Components of gut bacteria as immunomodulators

International Journal of Food Microbiology

Volumn 41, Issue 2, 1998, Pages 141-154

  Hamann, Lutz ^a   El Samalouti, Volker ^a   Ulmer, Artur J ^a   Flad, Hans Dieter ^a   Rietschel, Ernst Th ^a  

^a RESEARCH CENTER BORSTEL   (Germany)

Author keywords

Immune system; Lipopolysaccharide; Peptidoglycan; Sepsis; Signal transduction

Indexed keywords

BACTERIUM LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE; PEPTIDOGLYCAN;

BACTERIAL CELL WALL; BACTERIAL FLORA; CELL STIMULATION; GRAM NEGATIVE BACTERIUM; IMMUNE SYSTEM; IMMUNOCOMPETENT CELL; IMMUNOMODULATION; INTESTINE FLORA; PROTEIN STRUCTURE; REVIEW; SEPSIS; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION; STRUCTURE ACTIVITY RELATION;

BACTERIA (MICROORGANISMS); NEGIBACTERIA;

EID: 0032568622     PISSN: 01681605     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0168-1605(98)00047-6     Document Type: Article

References (76)

1. Azuma I. Inducer of cytokines in vivo: Overview of the field and romurtide experience. Int. J. Immunopharmacol. 14:1992;487-496.
2. Baeuerle P.A., Henkel T. Function and activation of NF-κB in the immune system. Annu. Rev. Immunol. 12:1994;141-179.
3. Baeuerle P.A., Baltimore D. NF-κB: Ten years after. Cell. 87:1996;13-20.
4. Beaty C.D., Franklin T.L., Uehara Y., Wilson C.B. Lipopolysaccharide induced cytokine production in human monocytes: Role of tyrosine phosphorylation in transmembrane signal transduction. Eur. J. Immunol. 24:1994;1278-1284.
5. Bevilacqua M.P., Pober J.S., Mendrick D.L., Cotran R.S., Gimbrone M.A. Identification of an inducible endothelial-leukocyte adhesion molecule. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 84:1987;9238-9242.
6. Brandtzaeg P. Significance and pathogenesis of septic shock. Curr. Top. Microbiol. Immunol. 216:1996;15-37.
7. Bufler P., Stiegler G., Schuchmann M., Hess S., Krüger C., Stelter F., Eckerskorn C., Schütt C., Engelmann H. Soluble lipopolysaccharide receptor (CD14) is released via two different mechanism from human monocytes and CD14 transfectants. Eur. J. Immunol. 25:1995;604-610.
8. Chatterjee D., Roberts A.D., Lowell K., Brennan P.J., Orme I.M. Structural basis of capacity of lipoarabinomannan to induce secretion of tumor necrosis factor. Infect. Immun. 60:1992;1249-1253.
9. Cordle S.R., Donald R., Read M.A., Hawiger J. Lipopolysaccharide induces phosphorylation of MAD3 and activation of c-Rel and NF-κB related proteins in human monocytic THP-1 cells. J. Biol. Chem. 268:1993;11803-11810.
10. Davis R.J. The mitogen-activated protein kinase signal transduction pathway. J. Biol. Chem. 268:1993;14553-14556.
11. Dokter W.H.A., Dijkstra A.J., Koopmans S.B., Stulp B.K., Keck W., Halie M.R., Vellenga E. G(Anh)MTetra, a natural bacterial cell wall breakdown product, induces interleukin-1β and interleukin-6 expression in human monocytes. J. Biol. Chem. 269:1994;4201-4206.
12. Dziarski R. Demonstration of peptidoglycan-binding sites on lymphocytes and macrophages by photoaffinity cross-linking. J. Biol. Chem. 266:1991;4713-4718.
13. 2-terminal kinase mitogen-activated protein kinases by bacterial peptidoglycan. J. Infect. Dis. 174:1996;777-785.
14. Espevik T., Otterlei M., Skajak-Braek G., Ryan L., Wright S.D., Sundan A. The involvement of CD14 in stimulation of cytokine production by uronic acid polymers. Eur. J. Immunol. 23:1993;255-261.
15. Flegel W.A., Baumstark M.W., Weinstock C., Berg A., Northoff H. Prevention of endotoxin-induced monokine release by human low- and high-density lipoproteins and by apolipoprotein A-I. Infect. Immun. 61:1993;5140-5146.
16. Frey E.A., Miller D.S., Jahr T.G., Sundan A., Bazil V., Espevik T., Finlay B.B., Wright S.D. Soluble CD14 participates in the response of cells to lipopolysaccharide. J. Exp. Med. 176:1992;1665-1671.
