The evolution of crew resource management training in commercial aviation

International Journal of Aviation Psychology

Volumn 9, Issue 1, 1999, Pages 19-32

  Helmreich, Robert L ^a,b   Merritt, Ashleigh C ^a   Wilhelm, John A ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS AT AUSTIN   (United States)

^b Aerospace Crew Research Project   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AEROSPACE MEDICINE; AIRCRAFT ACCIDENT; ARTICLE; ATTITUDE; AVIATION; BIOENGINEERING; CULTURAL FACTOR; DECISION MAKING; EDUCATION; HUMAN; IN SERVICE TRAINING; NASA DISCIPLINE SPACE HUMAN FACTORS; NON-NASA CENTER; ORGANIZATION AND MANAGEMENT;

NASA DISCIPLINE SPACE HUMAN FACTORS; NON-NASA CENTER;

ACCIDENTS, AVIATION; AEROSPACE MEDICINE; ATTITUDE; AVIATION; CULTURAL CHARACTERISTICS; DECISION MAKING; HUMAN ENGINEERING; HUMANS; INSERVICE TRAINING;

EID: 0032613791     PISSN: 10508414     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1207/s15327108ijap0901_2     Document Type: Article

References (27)

1. Birnbach, R., & Longridge, T. (1993). The regulatory perspective. In E. Wiener, B. Kanki, & R. Helmreich (Eds.), Cockpit resource management (pp. 263-282). San Diego, CA: Academic.
2. Blake, R. R., & Mouton, J. S. (1964). The managerial grid. Houston, TX: Gulf.
3. Byrnes, R. E., & Black, R. (1993). Developing and implementing CRM programs. In E. Wiener, B. Kanki, & R. Helmreich (Eds.), Cockpit resource management (pp. 421-446). San Diego, CA: Academic.
4. Cooper, G. E., White, M. D., & Lauber, J. K. (1980). Resource management on the flightdeck: Proceedings of a NASA/Industry Workshop (Rep. No. NASA CP-2120). Moffett Field, CA: NASA-Ames Research Center.
5. Edwards, E. (1972). Man and machine: Systems for safety. In Proceedings of the British Airline Pilots Association Technical Symposium (pp. 21-36). London: British Airline Pilots Association.
6. Federal Aviation Administration. (1997). Aviation safety action programs (Advisory Circular No. 120-66). Washington, DC: Author.
7. Helmreich, R. L. (1997, May). Managing human error in aviation. Scientific American, 62-67.
8. Helmreich, R. L., Butler, R. E., Taggart, W. R., & Wilhelm, J. A. (1994). The NASA/University of Texas/FAA Line/LOS Checklist: A behavioral marker-based checklist for CRM skills assessment (NASA/UT/FAA Tech. Rep. No. 94-02; revised 12/8/95). Austin: The University of Texas.
9. Helmreich, R. L., Chidester, T. R., Foushee, H. C., Gregorich, S. E., & Wilhelm, J. A. (1990). How effective is Cockpit Resource Management training? Issues in evaluating the impact of programs to enhance crew coordination. Flight Safety Digest, 9(5), 1-17.
10. Helmreich, R. L., & Foushee, H. C. (1993). Why crew resource management? Empirical and theoretical bases of human factors training in aviation. In E. Wiener, B. Kanki, & R. Helmreich (Eds.), Cockpit resource management (pp. 3-45). San Diego, CA: Academic.
11. Helmreich, R. L., Hines, W. E., & Wilhelm, J. A. (1996). Common issues in human factors and automation use: Data from line audits at three airlines (NASA/UT/FAA Tech. Rep. No. 96-1). Austin, TX: University of Texas.
12. Helmreich, R. L., & Merritt, A. C. (1998). Culture at work in aviation and medicine: National, organizational, and professional influences. Aldershot, England: Ashgate.
13. Helmreich, R. L., Merritt, A. C., Sherman, P. J., Gregorich, S. E., & Wiener, E. L. (1993). The Flight Management Attitudes Questionnaire (FMAQ) (NASA/UT/FAA Tech. Rep. No. 93-4). Austin: The University of Texas.
14. Helmreich, R. L., & Taggart, W. R. (1995). CRM: Where are we today? In Proceedings of the CRM Industry Workshop. Washington, DC: Air Transport Association.
15. Helmreich, R. L., & Wilhelm, J. A. (1991). Outcomes of Crew Resource Management training. International Journal of Aviation Psychology, 1, 287-300.
16. Hines, W. E. (1998). Teams and technology: Flightcrew performance in standard and automated aircraft. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, The University of Texas, Austin.
17. Hofstede, G. (1980). Culture's consequences: International differences in work related values. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
18. Merritt, A. C. (1996). National culture and work attitudes in commercial aviation: A cross-cultural investigation. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, The University of Texas, Austin.
19. Merritt, A. C., & Helmreich, R. L. (1997a). Creating and sustaining a safety culture: Some practical strategies. In B. Hayward & A. Lowe (Eds.), Applied aviation psychology: Achievement, change, and challenge (pp. 135-142). London: Avebury Aviation.
20. Merritt, A. C., & Helmreich, R. L. (1997b). CRM: I hate it, what is it? (Error, stress, culture). In Proceedings of the Orient Airlines Association Air Safety Seminar (pp. 123-134). Jakarta, Indonesia: Association of Asia Pacific Airlines.
21. National Transportation Safety Board. (1979). Aircraft accident report: United Airlines, Inc., Douglas DC-8-54, N8082U, Portland, Oregon, December 28, 1978 (NTSB-AAR-79-7). Washington, DC: Author.
22. Orlady, H. W., & Foushee, H. C. (1987). Cockpit resource management training (NASA CP-2455). Moffett Field, CA: NASA-Ames Research Center.
23. Prince, C., & Salas, E. (1993). Training and research for teamwork in the military aircrew. In E. Wiener, B. Kanki, & R. Helmreich (Eds.), Cockpit resource management (pp. 337-366). San Diego, CA: Academic.
24. Reason, J. (1990). Human error. New York: Cambridge University Press.
25. Reason, J. (1997). Managing the risks of organizational accidents. Aldershot, England: Ashgate.
26. Sherman, P. J., Helmreich, R. L., & Merritt, A. C. (1997). National culture and flightdeck automation: Results of a multi-nation survey. International Journal of Aviation Psychology, 7, 311-329.
27. Tullo, F., & Salmon, T. (1997). The role of the check airman in error management. In R. S. Jensen (Ed.), Proceedings of the Ninth International Symposium on Aviation Psychology (pp. 511-513). Columbus: The Ohio State University.