Validity of the Fagerstrom test for nicotine dependence and of the heaviness of smoking index among relatively light smokers

Addiction

Volumn 94, Issue 2, 1999, Pages 269-281

  Etter, Jean François ^a   Vu Duc, Trinh ^b   Perneger, Thomas V ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF GENEVA MEDICAL SCHOOL   (Switzerland)

^b NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

COTININE; NICOTINE;

ADDICTION; ADULT; ARTICLE; COHORT ANALYSIS; CONTROLLED STUDY; DEPENDENT PERSONALITY DISORDER; FEMALE; HUMAN; HUMAN EXPERIMENT; MALE; NORMAL HUMAN; PSYCHOMETRY; QUESTIONNAIRE; RELIABILITY; SELF CONCEPT; SMOKING; SMOKING CESSATION; SWITZERLAND; REPRODUCIBILITY; REVIEW; TOBACCO DEPENDENCE;

ADULT; COHORT STUDIES; FEMALE; HUMANS; MALE; NICOTINE; PSYCHOMETRICS; QUESTIONNAIRES; REPRODUCIBILITY OF RESULTS; SMOKING; TOBACCO USE DISORDER;

EID: 0032587493     PISSN: 09652140     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1046/j.1360-0443.1999.94226910.x     Document Type: Article

References (38)

1. 1. FAGERSTRÖM, K. O. & SCHNEIDER, N. G. (1989) Measuring nicotine dependence. A review of the Fagerström tolerance questionnaire, Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 12, 159-182.
2. 2. HEATHERTON, T. F., KOZLOWSKI, L. T., FRECKER, R. C. & FAGERSTROM, K. O. (1991) The Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence: a revision of the Fagerstrom Tolerance Questionnaire, British Journal of Addiction, 86, 1119-1127.
3. 3. HEATHERTON, T. F., KOZLOWSKI, L. T., FRECKER, R. C., RICKERT, W. S. & ROBINSON, J. (1989) Measuring the heaviness of smoking using self-reported time to first cigarette of the day and number of cigarettes smoked per day, British Journal of Addiction, 84, 791-800.
4. 4. KOZLOWSKI, L. T., PORTER, C. Q., ORLEANS, C. T., POPE, M. A. & HEATHERTON, T. (1994) Predicting smoking cessation with self-reported measures of nicotine dependence: FTQ, FTND, and HSI, Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 34, 211-216.
5. 5. POMERLEAU, C. S., CARTON, S. M., LUTZKE, M. L., FLESSLAND, K. A. & POMERLEAU, O. F. (1994) Reliability of the Fagerstrom Tolerance Questionnaire and the Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence, Addictive Behaviors, 19, 33-39.
6. 6. PAYNE, T. J., SMITH, P. O., MCCRACKEN, L. M., MCSHERRY, W. C. & ANTONY, M. M. (1994) Assessing nicotine dependence: a comparison of the Fagerstrom Tolerance Questionnaire (FTQ) with the Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND) in a clinical sample, Addictive Behaviors, 19, 307-317.
7. 7. POMERLEAU, C. S., MAJCHRZAK, M. J. & POMERLEAU, O. F. (1989) Nicotine dependence and the Fagerstrom Tolerance Questionnaire: a brief review, Journal of Substance Abuse, 1, 471-477.
8. 8. POMERLEAU, C. S., POMERLEAU, O. F., MAJCHRZAK, M. J., KLOSKA, D. D. & MALAKUTI, R. (1990) Relationship between nicotine tolerance questionnaire scores and plasma cotinine, Addictive Behaviors, 15, 73-80.
9. 9. ETTER, J. F. & PERNEGER, T. V. (1998) Collecting saliva samples by mail, American Journal of Epidemiology, 147, 141-146.
10. 10. ETTER, J. F., PERNEGER, T. V. & RONCHI, A. (1997) Distributions of smokers by stage: international comparison and association with smoking prevalence, Preventive Medicine, 26, 580-585.
11. 11. PROCHASKA, J. O., DICLEMENTE, C. C. & NORCROSS, J. C. (1992) In search of how people change. Applications to addictive behaviors, American Psychologist, 47, 1102-1114.
12. 12. VELICER, W. F., DICLEMENTE, C. C., PROCHASKA, J. O. & BRANDENBURG, N. (1985) Decisional balance measure for assessing and predicting smoking status, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 48, 1279-1289.
13. 13. PEREZ-STABLE, E. J., BENOWITZ, N. L. & MARIN, G. (1995) Is serum cotinine a better measure of cigarette smoking than self-report? Preventive Medicine, 24, 171-179.
14. 14. ETZEL, R. A. (1990) A review of the use of saliva cotinine as a marker of tobacco smoke exposure, Preventive Medicine, 19, 190-197.
15. 15. GREELEY, D. A., VALOIS, R. F. & BERNSTEIN, D. A. (1992) Stability of salivary cotinine sent through the U.S. mail for verification of smoking status, Addictive Behaviors, 17, 291-296.
16. 16. FOULDS, J., BRYANT, A., STAPPLETON, J., JARVIS, M. J. & RUSSELL, M. A. H. (1994) The stability of cotinine in unfrozen saliva mailed to the laboratory (letter), American Journal of Public Health, 84, 1182-1183.
17. 17. FEYERABEND, C. & RUSSELL, M. A. H. (1990) A rapid gas-liquid chromatographic method for the determination of cotinine and nicotine in biological fluids, Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 42, 450-452.
18. 18. KERLINGER, F. N. (1973) Foundations of Behavioral Research (New York, Holt, Rinehart & Winston).
19. 19. STREINER, D. L. & NORMAN, G. R. (1995) Health Measurement Scales. A practical guide to their development and use, 2nd edn. (Oxford, Oxford University Press).
20. 20. NUNNALLY, J. C. & BERNSTEIN, I. H. (1994) Psychometric Theory, 3rd edn (New York, McGraw-Hill).
21. 21. VELICER, W. F. (1976) Determining the number of components from the matrix of partial correlations, Psychometrika, 41, 321-337.
22. 22. HORN, J. L. (1965) A rationale and test for the number of factors in factor analysis, Psychometrika, 30, 179-185.
23. 23. ZWICK, W. R. & VELICER, W. F. (1986) A comparison of five rules for determining the number of components to retain, Psychological Bulletin, 99, 432-442.
24. 24. HUGHES, J. R., FIESTER, S., GOLDSTEIN, R. G., RESNICK, M. P., ROCK, N. & ZIEDONIS, D. (1996) American Psychiatric Association practice guideline for the treatment of nicotine dependence, American Journal of Psychiatry, 153, S1-S31.
25. 25. US DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES (1988) Nicotine Addiction. A report of the Surgeon General (Washington DC, US Government Printing Office).
26. 26. LATIMER, W. W., WINTERS, K. C. & STINCHFIELD, R. D. (1997) Screening for drug abuse among adolescents in clinical and correctional settings using the problem-oriented screening instrument for teenagers, American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse, 23, 79-98.
27. 27. MCHORNEY, C. A., WARE, J. E. & RACZEK, A. E. (1993) The MOS 36-items short-form health survey (SF-36): II. Psychometric and clinical tests of validity in measuring physical and mental health constructs, Medical Care, 31, 247-263.
28. 28. FAGERSTRÖM, K. O. (1978) Measuring degree of physical dependence to tobacco smoking with reference to individualization of treatment, Addictive Behaviors, 3, 235-241.
29. 29. SPAK, F. & HALLSTROM, T. (1996) Screening for alcohol dependence and abuse in women: description, validation, and psychometric properties of a new screening instrument, SWAG, in a population study, Alcoholism, Clinical and Experimental Research, 20, 723-731.
30. 30. FARKAS, A. J., PIERCE, J. P. & ZHU, S. H. et al. (1996) Addiction versus stages of change models in predicting smoking cessation, Addiction, 91, 1271-1280.
31. 31. SHIFFMAN, S., HICKCOX, M., PATY, J. A., GNYS, M., KASSEL, J. D. & RICHARDS, T. J. (1996) Progression from a smoking lapse to relapse: prediction from abstinence violation effects, nicotine dependence, and lapse characteristics, Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 64, 993-1002.
32. 32. DIJKSTRA, A., BAKKER, M. & DE VRIES, H. (1997) Subtypes within a sample of precontemplating smokers: a preliminary extension of the stages of change, Addictive Behaviors, 22, 327-337.
33. 33. KILLEN, J. D., FORTMANN, S. P., NEWMAN, B. & VARADY, A. (1991) Prospective study of factors influencing the development of craving associated with smoking cessation, Psychopharmacology, 105, 191-196.
34. 34. LOMBARDO, T. W., HUGHES, J. R. & FROSS, J. D. (1988) Failure to support the validity of the Fagerström Tolerance Questionnaire as a measure of physiological tolerance to nicotine, Addictive Behaviors, 13, 87-90.
35. 35. MCNABB, M. E. (1985) Nicotine tolerance questionnaire scores and plasma nicotine: no correlation, Addictive Behaviors, 10, 329-332.
36. 36. LICHTENSTEIN, E. & MERMELSTEIN, R. J. (1986) Some methodological cautions in the use of the Tolerance questionnaire, Addictive Behaviors, 11, 439-442.
37. 37. MOORE, B. L., SCHNEIDER, J. A. & RYAN, J. J. (1987) Fagerström Tolerance Questionnaire: clarification of item and scoring ambiguities, Addictive Behaviors, 12, 67-68.
38. 38. GOSSOP M., DARKE, S. & GRIFFITHS, P. et al. (1995) The Severity of Dependence Scale (SDS): psychometric properties of the SDS in English and Australian samples of heroin, cocaine and amphetamine users, Addiction, 90, 607-614.