Effects of distraction on children's pain and distress during medical procedures: A meta-analysis

Nursing Research

Volumn 48, Issue 1, 1999, Pages 44-49

  Kleiber, Charmaine ^a,c   Harper, Dennis C ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF IOWA HOSPITALS AND CLINICS   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF IOWA   (United States)

^c NONE   (United States)

Author keywords

Children; Distraction; Distress; Pain

Indexed keywords

ADOLESCENT; ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE; ARTICLE; CHILD; CLINICAL TRIAL; EPIDEMIOLOGY; EQUIPMENT; HUMAN; MENTAL STRESS; META ANALYSIS; METHODOLOGY; PAIN; PAIN ASSESSMENT; PRESCHOOL CHILD; RELAXATION TRAINING; REPRODUCIBILITY; SAMPLE SIZE; STANDARD;

ADOLESCENT; ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE; BIAS (EPIDEMIOLOGY); CHILD; CHILD, PRESCHOOL; EFFECT MODIFIERS (EPIDEMIOLOGY); HUMANS; PAIN; PAIN MEASUREMENT; RELAXATION TECHNIQUES; REPRODUCIBILITY OF RESULTS; RESEARCH DESIGN; SAMPLE SIZE; STRESS, PSYCHOLOGICAL;

EID: 0032604793     PISSN: 00296562     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/00006199-199901000-00007     Document Type: Article

References (46)

