Microstructural observations of polycrystalline diamond: A contribution to the carbonado conundrum

Earth and Planetary Science Letters

Volumn 164, Issue 3-4, 1998, Pages 421-433

  De, Subarnarekha ^a   Heaney, Peter J ^a,b   Hargraves, Robert B ^a   Vicenzi, Edward P ^b   Taylor, Patrick T ^c  

^a PRINCETON UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b Princeton University   (United States)

^c NASA GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

Carbonado; Diamond; Ultrastructure

Indexed keywords

CARBONADO; DIAMOND; FORMATION MECHANISM;

EID: 0032583373     PISSN: 0012821X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0012-821X(98)00229-5     Document Type: Article

References (64)

1. Trueb L.F., Wys E.C.d. Carbon from Ubangi - microstructural study. Am. Miner. 56:1971;1252-1268.
2. C. Jeynes, Natural polycrystalline diamond, Industr. Diam. Rev. (1978) January, 15-28.
3. Dismukes J.P., Gaines P.R., Witzke H., Leta D.P., Kear B.H., Behal S.K. Demineralization and microstructure of carbonado. Mat. Sci. Eng. A. 105 106:1988;555-563.
4. Wentorf R.H., DeVries R.C., Bundy F.P. Sintered superhard materials. Science. 208:1980;873-880.
5. Lammer A. Mechanical properties of polycrystalline diamond. Mat. Sci. Tech. 4:1988;949-955.
6. Trueb L.F., Butterman W.C. Carbonado: A microstructural study. Am. Miner. 54:1969;412-425.
7. M.B. Kirkley, The origin of diamonds: Earth processes, in: G.E. Harlow (Ed.), The Nature of Diamonds, Cambridge University Press and American Museum of Natural History, 1998, pp. 48-65.
8. Trueb L.F., deWys E.C. Carbonado: Natural polycrystalline diamond. Science. 165:1969;799-802.
9. Ozima M., Tatsumoto M. Radiation-induced diamond crystallization: Origin of carbonados and its implications on meteorite nanodiamonds. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta. 61(2):1997;369-376.
10. Vinogradov A.P., Kropotova O.I., Orlov Y.L., Grinenko V.A. Isotopic composition of diamond and carbonado crystals. Geochem. Int. 3:1966;1123-1125.
11. Mojzsis S.J., Arrhenius G., McKeegan K.D., Harrison T.M., Nutman A.P., Friend C.R.L. Evidence for life on earth before 3,800 million years ago. Nature. 384:1996;55.
12. Galimov E.M., Kaminskiy F.V., Kodina L.A. New data on carbonado carbon isotope compositions. Geochem. Int. 22:1985;18-21.
13. Kirkley M.B., Gurney J.J., Otter M.L., Hill S.J., Daniers L.R. The application of C isotope measurements to the identification of the sources of C in diamonds: A review. Appl. Geochem. 6:1991;477-494.
14. Kamioka H., Shibata K., Kajizuka I., Ohta T. Rare-earth element patterns and carbon isotopic composition of carbonados: Implications for their crustal origin. Geochem. J. 30:1996;180-194.
15. F.V. Kaminsky, Carbonado and yakutite: Properties and possible genesis, in: H.O.A. Meyer, O.H. Leonardos (Eds.), Diamonds: Characterization, Genesis, and Exploration, Proceedings of the Fifth International Kimberlite Conference, 2, 1991, pp. 136-143.
16. Ozima M., Zashu S., Tomura K., Matsuhisa Y. Constraints from noble-gas contents on the origin of carbonado diamonds. Nature. 351:1991;472-474.
17. Kagi H., Takahashi K., Hidaka H., Masuda A. Chemical properties of Central African carbonado and its genetic implication. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta. 58:1994;2629-2638.
18. Smith J.V., Dawson J.B. Carbonado: Diamond aggregates from early impacts of crustal rocks? Geology. 13:1985;342-343.
19. Wentorf R.W., Bovenkerk H.P. On the origin of natural diamonds. Astrophys. J. 134:1961;995.