17. Galanos C., Lüderitz O., Rietschel E.T., Westphal O., Brade H., Brade L., Freudenberg M.A., Schade F.U., Imoto M., Yoshimura S., Kusomoto S., Shiba T. Synthetic and natural Escherichia coli free lipid A express identical endotoxic activities. Eur. J. Biochem. 148:1985;1-5.
18. Gallay P., Heumann D., Le Roy D., Barras C., Glauser M.P. Mode of action of anti-lipopolysaccharide-binding protein antibodies for prevention of endotoxemic shock in mice. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 91:1994;7922-7926.
19. Geng Y., Zhang B., Lotz M. Protein tyrosin kinase activation is required for lipopolysaccharide induction of cytokines in human blood monocytes. J. Immunol. 151:1993;6692-6700.
20. Glauner B., Höltje J.V., Schwarz U. The composition of the murein of Escherichia coli. J. Biol. Chem. 263:1988;10088-10095.
21. Golenbock D., Liu Y., Millham F., Freeman M., Zoeller R.A. Surface expression of human CD14 in chinese hamster ovary fibroblasts imparts macrophage-like responses to bacterial endotoxin. J. Biol. Chem. 268:1993;22055-22059.
22. Gupta D., Jin Y.-p., Dziarski R. Peptidoglycan induces transcription and secretion of TNFα and activation of Lyn, extracellular signal-regulated kinase, and Rsk signal transduction proteins in mouse macrophages. J. Immunol. 155:1995;2620-2630.
23. Gupta D., Kirkland T.N., Viriyakosol S., Dziarski R. CD14 is a cell-activating receptor for bacterial peptidoglycan. J. Biol. Chem. 271:1996;23310-23316.
24. Hambleton J., Weinstein S., Lem L., DeFranco A.L. Activation of c-jun N-terminal kinase in bacterial lipopolysaccharide-stimulated macrophages. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 93:1996;2774-2778.
25. Han J., Jiang Y., Li Z., Kravchenko V.V., Ulevitch R.J. Activation of the transcription factor MEFC2 by the MAP kinase p38 in inflamation. Nature. 386:1997;296-299.
26. Harz H., Burgdorf K., Höltje J.V. Isolation and separation of the glycan strands from murine of Escherichia coli by reversed-phased high performance chromatography. Anal. Biochem. 190:1990;120-128.
27. Ingalls R.R., Golenbock T.D. CD11c/CD18, a transmembrane signalling receptor for lipopolysaccharide. J. Exp. Med. 181:1995;1473-1479.
28. Jenny N.V., Günther E., Jann K. Mitogenic stimulation of murine spleen cells: Relation to susceptibility to Salmonella infection. Infect. Immun. 15:1977;26-32.
29. Joseph C.K., Wright S.D., Bornmann W.G., Randolph J.T., Kumar E.R., Bittmann R., Liu J., Kolesnick R.N. Bacterial lipopolysaccharide has structural similarity to ceramide and stimulates ceramide-activated protein kinase in myeloid cells. J. Biol. Chem. 269:1994;17606-17610.
30. Juan T.C., Hailman E., Kelly M.J., Busse L.A., Davy E., Empig C.J., Narhi L.O., Wright S.D., Lichenstein H.S. Identification of a lipopolysaccharide binding domain in CD14 between amino acid 57 and 64. J. Biol. Chem. 270:1995;5219-5224.
31. Karin M., Hunter T. Transcriptional control by protein phosphorylation: Signal transmission from the cell surface to the nucleus. Curr. Biol. 5:1995;747-757.
32. Kirkland T.N., Finley F., Leturcq D., Moriarty A., Lee J.D., Ulevitch R.J., Tobias P.S. Analysis of lipopolysaccharide binding by CD14. J. Biol. Chem. 268:1993;24818-24823.
33. Kitchens R.L., Ulevitch R.J., Munford R.S. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) partial structures inhibit response to LPS in a human macrophage cell line without inhibiting LPS uptake by a CD14-mediated pathway. J. Exp. Med. 176:1992;485-494.
34. Kotani S., Tsujimoto M., Koga T., Nago S., Tanaka A., Kawata S. Chemical structure and biological activity relationship of bacterial cell walls and muramyl peptides. Fed. Proc. 45:1986;2534-2540.
35. Lederer, E., Chedid, L., 1982. Immunomodulation by synthetic muramyl peptides and trehalose diesters. In: Mihich, E. (Ed.), Immunological Approaches to Cancer Therapeutics. New Approaches to Cancer Therapeutics. Wiley, New York, pp. 107-135.
36. Lee J.D., Kato K., Tobias P.S., Kirkland T.N., Ulevitch R.J. Transfection of CD14 into 70Z/3 cells dramatically enhances the sensitivity to complexes of lipopolysaccaride (LPS) and LPS-binding protein. J. Exp. Med. 175:1992;1697-1705.
37. Liu M.K., Herrera-Velit T., Brownsey R.W., Reiner N.E. CD14-dependent activation of protein kinase C and mitogen activated kinases (p42 and p44) in human monocytes treated with bacterial lipopolysaccharide. J. Exp. Med. 153:1994;2642-2652.
38. Loppnow, H., Rietschel, E.T., Brade, H., Feist, W., Wang, M.H., Heine, H., Kirikae, T., Schönbeck, U., Dürrbaum-Landmann, I., Grage-Griebenow, E., Brandt, E., Schade, F.U., Ulmer, A.J., Campos-Portugues, S., Krauss, J., Mayer, H., Flad, H.D., 1993. Lipid A precursor Ia and Rhodobacter capsulatus LPS: Potent endotoxin antagonists. In: Levin, J. (Ed.), Endotoxin Research Series, Vol. 2. Excerpta Medica-Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp. 337-348.
39. Loppnow, H., 1994. LPS, recIL1 and smooth muscle cell-IL1 activate vascular cells by specific mechanisms. In: Levin, J., van Deventer, S.J.H., van der Poll, T. (Eds.), Bacterial Endotoxins: Basic Science to Anti-sepsis Strategies. Wiley-Liss, New York, pp. 309-321.
40. Loppnow H., Stelter F., Schönbeck U., Schlüter C., Ernst M., Schütt C., Flad H.D. Endotoxin activates human vascular smooth muscle cells despite lack of expression of CD14 mRNA or endogenous membrane CD14. Infect. Immun. 63:1995;1020-1026.
41. Mannel D.M., Ruschoff J., Orosz P. The role of TNF in tumor growth and metastasis. Res. Immunol. 144:1993;364-369.
42. Meng F., Lowell C.A. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced macrophage activation and signal transduction in the absence of src-family kinases hck, fgr, and lyn. J. Exp. Med. 185:1997;1661-1670.
43. Müller J.M., Ziegler-Heitbrock H.W., Baeuerle P.A. Nuclear factor kappa B, a mediator of lipopolysaccharide effects. J. Immunobiol. 187:1993;232-256.
44. Nakajima T., Kinoshita S., Sasgawa T., Sasaki K., Naruto M., Kishimoto M., Akira S. Phosphorylation of threonine-235 by a ras-dependent mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade is essential for transcription factor NF-IL-6. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 90:1993;2207-2211.
45. Nathan C.F. Secretory products of macrophages. J. Clin. Invest. 79:1987;319-323.
46. Nogare D. Southwestern international medicine conference: Septic shock. Am. J. Med. Sci. 302:1991;50-65.
47. Pajkrt D. Attenuation of proinflammatory response by recombinant human IL-10 in human endotoxemia: Effects of timing of recombinant human IL-10 administration. J. Immunol. 158:1997;3971-3977.
48. Pelech S.L., Charest D.L., Mordert G.P., Siow Y.l., Papaty C., Campbell D., Charlton L., Samiei M., Sanghera J.S. Networking with mitogen-activated kinases. Mol. Cell. Biochem. 127:1993;128-157.
49. Pugin J., Schürer-Maly C.C., Leturcq D., Moriarty A., Ulevitch R.J., Tobias P.S. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) activation of human endothelial and epithelial cells is mediated by LPS-binding protein and soluble CD14. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 90:1993;2744-2748.
50. Rietschel, E.T., Brade, L., Schade, U., Seydel, U., Zähringer, U., Kusomoto, S., Brade, H., 1988. Bacterial endotoxins: Properties and structure of biologically active domains. In: Schrinner, E., Richmond, M.H., Seibert, G., Schwarz, U. (Eds.), Surface Structures of Microorganisms and Their Interaction With the Mammalian Host. Verlag Chemie, Weinheim, pp. 1-41.
51. Rietschel E.T., Brade H. Bacterial endotoxins. Sci. Am. 267:1992;54-61.
52. Rietschel E.T., Kirikae T., Schade F.U., Mamat U., