Endophytic fungi associated with core rot of apples in South Africa, with specific reference to Alternaria species

Sydowia

Volumn 50, Issue 2, 1998, Pages 257-271

  Serdani, M ^a   Crous, P W ^a   Holz, G ^a   Petrini, O ^b  

^a STELLENBOSCH UNIVERSITY   (South Africa)

^b NONE   (Switzerland)

Author keywords

Alternaria alternata; Apples; Core rot; Fungal endophytes

Indexed keywords

EID: 0032585470     PISSN: 00820598     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (49)

1. Andrews, J. H. & C. M. Kenerley (1980). Microbial populations associated with buds and young leaves of apple. - Can. J. Bot. 58: 847-855.
2. Bashan, Y. (1994). Symptomless infections of Alternaria leaf blight of cotton. -Can. J. Bot. 72: 1580-1585.
3. Blancard, D., M. de la Jamme & J. M. Lemaire (1984). Alternaria disease of tomatoes for canning. - Revue hort. 252: 16-17.
4. Brien, R. M. (1937). The fungi associated with moldy core. - N. Z. J. Agric. 54: 283-286.
5. Carpenter, J. B. (1942). Moldy core of apples in Wisconsin. - Phytopathology 32: 896-900.
6. Carroll, G. (1988). Fungal endophytes in stems and leaves: from latent pathogen to mutualistic symbiont. - Ecology 69: 2-9.
7. Combrink, J. C. (1983). Etiology of core rot in apples. - D. Sc. (Agric) thesis, Univ. Pretoria.
8. -& L. Ginsburg. (1973). Core rot in Starking apples - a preliminary investigation into the origin and control. - Decid. Fruit Grow 23: 16-19.
9. -, J. M. Kotze, & T. R. Visagie (1985a). Colonization of apples by fungi causing core rot. - Hortic. Sci. 2: 9-13.
10. -, J. M. Kotze, F. C. Wehner & C. J. Grobbelaar (1985b). Fungi associated with core rot of starking apples in South Africa. - Phytophylactica 17: 81-83.
11. Crous, P. W., O. Petrini, G. F. Marais, Z. A. Pretorius & F. Rehder (1995). Occurrence of fungal endophytes in cultivars of Triticum aestivum L. in South Africa. - Mycoscience 36: 105-111.
12. De Kock, S. L., T. R. Visagie & J. C. Combrink (1991). Control of core rot in Starking apples. - Decid. fruit Grow. 41: 20-22.
13. Dugan, F. M. & G. R. Roberts (1994). Etiology of preharvest colonization of Bing cherry fruit by fungi. - Phytopathology 84: 1031-1036.
14. Ellis, M. A. & J. G. Barrat (1983). Colonization of Delicious apple fruits by Alternaria spp. and effect of fungicide sprays on moldy-core. - Pl. Dis. 67: 150-152.
15. Fugler, E. (1990). Kernvrotbespuiting nie koste werd. - Landbouwbl. 662: 58-59.
16. Greenacre, M. J. (1990). SimCA Version 2 User's manual. - Greenacre Research, Irene, South Africa.
17. Griffin, G. F. & F. S. Chu (1983). Toxicity of the Alternaria metabolites alternariol, alternariol methyl ether, alternuene and tenuazonic acid in the chicken embryo assay. - Appl. Envir. Microbiol. 46: 1420-1422.
18. Halfon-Meiri, A. & I. Rylski (1983). Internal mold caused in sweet pepper by Alternaria alternata: Fungal ingress. - Phytopathology 73: 67-70.
19. Harrison, K. A. (1935). Mouldy core in Gravenstein apples. - Scient. Agric. 15: 358-369.
20. Harvan, D. J. & R. W. Pero (1976). The structure and toxicity of the Alternaria metabolites. - Adv. Chem. Ser. 149: 344-355.
21. Hata, K. & K. Futai (1996). Variation in fungal endophyte populations in needles of the genus Pinus. - Can. Bot. J. 74: 103-114.
22. Johnson, G. I., A. J. Mead, A. W. Cooke & J. R. Dean (1992). Mango stem end rot pathogens - Fruit infection by endophytic colonization of the inflorescence and pedicel. - Ann. appl. Biol. 120: 225-234.
23. Leuchtman, A. & K. Clay (1988). Experimental infection of host grasses and sedges with Atkinsonella hypoxylon and Balansia cyperi (Balansiae, Clavicipitaceae). - Mycologia 80: 291-297.
24. Liu, G. T., Y. Z. Qian, P. Zhang, Z. Dong, Z. Y. Shi, Y. Z. Zhen, J. Miao & Y. M. Xu (1991). Relationship between Alternaria alternata and oesophageal cancer. -IARC Scient. Pubis 105: 258-262.
25. -, -, -, W. H. Dong, Y M. Qi & H. T. Guo (1992). Etiological role of Alternaria alternata in human oesophageal cancer. - Chin. Med. J. 105: 394-400.