20. Frantesson Y.V., Kaminsky F.V. Carbonado, a diamond variety of nonkimberlitic origin. Dok. Akad. Nauk. SSSR. 219:1974;117-119.
21. Haggerty S.E. Diamond-carbonado: models for a new meteorite class of circumstellar or solar system origin. Eos. 77(17):1996;S143.
22. Robinson D.N. The characteristics of natural diamond and their interpretation. Mineral. Sci. Eng. 10(2):1978;55-72.
23. Milledge H.J., Shelkov D., Pillinger C.T., Vershovsky A.B. Comparative studies of carbonado, impactite, and other polycrystalline diamond. Eos. 77(17):1996;S143.
24. Daulton T.L., Ozima M. Radiation induced diamond formation in uranium-rich carbonaceous materials. Science. 271:1996;1260-1263.
25. Kaminskiy F.V. Origin of polycrystalline carbonado diamond aggregates. Dokl. Akad. Nauk. SSSR. 294:1987;439.
26. Yezerskiy V.A. High pressure polymorphs produced by the shock transformation of coals. Int. Geol. Rev. 28:1986;221-228.
27. Goresy A.E., Donnay G. A new allotropic form of carbon from the Ries crater. Science. 161:1968;363-364.
28. Hanneman R.E., Strong H.M., Bundy F.P. Hexagonal diamonds in meteorites; implications. Science. 155:1967;995-997.
29. Hough R.M., Gilmour I., Pillinger C.T., Arden J.W., Gilkes R.W.R., Yuan J., Milledge H.J. Diamond and silicon carbide in impact melt rock from the Ries impact crater. Nature. 378:1995;41-44.
30. C. Koeberl, V.L. Masaitis, F. Langenhorst, D. Stöeffler, M. Schrauder, C. Lengauer, I. Gilmour, R.M. Hough, Diamonds from Popigai impact structure, LPS Abstr. 26 (1995) 777-778.
31. 39Ar) ages of 65.0 million years ago form Chicxulub Crater melt rock and Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary tektites. Science. 257:1992;954-958.
32. Hildebrand A.R., Penfield G.T., Kring D.A., Pilkington M., Camargo Z.N., Jacobsen S.B., Boynton W.V. Chicxulub crater; a possible Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary impact crater on the Yucatan Penninsula, Mexico. Geology. 19:1991;867-971.
33. DeCarli P.S. Shock wave synthesis of diamond and other phases. Mat. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. 383:1995;21-31.
34. Jarosewich E., Boatner L.A. Rare earth element reference samples for electron microprobe analysis. Geostand. Newslett. 15:1991;393-399.
35. Moriyoshi Y., Kamo M., Setaka N., Sato Y. The microstructure of natural polycrystal diamond, carbonado and ballas. J. Mat. Sci. 18:1983;217-224.
36. DeVries R.C. Evidence for plastic deformation in the natural polycrystalline diamond, framesite. Mat. Res. Bull. 8:1973;733-742.
37. Britun V.F., Oleynik G.S., Semenenko N.P. Deformation processes during high-pressure sintering of the diamond powders produced by catalytic synthesis. J. Mat. Sci. 27:1992;4472-4476.
38. Malov Y.V. Microstructure of artificial polycrystalline diamonds. Sov. Phys-Cryst. 15:1971;1042-1044.
39. Walmsley J.C., Lang A.R. Transmission electron microscopic observations of deformation and microtwinning in a synthetic diamond compact. J. Mat. Sci. Lett. 2:1983;785-788.
40. De S., Heaney P.J. A microstructural study of carbonado from the Central African Republic. Eos. 77:1996;S143.
41. Gorshkov A.I., Titkov S.V., Pleshakov A.M., Bershov L.V. Inclusions of native metals and other mineral phases into carbonado from the Ubangi region (Central Africa). Geol. Ore Deposits. 38:1996;114-119.
42. Shibata K., Kamioka H., Kaminsky F.V., Koptil V.I., Svisero D.P. Rare earth element patterns of carbonado and yakutite: evidence for their crustal origin. Miner. Mag. 57:1993;607-611.
43. H.W. Green II, Plasticity of olivine in peridotites, in: H.R. Wenk (Ed.), Electron Microscopy in Mineralogy, Springer, Berlin, 1976, pp. 443-464.
