Sonogelling in boron alkoxides and visualization of `wet' boria microstructures by Cryo-SEM

Materials Characterization

Volumn 42, Issue 2, 1999, Pages 55-63

  Haridas, Manoj M ^a   Bellare, Jayesh R ^a  

^a INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY BOMBAY   (India)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AGENTS; ALCOHOLS; CHELATION; GELATION; HYDROLYSIS; MICROSTRUCTURE; SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY; SOLIDIFICATION; TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY; ULTRASONIC APPLICATIONS;

BORIA; BORON ALKOXIDE; SONOGELLING;

BORON COMPOUNDS;

EID: 0032613486     PISSN: 10445803     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/s1044-5803(98)00039-4     Document Type: Article

References (28)

1. R. K. Mehrotra and R. C. Mehrotra: Reactions of aluminium alkoxides with acetylacetone, benzoylacetone and ethyl acetoacetate. Can. J. Chem. 39: 795-801 (1961).
2. B. E. Yoldas: Hydrolysis of aluminium alkoxide and bayerite preparation. J. Appl. Chem. Biotechnol. 23:803-805 (1973).
3. B. E. Yoldas: A transparent porous alumina. Cer. Bull. 54:286-288 (1975).
4. A. C. Pierre and D. R. Uhlmann: Gelation of aluminium hydroxide sols. J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 70:28-32 (1987).
5. T. Ogihara, H. Nakajima, T. Yanagawa, N. Ogata, and K. Yoshida: Preparation of monodisperse, spherical alumina powders from alkoxides. J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 74:2263-2268 (1991).
6. L. L. Hench: The sol-gel process. Chem. Rev. 90:33-72 (1990).
7. M. M. Haridas and J. R. Bellare: Synthesis of highly transparent sonogels from chelated alkoxides. (1995).
8. T. Heinrich, F. Raether, and H. Marsmann: Growth and structure of single phase mullite gels from chelated aluminium alkoxides and alkoxysilanes. J. Non-Cryst. Solids 168:14-22 (1994).
9. C. Sanchez, L. Livage, M. Henry, and J. Babonneu: Chemical modification of alkoxide precursors. J. Non-Cryst. Solids 100:65-71 (1988).
10. R. Nass and R. J. Schmidt: Synthesis of an alumina coating from chelated aluminium alkoxide. J. Non-Cryst. Solids 121:329-333 (1990).
11. N. Ichinose, Y. Ozaki, and S. Kashu: Superfine Partide Technology. Springer-Verlag, London (1992).
12. R. Xu, E. J. A. Pope, and J. D. Mackenzie: Structural evolution of sol-gel systems through viscosity measurements. J. Non-Cryst. Solids 106:242-247 (1988).
13. M. M. Haridas and J. R. Bellare: Microstructure evolution in chelated partially hydrolysed alumina sols during sonogelling. Bull. Mater. Sci. 20: 49-66 (1977).
14. L. Casensky: A1-27 NMR behaviour of Al alkoxides. J. Magn. Reson. 60:375-381 (1984).
15. W. Stober, A. Fink, and E. Bohn: Controlled growth of monodisperse silica spheres in the micron size range. J. Colloid Interface Sci. 26:62-69 (1968).
16. E. Matijevic: Production of monodispersed colloids. Ann. Rev. Mater. Sci. 15:483-516 (1985).
17. H. Schmidt: Chemistry of material preparation by the sol-gel process. J. Non-Cryst. Solids 100:51-57 (1988).
18. D. Segal: Chemical Synthesis of Advanced Materials. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK (1989).
19. J. H. Wengrovius, M. F. Garbauskas, E. A. Williams, R. C. Going, P. E. Donahue, and J. F. Smith: Aluminium alkoxide chemistry revisited: Synthesis, structures and characterization of several aluminium alkoxide and siloxide complexes. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 108:982-987 (1986).
20. R. Nass and H. Schmidt: Snythesis of ultrafine ceramic powders. In Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Ceramic Powder Processing Science, Oct. 1988, H. Hausner, G. L. Messing, and S. Hirano, eds., Deutsche Keramische Gesellschaft, Cologne, pp. 69-73 (1989).
21. M. M. Haridas, A. Menon, N. Goyal, S. Chandran, and J. R. Bellare: Cryogenic-scanning electron microscopy as a technique to image sol to gel transformation in chelated alkoxide systems. Ceramics Intl. 22:155-159 (1995).
22. M. M. Haridas: Microstructure Development in Ceramic Precursors: Experimental Studies, PhD Thesis, Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay (1997).
23. J. R. Bellare: Cryo-Electron and Optical Microscopy of Surfactant Microstructures, PhD Thesis, University of Minnesota (1988).
24. J. G. Sheehan, and M. Whalen-Shaw: High-magnification cryogenic scanning electron microscopy (cryo-SEMs) of wet coating microstructures. J. Tappi. 5:171-178 (1990).
25. K. Bhadriraju and J. R. Bellare: A cryo-SEM technique developed and applied to surfactant liposomes. Proc. Microsc. Soc. Am. 51:247-248 (1993).
26. R. Barenholz, D. Gibbes, B. J. Litman, J. Goll, T. E. Thompson, and F. D. Carlson: A simple method for the preparation of homogenous phospholipid vesicles. Biochemistry 16:2806-2808 (1977).
27. JSM 6400 Scanning Microscope Operations Manual, 1991, JEOL, Kyoto, Japan.
28. J. K. Bailey and M. L. Mecartney: Structural evolution during the sol to gel transition of silicon-alkoxide based sols observed by cryogenic transmission microscopy (cryo-TEM). Mat. Res. Soc.