26. Ludwig, J. A. & J. F. Reynolds (1988). Statistical ecology. A primer on methods and computing. - John Wiley & Sons, New York.
27. Luginbühl, M. & E. Müller (1988). Untersuchungen über endophytische Pilze. II. Förderung der Samenkeimung bei Hedera helix durch Aureobasidium pullulans und Epicoccum purpurascens. - Ber. Schweiz. Bot. Ges. 90: 262-267.
28. Marasas, W. F. O. & P. E. Nelson (1987). Mycotoxicology: Introduction to the mycology, plant pathology, chemistry, toxicology, and pathology of naturally occurring mycotoxicoses in animals and man. - The Pennsylvania State University Press, USA.
29. Miller, P. M. (1959). Open calyx tubes as a factor contributing to carpel discoloration and decay of apples. - Phytopathology 49: 520-523.
30. Ozcelik, S. & N. Ozcelik (1990). Interacting effects of time, temperature, pH and simple sugars on biomass and toxic metabolite production by three Alternaria spp. - Mycopathologia 109: 171-175.
31. -, - & L. R. Beuchat (1990). Toxin production by Alternaria alternata in tomatoes and apples stored under various conditions and quantitation of the toxins by high-performance liquid chromatography. - Int. J. Fd Microbiol. 11: 187-194.
32. Pero, R. W., H. Posner, M. Blois, D. Harvan & T. W. Spalding (1973). Toxicity of metabolites produced by Alternaria. - Envir. Hlth Perspect. 6: 87-94.
33. Petrini, L. E., O. Petrini & G. Laflamme (1989). Recovery of endophytes of Abies balsamea from needles and galls of Paradiplosis tumifex. - Phytoprotection 70: 97-103.
34. Pierson, C. F., M. J. Ceponis & L. P. McColloch (1971). Market diseases of apples, pears and quinces. - United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Handbook 376. United States Government Printing Office, Washington.
35. Prusky, D., Z. Gat & P. Burd (1993). Effect of relative humidity during mango growth on the incidence of quiescent infections of Alternaria alternata. -Pl. Dis. 77: 249-252.
36. Raina, G. L., P. S. Bedi & S. Dutt (1971). Occurrence of core rot of apple in nature in the Kulu valley of Himachal Pradesh, India. - Pl. Dis. Reptr 55: 283-284.
37. Riesen, T. K. & R. C. Close (1987). Endophytic fungi in propiconazole-treated and untreated barley leaves. - Mycologia 79: 546-552.
38. Robiglio, A. L. & S. E. Lopez (1995). Mycotoxin production by Alternaria alternata strains isolated from red delicious apples in Argentina. - Fd Microbiology 24: 413-417.
39. Rotem, J. 1994. The genus Alternaria: Biology, epidemiology and pathology. - APS Press, St. Paul, MN, USA.
40. -& H. J. Aust (1991). The effect of ultraviolet and solar radiation and temperature on survival of fungal propagules. - J. Phytopathol. 133: 76-84.
41. Samson, R. A. & E. S. Van Reenen-Hoekstra (1988). Introduction to food-borne fungi, 3 rd. ed. - Centraalbureau voor Schimmelkultures, Delft, Netherlands.
42. Scott, B. & C. Schardl (1993). Fungal symbionts of grasses: evolutionary insights and agricultural potential. - Trends Microbiol. 1: 196-200.
43. Simmons, E. G. & R. G. Roberts (1993). Alternaria themes and variations (73). -Mycotaxon 48: 109-140.
44. Smith, H., M. J. Wingfield, P. W. Crous & T. A. Coutinho (1996). Sphaeropsis sapinea and Botryosphaeria dothidea endophytic in Pinus spp. and Eucalyptus spp. in South Africa. - S. Afr. J. Bot. 62: 86-88.
45. Spotts, R. A. (1988). Moldy core and core rot. - In: Jones, A. L. & H. S. Aldwinckle (eds.). Compendium of apple and pear diseases. APS Press, St. Paul, MN, USA: 29-30
46. Stinson, E. E., S. F. Osman, E. G. Heisler, J. Siciliano & D. D. Bills (1981). Mycotoxin production in whole tomatoes, apples, oranges, and lemons. - J. Agric. Fd Chem. 29: 790-792.
47. Taylor, J. (1955). Apple black rot in Georgia and its control. - Phytopathology 45: 392-398.
48. Vinãs, I., J. Bonet & V. Sanchis (1992). Incidence and mycotoxin production by Alternaria tenuis in decayed apples. - Lttr. appl. Microbiol. 14: 284-287.
49. Webber, J. & J. N. Gibbs (1984). Colonization of elm bark by Phomopsis oblonga. -Trans. Br. mycol. Soc. 82: 348-352.