메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 38, Issue 1, 1999, Pages 29-43

Microwave properties of frozen precipitation around a North Atlantic cyclone

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BRIGHTNESS TEMPERATURE; CLOUD MICROPHYSICS; CYCLONE; MICROWAVE IMAGERY; PRECIPITATION (CLIMATOLOGY);

EID: 0032599685     PISSN: 08948763     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1175/1520-0450(1999)038<0029:MPOFPA>2.0.CO;2     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (20)

References (41)
  • 1
    • 0032413697 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The use of digital warping of microwave integrated water vapor imagery to improve forecasts of marine extratropical cyclones
    • Alexander, G. D., J. A. Weinman, and J. L. Schols, 1998: The use of digital warping of microwave integrated water vapor imagery to improve forecasts of marine extratropical cyclones. Mon. Wea. Rev., 126, 1469-1496.
    • (1998) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.126 , pp. 1469-1496
    • Alexander, G.D.1    Weinman, J.A.2    Schols, J.L.3
  • 2
    • 84977303603 scopus 로고
    • Empirical formulae for the terminal velocity of a drop falling through the atmosphere
    • Best, A. C., 1950: Empirical formulae for the terminal velocity of a drop falling through the atmosphere. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 76, 302-311.
    • (1950) Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc. , vol.76 , pp. 302-311
    • Best, A.C.1
  • 3
    • 0000324010 scopus 로고
    • A nonreflective upper boundary condition for limited-height hydrostatic models
    • Bogeault, P., 1983: A nonreflective upper boundary condition for limited-height hydrostatic models. Mon. Wea. Rev., 111, 420-429.
    • (1983) Mon. Wea. Rev. , vol.111 , pp. 420-429
    • Bogeault, P.1
  • 4
    • 0020330859 scopus 로고
    • Radar backscattering of microwaves by spongy ice spheres
    • Bohren, C. F., and L. J. Battan. 1982: Radar backscattering of microwaves by spongy ice spheres. J. Atmos. Sci., 39, 2623-2628.
    • (1982) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.39 , pp. 2623-2628
    • Bohren, C.F.1    Battan, L.J.2
  • 5
    • 84987100620 scopus 로고
    • Updating prediction models by dynamical relaxation
    • Davies, H. C., and R. E. Turner, 1977: Updating prediction models by dynamical relaxation. Quart. J. Roy Meteor. Soc., 103, 225-245.
    • (1977) Quart. J. Roy Meteor. Soc. , vol.103 , pp. 225-245
    • Davies, H.C.1    Turner, R.E.2
  • 6
    • 0024921060 scopus 로고
    • Numerical study of convection observed during the winter monsoon experiment using a mesoscale two-dimensional model
    • Dudhia, J., 1989: Numerical study of convection observed during the winter monsoon experiment using a mesoscale two-dimensional model. J. Atmos. Sci., 46, 3077-3107.
    • (1989) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.46 , pp. 3077-3107
    • Dudhia, J.1
  • 7
    • 0028599606 scopus 로고
    • A double-moment multiple-phase four-class bulk ice scheme. Part I: Description
    • Ferrier, B. S., 1994: A double-moment multiple-phase four-class bulk ice scheme. Part I: Description. J. Atmos. Sci., 51, 249-280.
    • (1994) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.51 , pp. 249-280
    • Ferrier, B.S.1
  • 8
    • 0029542806 scopus 로고
    • A double-moment multiple-phase four-class bulk ice scheme. Part II: Simulations of convective storms in different large-scale environments and comparisons with other bulk parameterizations
    • _, W.-K. Tao, and J. Simpson, 1995: A double-moment multiple-phase four-class bulk ice scheme. Part II: Simulations of convective storms in different large-scale environments and comparisons with other bulk parameterizations. J. Atmos. Sci., 52, 1001-1033.
    • (1995) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.52 , pp. 1001-1033
    • Tao, W.-K.1    Simpson, J.2
  • 9
    • 0002487380 scopus 로고
    • A description of the fifth-generation Penn state/NCAR mesoscale model (MM5)
    • 138 pp.
    • Grell, G. A., J. Dudhia, and D. R. Stauffer, 1994: A description of the fifth-generation Penn State/NCAR Mesoscale Model (MM5). NCAR Tech. Note NCAR/TN-398+STR, 138 pp.
    • (1994) NCAR Tech. Note NCAR/TN-398+STR
    • Grell, G.A.1    Dudhia, J.2    Stauffer, D.R.3
  • 11
  • 12
    • 0025592294 scopus 로고
    • A one-dimensional entraining/ detraining plume model and its application in convective parameterization
    • Kain, J. S., and J. M. Fritsch, 1990: A one-dimensional entraining/ detraining plume model and its application in convective parameterization. J. Atmos Sci., 47, 2784-2802.
