Aircraft sound propagation near to the ground: Measurements and calculations

Acustica

Volumn 85, Issue 4, 1999, Pages 495-504

  Blumrich, Reinhard ^a,b   Altmann, Jürgen ^b  

^a GERMAN AEROSPACE CENTER DLR   (Germany)

^b RUHR UNIVERSITY BOCHUM   (Germany)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ACOUSTIC VARIABLES MEASUREMENT; ACOUSTIC WAVE TRANSMISSION; AIRCRAFT; ATTENUATION; GROUND EFFECT; MICROPHONES; TRANSFER FUNCTIONS;

AIRCRAFT SOUND PROPAGATION;

ACOUSTIC EMISSIONS;

EID: 0032596251     PISSN: 00017884     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (25)

1. S. Koulik: The sinai experience, chapter 11. - In: Verification of Conventional Arms Control in Europe: Technical Constraints and Opportunities. R. Kokoski, K. S. (eds.). SIPRI/Westview, Stockholm/Boulder CO, 1990.
2. M. Vannoni: Sensors in the Sinai: A precedent for regional cooperative monitoring. Tech. Rept. SAND96-2574, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque NM, 1996.
3. J. Altmann, J. Rotblat (eds.): Verification of arms reductions - nuclear, conventional, and chemical. Springer, Berlin etc., 1989.
4. J. Altmann, H. van der Graaf, P. Lewis, P. Markl (eds.): Verification at Vienna - Monitoring reductions of conventional armed forces. Gordon and Breach, New York etc., 1992.
5. J. Altmann, H. Fischer, H. van der Graaf (eds.): Sensors for peace: Applications, systems and legal requirements for monitoring in peace operations. United Nations, New York and Geneva, 1998.
6. R. Blumrich: Sound propagation and seismic signals of aircraft used for airport monitoring - Investigations for peace-keeping and verification. Verification - Research Reports 10, ISL, Hagen, 1998.
7. R. Blumrich, J. Altmann: Ground impedance measurement over a range of 20 m. ACUSTICA - acta acustica (this issue).
8. J. Altmann, S. Brosig: Mess6/Eval6 - a versatile program for measuring and evaluating multiple sensor signals. Verification - Research Reports 6, Brockmeyer, Bochum, 1994.
9. VDI 2714: Sound propagation in the open (in german). VDI-Verlag GmbH, Düsseldorf, 1988.
10. R. Raspet, A. L'Espérance, G. A. Daigle: The effect of realistic ground impedance on the accuracy of ray tracing. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 97 (1995) 154-158.
11. Y. L. Li, M. J. White, J. Tai: An improved approximation for wave propagation above an impedance ground in a medium with a linear sound-speed profile. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 102 (1997) 1231-1234.
12. K. M. Li: Propagation of sound above an impedance plane in a downward refracting atmosphere. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 99 (1996) 746-754.
13. K. Attenborough, S. Taherzadeh, H. E. Bass, X. Di, R. Raspet, G. R. Becker, A. Güdesen, A. Chrestman, G. A. Daigle, A. L'Espérance, Y. Gabillet, K. E. Gilbert, Y. L. Li, M. J. White, P. Naz, J. M. Noble, H. A. J. M. van Hoof: Benchmark cases for outdoor sound propagation models. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 97 (1995) 173-191.
14. E. M. Salomons: Sound propagation in complex outdoor situations with a non-refracting atmosphere: Model based on analytical solutions for diffraction and reflection. ACUSTICA - acta acustica 83 (1997) 436-454.
15. K. M. Li, K. Attenborough, N. W. Heap: Source height determination by ground effect inversion in the presence of a sound velocity gradient. Journal of Sound and Vibration 145 (1991) 111-128.
16. R. Raspet, W. Wu: Calculation of average turbulence effects on sound propagation based on the fast field program formulation. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 97 (1995) 147-153.
17. P. H. Parkin, W. E. Scholes: The horizontal propagation of sound from a jet engine close to the ground at Hatfield. Journal of Sound and Vibration 2 (1965) 353-374.
18. R. Geiger, R. H. Aron, P. Todhunter: The climate near the ground. Vieweg, Braunschweig/Wiesbaden, 1995, re-issued 5th ed.
19. C. M. Harris (ed.): Handbook of acoustical measurements and noise control. McGraw-Hill Inc., New York, 1991, 3rd edition.
20. P. M. Morse, K. U. Ingard: Theoretical acoustics. Mc Graw-Hill, New York, 1968.
21. A. D. Pierce: Acoustics - An introduction to its physical principles and applications. Acoustical Society of America, Woodbury NY, 1991.
22. J. Altmann: Acoustic weapons - A prospective assessment. Science and Global Security (to appear).
23. G. A. Daigle, J. Nicolas, J.-L. Berry: Propagation of noise above ground having an impedance discontinuity. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 77 (1985) 127-138.
24. J. N. B. Harriott, D. C. Hothersall: Long-distance sound propagation over an impedance discontinuity. Journal of Sound and Vibration 148 (1991) 365-380.
25. D. C. Hothersall, J. N. B. Harriott: Approximate models for sound propagation above multi-impedance plane boundaries. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 97 (1995) 918-926.