy Styles in Western Europe (London, Allen and Unwin, 1982); M. S. Shugart and J. M. Carey, Presidents and Assemblies (New York, Cambridge University Press, 1992); I. Wallterstein. The Capitalist World Economy (Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1979).
39. 2 The books referred to here are only those mentioned or alluded to, directly or indirectly, in the text. They are in no way an exhaustive bibliography of comparative politics works, which would of course be massive, especially for NOW. No journal article is listed. The full references for the works mentioned in this article fall into these categories: Classics, pre 1945 W. Bagehot, The English Constitution (London, Fontana, 1963 edn); Lord Bryce, Modern Democracies (New York, Macmillan, 1891); J. Locke, Second Treatise on Civil Government (New York, Van Nostrand, 1947 edn); A. L. Lowell, Government and Parties in Continental Europe, Vol. 2, (Cambridge MA, Harvard University Press, 1896); R. Michels, Political Parties (New York, Free, 1949 edn); Montesquieu, The Spirit of Laws (New York, Hafner, 1949 edn); G. Mosca, The Ruling Class (New York, McGraw-Hill, 1939 edn); M. Ostrogorski, Democracy and the Organization of Political Parties (New York, Macmillan, 1902); J. J. Rousseau, The Social Contract (London, Dent. 1973 edn); A. de Tocqueville, Democracy in America (Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1947 edn). THEN, immediate post-war G. A. Almond and J. S. Coleman, The Politics of the Developing Areas (Princeton NJ, Princeton University Press, 1960); G. A. Almond and G. B. Powell, Comparative Politics (Boston MA, Little, Brown, 1966); G. A. Almond and S. Verba, The Civic Culture (Princeton NJ, Princeton University Press, 1963); J. M. Buchanan and G. Tullock, The Calculus of Consent (Ann Arbor MI, University of Michigan Press, 1962); K. W. Deutsch, Nationalism and Social Communication (Cambridge MA, MIT University Press, 1953); K. W. Deutsch, The Nerves of Government (New York, Free, 1963); A. Downs, An Economic Theory of Democracy (New York, Harper, 1957); M. Duverger, Political Parties (New York, Wiley, English edn, 1954); D. Easton, The Political System (New York, Knopf, 1953); H. W. Ehrman, Interest Groups in Four Continents (Pittsburgh PA, University of Pittsburgh Press, 1958); H. Finer, The Theory and Practice of Modern Government (London, Methuen, 1949): S. E. Finer, The Man on Horseback (London, Pall Mall, 1962); R. T. Holt and J. E. Turner (eds), The Methodology of Comparative Research (New York, Free, 1970); S. P. Huntington, The Soldier and the State (New York, Free, 1957); M. Janowitz, The Professional Soldier (New York, Free, 1960); S. M. Lipset, Political Man (London, Heinemann, 1960); R. C. Macridis, The Study of Comparative Government (New York, Doubleday, 1955); W. Riker, The Theory of Political Coalitions (New Haven, Yale University Press, 1962); H. A. Simon, Administrative Behaviour (New York, Free, 1957); N. Wiener, Cybernetics and Society (New York, Houghton Mifflin, 1954); K. C. Wheare, Federal Government (Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1946). and NOW, the most recent literature I. Budge and H. Keman, Parties and Democracy (Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1990); A. De Swaan, Coalition Theories and Cabinet Formations (Amsterdam, Elsevier, 1973); P. Evans, D. Rueschemeyer and T. Skocpol (eds). Bringing the State Back In (Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1985); C. Ham and M. Hill, The Policy Process in the Modern Capitalist State (Hemel Hempstead, Harvester Wheatsheaf, 1993); A. Lijphart, Democracies (New Haven, Yale University Press, 1984); A Lijphart, Choosing an Electoral System: Issues and Alternatives (New York, Praeger, 1984); G. M. Luebbert, Comparative Democracy (New York, Columbia University Press, 1986); J. G. Marsh and J. P. Olsen, Rediscovering Institutions (New York, Free, 1989); J. Richardson (ed.), Policy Styles in Western Europe (London, Allen and Unwin, 1982); M. S. Shugart and J. M. Carey, Presidents and Assemblies (New York, Cambridge University Press, 1992); I. Wallterstein. The Capitalist World Economy (Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1979).