    • (1990) J. Atmos Sci. , vol.47 , pp. 2784-2802
    • Kain, J.S.1    Fritsch, J.M.2
  • 13
    • 0018058501 scopus 로고
    • A hot-wire liquid water device having fully calculable response characteristics
    • King, W. D., D. A. Parkin, and R. J. Handsworth, 1978: A hot-wire liquid water device having fully calculable response characteristics. J. Appl. Meteor., 17, 1809-1813.
    • (1978) J. Appl. Meteor. , vol.17 , pp. 1809-1813
    • King, W.D.1    Parkin, D.A.2    Handsworth, R.J.3
  • 14
    • 0025383230 scopus 로고
    • Attenuation and reflection of radio waves by a melting layer of precipitation
    • Klaassen, W., 1990: Attenuation and reflection of radio waves by a melting layer of precipitation. IEEE. Proc., 137, 39-44.
    • (1990) IEEE. Proc. , vol.137 , pp. 39-44
    • Klaassen, W.1
  • 15
    • 0001200361 scopus 로고
    • An upper boundary condition permitting internal gravity wave radiation in numerical mesoscale models
    • Klemp, J. B., and D. R. Durran, 1983: An upper boundary condition permitting internal gravity wave radiation in numerical mesoscale models. Mon. Wea. Rev.. 111, 430-444.
    • (1983) Mon. Wea. Rev.. , vol.111 , pp. 430-444
    • Klemp, J.B.1    Durran, D.R.2
  • 16
    • 0018673231 scopus 로고
    • Observations of the morphology of melting snow
    • Knight, C. A., 1979: Observations of the morphology of melting snow. J. Atmos. Sci., 36, 1123-1130.
    • (1979) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.36 , pp. 1123-1130
    • Knight, C.A.1
  • 17
    • 0014740693 scopus 로고
    • The optical array: An alternative to scattering or extinction for airborne particle size determination
    • Knollenberg, R. G., 1970: The optical array: An alternative to scattering or extinction for airborne particle size determination. J. Appl. Meteor., 9, 86-103.
    • (1970) J. Appl. Meteor. , vol.9 , pp. 86-103
    • Knollenberg, R.G.1
  • 18
    • 0028254927 scopus 로고
    • A passive microwave technique for estimating rainfall and vertical structure information from space. Part I: Algorithm description
    • Kummerow, C., and L. Giglio, 1994: A passive microwave technique for estimating rainfall and vertical structure information from space. Part I: Algorithm description. J. Appl. Meteor., 33, 3-18.
    • (1994) J. Appl. Meteor. , vol.33 , pp. 3-18
    • Kummerow, C.1    Giglio, L.2
  • 19
    • 0027047979 scopus 로고
    • Airborne measurements of the origin and growth of very large snowflakes
    • Lawson, R. P., R. E. Stewart, J. W. Strapp, and G. A. Isaac, 1993: Airborne measurements of the origin and growth of very large snowflakes. Geophys. Res. Lett.. 20, 53-56.
    • (1993) Geophys. Res. Lett.. , vol.20 , pp. 53-56
    • Lawson, R.P.1    Stewart, R.E.2    Strapp, J.W.3    Isaac, G.A.4
  • 20
    • 0033232455 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Observations and numerical simulations of the origin and development of very large snowflakes
    • _, L. J. Angus, and R. E. Stewart, 1998: Observations and numerical simulations of the origin and development of very large snowflakes. J. Atmos. Sci., 55, 3209-3229.
    • (1998) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.55 , pp. 3209-3229
    • Angus, L.J.1    Stewart, R.E.2
  • 21
    • 0000865936 scopus 로고
    • An operational system for the remote location of lightning using VLF arrival time difference technique
    • Lee, A. C. L., 1986: An operational system for the remote location of lightning using VLF arrival time difference technique. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 3, 630-642.
    • (1986) J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol. , vol.3 , pp. 630-642
    • Lee, A.C.L.1
  • 22
    • 0002229199 scopus 로고
    • Propagation modeling of moist air and suspended water ice particles below 1000 GHz. Atmospheric propagation effects through natural and man-made obscurants for visible to mm-wave radiation
    • Liebe, H. J., G. A. Hufford, and M. G. Cotton, 1993: Propagation modeling of moist air and suspended water ice particles below 1000 GHz. Atmospheric Propagation Effects through Natural and Man-made Obscurants for Visible to mm-Wave Radiation, AGARD Conf. Proc., 542, 3.1-3.10
    • (1993) AGARD Conf. Proc. , vol.542 , pp. 31-310
    • Liebe, H.J.1    Hufford, G.A.2    Cotton, M.G.3
  • 23
    • 0000027138 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The lightning activity of a hailstorm as a function of changes in its microphysical characteristics inferred from polarimetric radar observations
    • Lopez, R. E., and J. P. Aubagnac, 1997: The lightning activity of a hailstorm as a function of changes in its microphysical characteristics inferred from polarimetric radar observations. J. Geophys. Res. 102, 16799-16863.