1. *Arts, S. E., Abu-Saad, H. H., Champion, G. D., Crawford, M. R., Fisher, R. J., Juniper, K. H., & Ziegler, J. B. (1994). Age-related response to lidocaine-prilocaine (EMLA) emulsion and effect of music distraction on the pain of intravenous cannulation. Pediatrics, 93(5), 797-801.
2. Becker, B. J. (1988). Synthesizing stan-dardized mean-change measures. British Journal of Mathematical and Statistical Psychology, 41, 257-278.
3. Beyer, J. E., McGrath, P. J., & Berde, C. B. (1990). Discordance between self-report and behavioral pain measures in children aged 3-7 years after surgery. Journal of Pain and Symptom Management, 5, 350-356.
4. *Blount, R. L., Bachanas, P. J., Powers, S. W., Cotter, M. C., Franklin, A., Chaplin, W., Mayfield, J., Henderson, M., & Blount, S. D. (1992). Training children to cope and parents to coach them during routine immunizations: Effects on child, parent, and staff behaviors. Behavior Therapy, 23, 689-705.
5. *Broome, M. E., Lillis, P. P, McGahee, T. W., & Bates, T. (1992). The use of dis-traction and imagery with children during painful procedures. Oncology Nursing Forum, 19, 499-502.
6. Cohen, J. (1977). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences (revised ed.). New York: Academic Press.
7. Corbo-Richert, B. H. (1994). Coping behaviors of young children during a chest tube procedure in the pediatric intensive care unit. Maternal-Child Nursing Journal, 22, 134-146.
8. Dahlquist, L. M., Gil, K. M., Armstrong, F. D., DeLawyer, D. D., Greene, P., & Wuori, D. (1986). Preparing children for medical examinations: The importance of previous medical experience. Health Psychology, 5, 249-259.
9. Dahlquist, L. M., Power, T., Cox, C., & Fernbach, D. (1994). Parenting and child distress during cancer procedures: A multidimensional assessment. Children's Health Care, 23, 149-166.
10. Dunlap, W. P., Cortina, J. M., Vaslow, J. B., & Burke M. J. (1996). Meta-analysis of experiments with matched groups or repeated measures designs. Psychological Methods, 1, 170-177.
11. *Elliott, C. H., & Olson, R. A. (1983). The management of children's distress in response to painful medical treatment for burn injuries. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 21(6), 675-683.
12. Fernandez, E. (1986). A classification system of cognitive coping strategies for pain. Pain, 26, 141-151.
13. *Foertsch, C. E. (1993). Investigation of an imagery-based treatment for the control of children's behavioral distress during burn dressing changes. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Iowa.
14. *Fowler-Kerry, S., & Lander, J. R. (1987). Management of injection pain on children. Pain, 30, 169-175.
15. *Gonzalez, J. C., Routh, D. K., & Armstrong, F. D. (1993). Effects of maternal distraction versus reassurance on children's reactions to injections. Journal of Pediatric Psychology, 18(5), 593-604.
16. Hester, N. O. (1993). Pain in children. In J. Fitzpatrick & J. Stevenson (Eds.), Annual review of nursing research: Vol. 11 (pp. 105-142). New York: Springer.
17. Humphrey, G. B., Boon, C. M., van Linden van den Heuvell, G. F., & van de Wiel, H. B. (1992). The occurrence of high levels of acute behavioral distress in children and adolescents undergoing routine venipunctures. Pediatrics, 90, 8-91.
18. Hunter, J. F., & Schmidt, F. L. (1990). Methods of meta-analysis: Correcting error and bias in research findings. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
19. Jay, S. M., Elliott, C. H., Katz, E., & Siegel, S. E. (1987). Cognitive-behavioral and pharmacologic interventions for children's distress during painful medical procedures. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 55(6), 860-865.
20. *Jay, S. M., Elliott, C. H., Ozolins, M., Olson, R. A., & Pruitt, S. D. (1985). Behavioral management of children's distress during painful medical procedures. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 23, 513-520.
21. Jay, S. M., Ozolins, M., Elliott, C. H., & Caldwell, S. (1983). Assessment of children's distress during painful medical procedures. Health Psychology, 2, 133-147.
22. Katz, E. R., Kellerman, J., & Siegel, S. (1980). Behavioral distress in children with cancer undergoing medical procedures: Developmental considerations. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 48, 356-365.
23. Keck, J. F., Gerkensmeyer, J. E., Joyce, B. A., & Schade, J. G. (1996). Reliability and validity of the Faces and Word Descriptor Scales to measure procedural pain. Journal of Pediatric Nursing, 11, 368-374.
24. Lander, J., & Fowler-Kerry, S. (1991). Age differences in children's pain. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 73, 415-418.
25. Lee, L. W., & White-Traut, R. C. (1996). The role of temperament in pediatric pain response. Issues in Comprehensive Pediatric Nursing, 19, 49-63.
26. *Manne, S. E., Redd, W. H., Jacobsen, P. B., Gorfinkle, K., Schorr, O., & Rapkin, B. (1990). Behavioral intervention to reduce child and parent distress during venipuncture. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 58, 565-572.
27. McCarthy, A. M., Cool, V. A., Petersen, M., & Bruene, D. A. (1996). Cognitive behavioral pain and anxiety interventions in pediatric oncology centers and bone marrow transplant units. Journal of Pediatric Oncology Nursing, 13, 3-12.
28. McCaul, K. D., & Malott, J. M. (1984). Distraction and coping with pain. Psychological Bulletin, 95, 516-533.
29. McGrath, P. A. (1991). Intervention and management. In J. P. Bush & S. W. Harkins (Eds.), Children in pain. New York: Springer-Verlag.
30. *McGrath, P. A., & deVeber, L. L. (1986). The management of acute pain evoked by medical procedures in children with cancer. Journal of Pain and Symptom Management, 1(3), 145-150.
31. Melamed, B., Hawes, R., Heiby, E., & Glick, J. (1975). The use of film modeling to reduce uncooperative behavior of children during dental treatment. Journal of Dental Research, 54, 797-801.
32. Melzack, R., & Wall, P. D. (1965). Pain mechanisms: A new theory. Science, 150, 971-979.
33. *Olsen, B. R. (1991). Brief interventions for routine use with children in a phlebotomy laboratory. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, West Virginia University.
34. *Powers, S. W., Blount, R. L., Bachanas, P. J., Cotter, M. W., & Swan, S. C. (1993). Helping preschool leukemia patients and their parents cope during injections. Journal of Pediatric Psychology, 18(6), 681-695.
35. Schechter, N. L., Bernstein, B. A., Beck, A., Hart, L., & Scherzer, L. (1991). Individual differences in children's response to pain: Role of temperament and parental characteristics. Pediatrics, 87, 171-177.
36. *Schur, J. M. (1986). Alleviating behavioral distress with music or Lamaze pantblow breathing in children undergoing bone marrow aspirations and lumbar punctures. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas.
37. *Smith, J. T., Barabasz, A., & Barabasz, M. (1996). Comparison of hypnosis and distraction in severely ill children undergoing painful medical procedures. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 43(2), 187-195.
38. *Smith, K. E., Ackerson, J. D., & Blotcky, A. D. (1989). Reducing distress during invasive medical procedures: Relating behavioral interventions to preferred coping style in pediatric cancer patients. Journal of Pediatric Psychology, 14(3), 405-419.
39. *Stark, L. J., Allen, K. D., Hurst, M., Nash, D. A., Rigney, B., & Stokes, T. F. (1989). Distraction: Its utilization and efficacy with children undergoing dental treatment. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 22(3), 297-307.
40. *Vessey, J. A., Carlson, K. L., & McGill, J. (1994). Use of distraction with children during an acute pain experience. Nursing Research, 43, 369-372.
41. *Winborn, M. D. (1987). Associative and dissociative preparatory strategies for children undergoing dental treatment. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Memphis State University.
42. Young, M. R., & Fu, V. R. (1988). Influence of play and temperament on the young child's response to pain. Children's Health Care, 18, 209-217.
43. Wall, P. D. (1978). The gate control theory of pain mechanisms. A re-examination and re-statement. Brain, 101, 1-18.
44. Whitener, E. (1990). Confusion of confidence intervals and credibility intervals in meta-analysis. Journal of Applied Psychology, 75, 315-321.
45. Willis, W. E., & Coggeshall, R. E. (Eds.). (1991). Sensory mechanisms of the spinal cord (2nd ed.). New York: Plenum Press.
46. *Zabin, M. A. (1982). The modification of children's behavior during blood work procedures. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, West Virginia University.