40. 2 The books referred to here are only those mentioned or alluded to, directly or indirectly, in the text. They are in no way an exhaustive bibliography of comparative politics works, which would of course be massive, especially for NOW. No journal article is listed. The full references for the works mentioned in this article fall into these categories: Classics, pre 1945 W. Bagehot, The English Constitution (London, Fontana, 1963 edn); Lord Bryce, Modern Democracies (New York, Macmillan, 1891); J. Locke, Second Treatise on Civil Government (New York, Van Nostrand, 1947 edn); A. L. Lowell, Government and Parties in Continental Europe, Vol. 2, (Cambridge MA, Harvard University Press, 1896); R. Michels, Political Parties (New York, Free, 1949 edn); Montesquieu, The Spirit of Laws (New York, Hafner, 1949 edn); G. Mosca, The Ruling Class (New York, McGraw-Hill, 1939 edn); M. Ostrogorski, Democracy and the Organization of Political Parties (New York, Macmillan, 1902); J. J. Rousseau, The Social Contract (London, Dent. 1973 edn); A. de Tocqueville, Democracy in America (Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1947 edn). THEN, immediate post-war G. A. Almond and J. S. Coleman, The Politics of the Developing Areas (Princeton NJ, Princeton University Press, 1960); G. A. Almond and G. B. Powell, Comparative Politics (Boston MA, Little, Brown, 1966); G. A. Almond and S. Verba, The Civic Culture (Princeton NJ, Princeton University Press, 1963); J. M. Buchanan and G. Tullock, The Calculus of Consent (Ann Arbor MI, University of Michigan Press, 1962); K. W. Deutsch, Nationalism and Social Communication (Cambridge MA, MIT University Press, 1953); K. W. Deutsch, The Nerves of Government (New York, Free, 1963); A. Downs, An Economic Theory of Democracy (New York, Harper, 1957); M. Duverger, Political Parties (New York, Wiley, English edn, 1954); D. Easton, The Political System (New York, Knopf, 1953); H. W. Ehrman, Interest Groups in Four Continents (Pittsburgh PA, University of Pittsburgh Press, 1958); H. Finer, The Theory and Practice of Modern Government (London, Methuen, 1949): S. E. Finer, The Man on Horseback (London, Pall Mall, 1962); R. T. Holt and J. E. Turner (eds), The Methodology of Comparative Research (New York, Free, 1970); S. P. Huntington, The Soldier and the State (New York, Free, 1957); M. Janowitz, The Professional Soldier (New York, Free, 1960); S. M. Lipset, Political Man (London, Heinemann, 1960); R. C. Macridis, The Study of Comparative Government (New York, Doubleday, 1955); W. Riker, The Theory of Political Coalitions (New Haven, Yale University Press, 1962); H. A. Simon, Administrative Behaviour (New York, Free, 1957); N. Wiener, Cybernetics and Society (New York, Houghton Mifflin, 1954); K. C. Wheare, Federal Government (Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1946). and NOW, the most recent literature I. Budge and H. Keman, Parties and Democracy (Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1990); A. De Swaan, Coalition Theories and Cabinet Formations (Amsterdam, Elsevier, 1973); P. Evans, D. Rueschemeyer and T. Skocpol (eds). Bringing the State Back In (Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1985); C. Ham and M. Hill, The Policy Process in the Modern Capitalist State (Hemel Hempstead, Harvester Wheatsheaf, 1993); A. Lijphart, Democracies (New Haven, Yale University Press, 1984); A Lijphart, Choosing an Electoral System: Issues and Alternatives (New York, Praeger, 1984); G. M. Luebbert, Comparative Democracy (New York, Columbia University Press, 1986); J. G. Marsh and J. P. Olsen, Rediscovering Institutions (New York, Free, 1989); J. Richardson (ed.), Policy Styles in Western Europe (London, Allen and Unwin, 1982); M. S. Shugart and J. M. Carey, Presidents and Assemblies (New York, Cambridge University Press, 1992); I. Wallterstein. The Capitalist World Economy (Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1979).
41. 2 The books referred to here are only those mentioned or alluded to, directly or indirectly, in the text. They are in no way an exhaustive bibliography of comparative politics works, which would of course be massive, especially for NOW. No journal article is listed. The full references for the works mentioned in this article fall into these categories: Classics, pre 1945 W. Bagehot, The English Constitution (London, Fontana, 1963 edn); Lord Bryce, Modern Democracies (New York, Macmillan, 1891); J. Locke, Second Treatise on Civil Government (New York, Van Nostrand, 1947 edn); A. L. Lowell, Government and Parties in Continental Europe, Vol. 2, (Cambridge MA, Harvard University Press, 1896); R. Michels, Political Parties (New York, Free, 1949 edn); Montesquieu, The Spirit of Laws (New York, Hafner, 1949 edn); G. Mosca, The Ruling Class (New York, McGraw-Hill, 1939 edn); M. Ostrogorski, Democracy and the Organization of Political Parties (New York, Macmillan, 1902); J. J. Rousseau, The Social Contract (London, Dent. 1973 edn); A. de Tocqueville, Democracy in America (Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1947 edn). THEN, immediate post-war G. A. Almond and J. S. Coleman, The Politics of the Developing Areas (Princeton NJ, Princeton University Press, 1960); G. A. Almond and G. B. Powell, Comparative Politics (Boston MA, Little, Brown, 1966); G. A. Almond and S. Verba, The Civic Culture (Princeton NJ, Princeton University Press, 1963); J. M. Buchanan and G. Tullock, The Calculus of Consent (Ann Arbor MI, University of Michigan Press, 1962); K. W. Deutsch, Nationalism and Social Communication (Cambridge MA, MIT University Press, 1953); K. W. Deutsch, The Nerves of Government (New York, Free, 1963); A. Downs, An Economic Theory of Democracy (New York, Harper, 1957); M. Duverger, Political Parties (New York, Wiley, English edn, 1954); D. Easton, The Political System (New York, Knopf, 1953); H. W. Ehrman, Interest Groups in Four Continents (Pittsburgh PA, University of Pittsburgh Press, 1958); H. Finer, The Theory and Practice of Modern Government (London, Methuen, 1949): S. E. Finer, The Man on Horseback (London, Pall Mall, 1962); R. T. Holt and J. E. Turner (eds), The Methodology of Comparative Research (New York, Free, 1970); S. P. Huntington, The Soldier and the State (New York, Free, 1957); M. Janowitz, The Professional Soldier (New York, Free, 1960); S. M. Lipset, Political Man (London, Heinemann, 1960); R. C. Macridis, The Study of Comparative Government (New York, Doubleday, 1955); W. Riker, The Theory of Political Coalitions (New Haven, Yale University Press, 1962); H. A. Simon, Administrative Behaviour (New York, Free, 1957); N. Wiener, Cybernetics and Society (New York, Houghton Mifflin, 1954); K. C. Wheare, Federal Government (Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1946). and NOW, the most recent literature I. Budge and H. Keman, Parties and Democracy (Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1990); A. De Swaan, Coalition Theories and Cabinet Formations (Amsterdam, Elsevier, 1973); P. Evans, D. Rueschemeyer and T. Skocpol (eds). Bringing the State Back In (Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1985); C. Ham and M. Hill, The Policy Process in the Modern Capitalist State (Hemel Hempstead, Harvester Wheatsheaf, 1993); A. Lijphart, Democracies (New Haven, Yale University Press, 1984); A Lijphart, Choosing an Electoral System: Issues and Alternatives (New York, Praeger, 1984); G. M. Luebbert, Comparative Democracy (New York, Columbia University Press, 1986); J. G. Marsh and J. P. Olsen, Rediscovering Institutions (New York, Free, 1989); J. Richardson (ed.), Policy Styles in Western Europe (London, Allen and Unwin, 1982); M. S. Shugart and J. M. Carey, Presidents and Assemblies (New York, Cambridge University Press, 1992); I. Wallterstein. The Capitalist World Economy (Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1979).