    • (1997) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.102 , pp. 16799-16863
    • Lopez, R.E.1    Aubagnac, J.P.2
  • 24
    • 0000972175 scopus 로고
    • Aerodynamic studies of falling snowflakes
    • Magono, C., and T. Nakamura, 1965: Aerodynamic studies of falling snowflakes. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 43, 139-147.
    • (1965) J. Meteor. Soc. Japan , vol.43 , pp. 139-147
    • Magono, C.1    Nakamura, T.2
  • 25
    • 0000169232 scopus 로고
    • An algorithm for least squares estimation of nonlinear parameters
    • Marquardt, D. W., 1963: An algorithm for least squares estimation of nonlinear parameters. J. S.I.A.M., 11, 431-441.
    • (1963) J. S.I.A.M. , vol.11 , pp. 431-441
    • Marquardt, D.W.1
  • 26
    • 0001268284 scopus 로고
    • The direct measurement of the sizes, shapes, and kinematics of falling hailstones
    • Matson, R., and A. W. Huggins, 1980: The direct measurement of the sizes, shapes, and kinematics of falling hailstones. J. Atmos. Sci., 37, 1107-1125.
    • (1980) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.37 , pp. 1107-1125
    • Matson, R.1    Huggins, A.W.2
  • 27
    • 0030390622 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparisons of cross sections for melting hydrometeors as derived from dielectric mixing formulas and a numerical method
    • Meneghini, R., and L. Liao. 1996: Comparisons of cross sections for melting hydrometeors as derived from dielectric mixing formulas and a numerical method. J. Appl. Meteor., 35, 1658-1670.
    • (1996) J. Appl. Meteor. , vol.35 , pp. 1658-1670
    • Meneghini, R.1    Liao, L.2
  • 28
    • 0002014943 scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of passive microwave precipitation algorithms in wintertime midlatitude situations
    • Negri. A. J., E. J. Nelkin, R. F. Adler, G. J. Huffman, and C. D. Kummerow, 1995: Evaluation of passive microwave precipitation algorithms in wintertime midlatitude situations. J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol., 12, 20-32.
    • (1995) J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol. , vol.12 , pp. 20-32
    • Negri, A.J.1    Nelkin, E.J.2    Adler, R.F.3    Huffman, G.J.4    Kummerow, C.D.5
  • 29
    • 0020821752 scopus 로고
    • Electromagnetic wave propagation and scattering in rain and other hydrometeors
    • Oguchi, T., 1983: Electromagnetic wave propagation and scattering in rain and other hydrometeors. IEEE, Proc. 71, 1053-1056.
    • (1983) IEEE, Proc. , vol.71 , pp. 1053-1056
    • Oguchi, T.1
  • 30
    • 0041305474 scopus 로고
    • Microwave brightness temperatures from horizontally and vertically structured precipitating clouds
    • Roberti, L., J. Haferman, and C. Kummerow, 1994: Microwave brightness temperatures from horizontally and vertically structured precipitating Clouds. J. Geophys. Res., 99, 16 707-16 718.
    • (1994) J. Geophys. Res. , vol.99 , pp. 16707-16718
    • Roberti, L.1    Haferman, J.2    Kummerow, C.3
  • 31
    • 38149148219 scopus 로고
    • Retrieval of hydrometeor distributions over the ocean from airborne single-frequency radar and multi-frequency radiometric measurements
    • Schols, J. L., and J. A. Weinman, 1994: Retrieval of hydrometeor distributions over the ocean from airborne single-frequency radar and multi-frequency radiometric measurements. J. Atmos. Res., 34, 329-346.
    • (1994) J. Atmos. Res. , vol.34 , pp. 329-346
    • Schols, J.L.1    Weinman, J.A.2
  • 32
    • 0000882681 scopus 로고
    • Snow size spectra and radar reflectivity
    • Sekhon, R. S., and R. C. Srivastava, 1970: Snow size spectra and radar reflectivity. J. Atmos. Sci., 27, 299-307.
