Changes in the West Antarctic Ice Sheet since 1963 from declassified satellite photography

Science

Volumn 279, Issue 5351, 1998, Pages 689-692

  Bindschadler, Robert ^a   Vornberger, Patricia ^b  

^a NASA GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CENTER   (United States)

^b GENERAL SCIENCES CORPORATION   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ICE;

ICE SHEET; REMOTE SENSING; SATELLITE IMAGERY;

ANTARCTICA; ARTICLE; GEOGRAPHY; PHOTOGRAPHY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; TELECOMMUNICATION;

ANTARCTICA;

EID: 0032579395     PISSN: 00368075     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1126/science.279.5351.689     Document Type: Article

References (21)

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3. M. Stuiver, G. H. Denton, T. J. Hughes, J. L. Fastook, in The Last Great Ice Sheets, G. H. Denton and T. J. Hughes, Eds. (Wiley-Interscience, New York, 1981), pp. 319-428; B. Hall, thesis, University of Maine (1997).
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5. Crary Ice Rise is not a true ice rise because it is encompassed by grounded ice. However, the discovery of lightly grounded ice surrounding the ice rise was made after the feature was named.
6. On 22 February 1995, Presidential Executive Order 12951 declassified all intelligence photography collected before 1972 and ordered copies held at both the U.S. Archives and the USGS's Eros Data Center. The USGS operates a Web site-accessible database (http://edcwww.cr.usgs.gov/webglis) for online searches, browse image review, and product ordering.
7. The data available at http://TerraWeb.wr.usgs.gov/ TRS/projects/Antarctica/AVHRR have been mapped into a polar stereographic projection.
8. R. A. Bindschadler, J. Glaciol. 39, 538 (1993).
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10. C. J. Van der Veen and I. M. Whillans, ibid. 23, 129 (1996); P. Jacobson and C. F. Raymond, J. Geophys. Res., in press.
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12. K. Echelmeyer, personal communication.
13. T. Clarke, personal communication.
14. R. A. Bindschadler, S. N. Stephenson, E. P. Roberts, D. R. MacAyeal, D. R. Lindstrom, NASA Technical Memorandum 100708 (1988).
15. S. N. Stephenson and R. A. Bindschadler, Nature 334, 695 (1988).
16. This conclusion is based on published velocities [R. H. Thomas, D. R. MacAyeal, D. H. Eilers, D. R. Gaylord, Antarct. Res. Ser. 42, 21 (1984)].
17. R. A. Bindschadler et al., Ann. Glaciol. 11, 8 (1988).
18. Oblique aerial photographs of Mission 8 examined at the SCAR Library, USGS National Center, Reston VA.
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20. R. B. Alley, S. Anandakrishnan, C. R. Bentley, N. Lord, Ann. Glaciol. 20, 187 (1994).
21. We wish to thank U.S. Vice President Albert Gore and former Central Intelligence Agency Director Robert Gates for initiating the effort that led to the declassification of the photography used in this research. Two anonymous reviewers contributed useful comments. Supported under NSF grant OPP-9616394.