42. 2 The books referred to here are only those mentioned or alluded to, directly or indirectly, in the text. They are in no way an exhaustive bibliography of comparative politics works, which would of course be massive, especially for NOW. No journal article is listed. The full references for the works mentioned in this article fall into these categories: Classics, pre 1945 W. Bagehot, The English Constitution (London, Fontana, 1963 edn); Lord Bryce, Modern Democracies (New York, Macmillan, 1891); J. Locke, Second Treatise on Civil Government (New York, Van Nostrand, 1947 edn); A. L. Lowell, Government and Parties in Continental Europe, Vol. 2, (Cambridge MA, Harvard University Press, 1896); R. Michels, Political Parties (New York, Free, 1949 edn); Montesquieu, The Spirit of Laws (New York, Hafner, 1949 edn); G. Mosca, The Ruling Class (New York, McGraw-Hill, 1939 edn); M. Ostrogorski, Democracy and the Organization of Political Parties (New York, Macmillan, 1902); J. J. Rousseau, The Social Contract (London, Dent. 1973 edn); A. de Tocqueville, Democracy in America (Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1947 edn). THEN, immediate post-war G. A. Almond and J. S. Coleman, The Politics of the Developing Areas (Princeton NJ, Princeton University Press, 1960); G. A. Almond and G. B. Powell, Comparative Politics (Boston MA, Little, Brown, 1966); G. A. Almond and S. Verba, The Civic Culture (Princeton NJ, Princeton University Press, 1963); J. M. Buchanan and G. Tullock, The Calculus of Consent (Ann Arbor MI, University of Michigan Press, 1962); K. W. Deutsch, Nationalism and Social Communication (Cambridge MA, MIT University Press, 1953); K. W. Deutsch, The Nerves of Government (New York, Free, 1963); A. Downs, An Economic Theory of Democracy (New York, Harper, 1957); M. Duverger, Political Parties (New York, Wiley, English edn, 1954); D. Easton, The Political System (New York, Knopf, 1953); H. W. Ehrman, Interest Groups in Four Continents (Pittsburgh PA, University of Pittsburgh Press, 1958); H. Finer, The Theory and Practice of Modern Government (London, Methuen, 1949): S. E. Finer, The Man on Horseback (London, Pall Mall, 1962); R. T. Holt and J. E. Turner (eds), The Methodology of Comparative Research (New York, Free, 1970); S. P. Huntington, The Soldier and the State (New York, Free, 1957); M. Janowitz, The Professional Soldier (New York, Free, 1960); S. M. Lipset, Political Man (London, Heinemann, 1960); R. C. Macridis, The Study of Comparative Government (New York, Doubleday, 1955); W. Riker, The Theory of Political Coalitions (New Haven, Yale University Press, 1962); H. A. Simon, Administrative Behaviour (New York, Free, 1957); N. Wiener, Cybernetics and Society (New York, Houghton Mifflin, 1954); K. C. Wheare, Federal Government (Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1946). and NOW, the most recent literature I. Budge and H. Keman, Parties and Democracy (Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1990); A. De Swaan, Coalition Theories and Cabinet Formations (Amsterdam, Elsevier, 1973); P. Evans, D. Rueschemeyer and T. Skocpol (eds). Bringing the State Back In (Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1985); C. Ham and M. Hill, The Policy Process in the Modern Capitalist State (Hemel Hempstead, Harvester Wheatsheaf, 1993); A. Lijphart, Democracies (New Haven, Yale University Press, 1984); A Lijphart, Choosing an Electoral System: Issues and Alternatives (New York, Praeger, 1984); G. M. Luebbert, Comparative Democracy (New York, Columbia University Press, 1986); J. G. Marsh and J. P. Olsen, Rediscovering Institutions (New York, Free, 1989); J. Richardson (ed.), Policy Styles in Western Europe (London, Allen and Unwin, 1982); M. S. Shugart and J. M. Carey, Presidents and Assemblies (New York, Cambridge University Press, 1992); I. Wallterstein. The Capitalist World Economy (Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1979).