    • (1970) J. Atmos. Sci. , vol.27 , pp. 299-307
    • Sekhon, R.S.1    Srivastava, R.C.2
  • 33
    • 0027067303 scopus 로고
    • Foundations for statistical-physical precipitation retrieval from passive microwave satellite measurements. Part I: Brightness temperature properties of a time-dependent cloud-radiation model
    • Smith, E. A., A. Mugnai, H. J. Cooper, J. Tripoli, and X. Xiang, 1992: Foundations for statistical-physical precipitation retrieval from passive microwave satellite measurements. Part I: Brightness temperature properties of a time-dependent cloud-radiation model. J. Appl. Meteor., 31, 506-531.
    • (1992) J. Appl. Meteor. , vol.31 , pp. 506-531
    • Smith, E.A.1    Mugnai, A.2    Cooper, H.J.3    Tripoli, J.4    Xiang, X.5
  • 34
    • 0345285632 scopus 로고
    • Some characteristics of hailstone size distributions inside hailstorms
    • Seattle, WA, Amer. Meteor. Soc.
    • Spahn, J. R. and P. L. Smith, 1976: Some characteristics of hailstone size distributions inside hailstorms. Prof. 17th Radar Meteor. Conf., Seattle, WA, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 187-191.
    • (1976) Prof. 17th Radar Meteor. Conf. , pp. 187-191
    • Spahn, J.R.1    Smith, P.L.2
  • 35
    • 0026266641 scopus 로고
    • Canadian Atlantic storms program: Progress and plans of the meteorological component
    • Stewart, R. E., 1991: Canadian Atlantic Storms Program: Progress and plans of the meteorological component. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 72, 364-371.
    • (1991) Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc. , vol.72 , pp. 364-371
    • Stewart, R.E.1
  • 36
    • 0028974443 scopus 로고
    • Some characteristics of the precipitation formed within winter storms over eastern newfoundland
    • _, and R. W. Crawford, 1995: Some characteristics of the precipitation formed within winter storms over eastern Newfoundland. Atmos. Res., 36, 17-37.
    • (1995) Atmos. Res. , vol.36 , pp. 17-37
    • Crawford, R.W.1
  • 37
    • 0040749666 scopus 로고
    • Horizontal aircraft passes across 0°C regions within winter storms
    • _, R. W. Crawford, K. K. Szeto, and D. R. Hudak, 1995: Horizontal aircraft passes across 0°C regions within winter storms. Atmos.-Ocean., 34, 133-159.
    • (1995) Atmos.-Ocean. , vol.34 , pp. 133-159
    • Crawford, R.W.1    Szeto, K.K.2    Hudak, D.R.3
  • 38
    • 0025586075 scopus 로고
    • Microwave radiative transfer studies using combined multiparameter radar and radiometer measurements during COHMEX
    • Vivekanandan, J., J. Turk, G. L. Stephens, and V. N. Bringi, 1990: Microwave radiative transfer studies using combined multiparameter radar and radiometer measurements during COHMEX. J. Appl. Meteor., 29, 561-585.
    • (1990) J. Appl. Meteor. , vol.29 , pp. 561-585
    • Vivekanandan, J.1    Turk, J.2    Stephens, G.L.3    Bringi, V.N.4
  • 39
    • 0018530955 scopus 로고
    • A model for the microwave emissivity of the ocean's surface as a function of wind speed
    • Wilheit, T. T., 1979: A model for the microwave emissivity of the ocean's surface as a function of wind speed. IEEE Trans. Geosci. Electr., GE-17, 244-249.
    • (1979) IEEE Trans. Geosci. Electr. , vol.GE-17 , pp. 244-249
    • Wilheit, T.T.1
  • 40
    • 0005100398 scopus 로고
    • Microphysical processes of melting snowflakes detected by two-wavelength radar. Part I: Principle of measurement based on model calculation
    • Yokoyama, T., and H. Tanaka, 1984: Microphysical processes of melting snowflakes detected by two-wavelength radar. Part I: Principle of measurement based on model calculation. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 62, 650-666.
    • (1984) J. Meteor. Soc. Japan , vol.62 , pp. 650-666
    • Yokoyama, T.1    Tanaka, H.2
  • 41
    • 0020330339 scopus 로고
    • A high-resolution model of the planetary boundary layer-sensitivity tests and comparisons with SESAME-79 data
    • Zhang, D. L., and R. A. Anthes, 1982: A high-resolution model of the planetary boundary layer-sensitivity tests and comparisons with SESAME-79 Data. J. Appl. Meteor, 21, 1594-1609.
    • (1982) J. Appl. Meteor , vol.21 , pp. 1594-1609
    • Zhang, D.L.1    Anthes, R.A.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.