Detecting and describing heterogeneity in meta-analysis

Statistics in Medicine

Volumn 17, Issue 8, 1998, Pages 841-856

  Hardy, Rebecca J ^a   Thompson, Simon G ^b  

^a ROYAL FREE AND UNIVERSITY COLLEGE MEDICAL SCHOOL   (United Kingdom)

^b IMPERIAL COLLEGE LONDON   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADULT; ANTIHYPERTENSIVE THERAPY; ARTICLE; BLOOD PRESSURE MEASUREMENT; CLINICAL TRIAL; FEMALE; HUMAN; INFORMATION PROCESSING; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; META ANALYSIS; METHODOLOGY; MULTICENTER STUDY; SIMULATION;

ADULT; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES; FEMALE; HUMANS; HYPERTENSION; LIKELIHOOD FUNCTIONS; MALE; META-ANALYSIS; MIDDLE AGED; MODELS, STATISTICAL; NORMAL DISTRIBUTION; PROBABILITY; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIALS;

EID: 0032580372     PISSN: 02776715     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0258(19980430)17:8<841::AID-SIM781>3.0.CO;2-D     Document Type: Article

References (30)

1. Greenland, S. 'Quantitative methods in the review of epidemiologic literature', Epidemiology Review, 9, 1-30 (1987).
2. Jenicek, M. 'Meta-analysis in medicine: Where we are and where we want to go', Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, 42, 35-44 (1989).
3. Thompson, S. G. 'Why sources of heterogeneity in meta-analysis should be investigated', British Medical Journal, 309, 1351-1355 (1994).
4. Thompson, S. G. 'Controversies in meta-analysis: The case of trials of serum cholesterol reduction', Statistical Methods in Medical Research, 2, 173-192 (1993).
5. DerSimonian, R. and Laird, N. M. 'Meta-analysis in clinincal trials', Controlled Clinical Trials, 7, 177-188 (1986).
6. Spector, T. D. and Thompson, S. G. 'The potential and limitations of meta-analysis', Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health, 45, 89-92 (1991).
7. Berlin, J. A., Laird, N. M., Sacks, H. S. and Chalmers, T. C. 'A comparison of statistical methods for combining event rates from clinical trials', Statistics in Medicine, 8, 154-176 (1989).
8. Thompson, S. G. and Pocock, S. J. 'Can meta-analysis be trusted?', Lancet, 338, 1127-1130 (1991).
9. Woolf, B. 'On estimating the relation between blood group and disease', Annals of Human Genetics, 19, 251-253 (1995).
10. Rothman, K. J. Modern Epidemiology, Little, Brown and Company, Boston, 1986.
11. Jones, M. P., O'Gorman, T. W., Lemke, J. H. and Woolson, R. F. 'A Monte Carlo investigation of homogeneity tests of the odds ratio under various sample size configurations', Biometrics, 45, 171-181 (1989).
12. Paul, S. R. and Donner, A. 'Small sample performance of tests of homogeneity of odds ratios in K 2 × 2 tables', Statistics in Medicine, 11, 159-165 (1992).
13. Paul, S. R. and Donner, A. 'A comparison of tests of homogeneity of odds ratios in K 2 × 2 tables', Statistics in Medicine, 8, 1455-1468 (1989).
14. Hardy, R. J. and Thompson, S. G. 'A likelihood approach to meta-analysis with random effects', Statistics in Medicine, 15, 619-629 (1996).
15. Blom, G. Statistical Estimates and Transformed Beta Variables, Wiley, New York, 1958.
16. Shapiro, S. S. and Francia, R. S. 'An approximate analysis of variance test for normality', Journal of the American Statistical Association, 67, 215-216 (1972).
17. Royston, P. 'A toolkit for testing for non-normality in complete and censored samples', Statistician, 42, 37-43 (1993).
18. Stephens, M. A. 'EDF statistics for goodness of fit and some comparisons', Journal of the American Statistical Association, 69, 730-737 (1974).
19. Medical Research Council Working Party, 'MRC trial of treatment of mild hypertension: Principal results', British Medical Journal, 291, 97-104 (1985).
20. Skene, A. M. and Wakefield, J. C. 'Hierarchical models for multicentre binary response studies', Statistics in Medicine, 9, 919-929 (1990).
21. Raghunathan, T. E. and Yoichi II. 'Analysis of binary data from a multicentre clinical trial', Biometrika, 80, 127-139 (1993).
22. Breslow, N. E. and Day, N. E. Statistical Methods in Cancer Research, I. The Analysis of Case-Control Studies, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, 1980.
23. Liang, K. Y. and Self, S. G. Tests for homogeneity of odds ratio when the data are sparse', Biometrika, 71, 305-313 (1984).
24. Ewertz, M., Duffy, S. W., Adami, H-O., Kvale, G., Lund, E., Meirik, O., Mellemgaard, A., Soiri, I. and Tulinius, H. 'Age at first birth, parity and risk of breast cancer: A meta-analysis of 8 studies from Nordic countries', International Journal of Cancer, 46, 597-603 (1990).
25. Hardy, R. J. Meta-analysis techniques in medical reserch: A statistical perspective, PhD thesis, London University, 1995.
26. van Houwelingen, H. C., Zwinderman, K. H. and Stijnen, T. 'A bivariate approach to meta-analysis', Statistics in Medicine, 12, 2273-2284 (1993).
27. Cytel Software Corporation, StatXact User Manual (Version 2), Cambridge, USA, 1991.
28. Demster, A. P. and Ryan, L. M. 'Weighted normal plots', Journal of the American Statistical Association, 80, 845-850 (1985).
29. Galbraith, R. F. 'A note on graphical presentation of estimated odds ratios from several clinical trials', Statistics in Medicine, 7, 889-894 (1988).
30. Smith, T., Spiegelhalter, D. J. and Thomas, A. 'Bayesian graphical modelling for random effects meta-analysis: A comparative study', Statistics in Medicine, 14, 2685-2699 (1995).