43. 2 The books referred to here are only those mentioned or alluded to, directly or indirectly, in the text. They are in no way an exhaustive bibliography of comparative politics works, which would of course be massive, especially for NOW. No journal article is listed. The full references for the works mentioned in this article fall into these categories: Classics, pre 1945 W. Bagehot, The English Constitution (London, Fontana, 1963 edn); Lord Bryce, Modern Democracies (New York, Macmillan, 1891); J. Locke, Second Treatise on Civil Government (New York, Van Nostrand, 1947 edn); A. L. Lowell, Government and Parties in Continental Europe, Vol. 2, (Cambridge MA, Harvard University Press, 1896); R. Michels, Political Parties (New York, Free, 1949 edn); Montesquieu, The Spirit of Laws (New York, Hafner, 1949 edn); G. Mosca, The Ruling Class (New York, McGraw-Hill, 1939 edn); M. Ostrogorski, Democracy and the Organization of Political Parties (New York, Macmillan, 1902); J. J. Rousseau, The Social Contract (London, Dent. 1973 edn); A. de Tocqueville, Democracy in America (Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1947 edn). THEN, immediate post-war G. A. Almond and J. S. Coleman, The Politics of the Developing Areas (Princeton NJ, Princeton University Press, 1960); G. A. Almond and G. B. Powell, Comparative Politics (Boston MA, Little, Brown, 1966); G. A. Almond and S. Verba, The Civic Culture (Princeton NJ, Princeton University Press, 1963); J. M. Buchanan and G. Tullock, The Calculus of Consent (Ann Arbor MI, University of Michigan Press, 1962); K. W. Deutsch, Nationalism and Social Communication (Cambridge MA, MIT University Press, 1953); K. W. Deutsch, The Nerves of Government (New York, Free, 1963); A. Downs, An Economic Theory of Democracy (New York, Harper, 1957); M. Duverger, Political Parties (New York, Wiley, English edn, 1954); D. Easton, The Political System (New York, Knopf, 1953); H. W. Ehrman, Interest Groups in Four Continents (Pittsburgh PA, University of Pittsburgh Press, 1958); H. Finer, The Theory and Practice of Modern Government (London, Methuen, 1949): S. E. Finer, The Man on Horseback (London, Pall Mall, 1962); R. T. Holt and J. E. Turner (eds), The Methodology of Comparative Research (New York, Free, 1970); S. P. Huntington, The Soldier and the State (New York, Free, 1957); M. Janowitz, The Professional Soldier (New York, Free, 1960); S. M. Lipset, Political Man (London, Heinemann, 1960); R. C. Macridis, The Study of Comparative Government (New York, Doubleday, 1955); W. Riker, The Theory of Political Coalitions (New Haven, Yale University Press, 1962); H. A. Simon, Administrative Behaviour (New York, Free, 1957); N. Wiener, Cybernetics and Society (New York, Houghton Mifflin, 1954); K. C. Wheare, Federal Government (Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1946). and NOW, the most recent literature I. Budge and H. Keman, Parties and Democracy (Oxford, Oxford University Press, 1990); A. De Swaan, Coalition Theories and Cabinet Formations (Amsterdam, Elsevier, 1973); P. Evans, D. Rueschemeyer and T. Skocpol (eds). Bringing the State Back In (Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1985); C. Ham and M. Hill, The Policy Process in the Modern Capitalist State (Hemel Hempstead, Harvester Wheatsheaf, 1993); A. Lijphart, Democracies (New Haven, Yale University Press, 1984); A Lijphart, Choosing an Electoral System: Issues and Alternatives (New York, Praeger, 1984); G. M. Luebbert, Comparative Democracy (New York, Columbia University Press, 1986); J. G. Marsh and J. P. Olsen, Rediscovering Institutions (New York, Free, 1989); J. Richardson (ed.), Policy Styles in Western Europe (London, Allen and Unwin, 1982); M. S. Shugart and J. M. Carey, Presidents and Assemblies (New York, Cambridge University Press, 1992); I. Wallterstein. The Capitalist World Economy (Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1979).
44. 3 Holt and Turner (eds), The Methodology of Comparative Research, pp. 5-6.
45. 4 Macridis, The Study of Comparative Government, pp. 7-12.
46. 5 Easton, The Political System, p. 65.
47. 6 Bryce, Modern Democracies, vol. 1 p. 12.
48. 7 Easton, The Political System, p. 77-8.
49. 8 This characteristic of economics is valid in general, except perhaps when that discipline assesses the role of very large corporations and of their leaders, but it is then looking at political rather than at economic activity.