44. Heaney P.J., Veblen D.R. An examination of spherulitic dubiomicrofossils in Precambrian banded iron formations using the transmission electron microscope. Precamb. Res. 49:1991;355-372.
45. Shelkov D., Verchovsky A.B., Pillinger C.T., Milledge H.J. Carbonado: More clues to a common impact origin for samples from Brazil and the Central African Republic. Lun. Planet. Sci. Abstr. 26:1995;1281-1282.
46. Van Schmus W.R., Toteu S.F. Were the Congo craton and the San Fransisco craton joined during the fusion of Gondwanaland? Eos. 73:1992;365.
47. Teixeira W., Figueiredo M.C.H. An outline of Early Proterozoic crustal evolution in the São Fransisco craton, Brazil: A review. Precam. Res. 53:1991;1-22.
48. Ledru P., Vera J., Milesi J.P., Tegyey M. Markers of the last stages of the paleoproterozoic collision; evidence for a 2 Ga continent involving circum-South Atlantic provinces. Precam. Res. 69:1994;169-191.
49. Cordani U.G., Neves B.B.B. The geologic evolution of South America during the Archean and Early Proterozoic. Rev. Bras. Geosci. 12(1)(2)(3):1982;78-88.
50. Goltrant O., Cordier P., Doukhan J.C. Planar deformation features in shocked quartz; a transmission electron microscopy investigation. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 106:1991;103-115.
51. Martinez I., Schärer U., Guyot F. Impact-induced phase transformations at 50-60 GPa in continental crust; an EPMA and ATEM study. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 119:1993;207-223.
52. Feldman V.I. The conditions of shock metamorphism, in: B.O. Dressler, R.A.F. Grieve, V.L. Sharpton (Eds.), Large Meteorite Impacts and Planetary Evolution. GSA Spec. Pap. 293:1994;121-132.
53. Koeberl C., Masaitis V.L., Shafranovsky G.I., Schrauder M., Gilmour I., Langenhorst F. Diamonds from the Popoigai impact structure, Russia. Geology. 25(11):1997;967-970.
54. Hough R.M., Gilmour I., Pillinger C.T., Langenhorst F., Montanari A. Diamonds from the iridium-rich K-T boundary layer at Arroyo el Mimbral, Tamaulipas, Mexico. Geology. 25(11):1997;1019-1022.
55. N.A. Liddell, P.P. Phakey, H.-R. Wenk, The Microstructure of Some Naturally Deformed Quartzites, Springer, Berlin, 1976, 419-427 pp.
56. Essene E.J., Fisher D.C. Lightning strike fusion: Extreme reduction and metal-silicate liquid immiscibility. Science. 234:1986;189-193.
57. Mathez E.A., Fogel R.A., Hutcheon I.D., Marshintsev V.K. Carbon isotopic composition and origin of SiC from kimberlites of Yakutia. Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta. 59:1995;781-791.
58. McCammon C., Hutchinson M., Harris J. Ferric iron content of mineral inclusions in diamonds from Sao Luiz. Science. 278:1997;434-436.
59. Leung I.S. Silicon carbide cluster trapped in a diamond from Fuxian, China. Am. Miner. 75:1990;1110-1119.
60. Dick H.J.B. Terrestrial nickel-iron from the josephinite peridotite, its geological occurrence, association, and origin. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 24:1974;291-298.
61. Gorshkov A.I., Bao Y.N., Bershov L.V., Ryabchikov I.D., Sivtsov A.V., Lapina M.L. Inclusions of native metals and other minerals in diamond from kimberlitic pipe 50, Liaoning, China. Geochem. Int. 35(8):1997;695-703.
62. Girdler R.W., Taylor P.T., Frawley J.J. A possible impact origin for the Bangui magnetic anomaly (Central Africa). Tectonophysics. 212:1992;45-58.
63. 2O systems. Nature. 385:1997;513-515.
64. Li Y., Qian Y., Liao H., Ding Y., Yang L., Xu C., Li F., Zhou G. A reduction-pyrolysis-catalysis synthesis of diamond. Science. 281:1998;246-247.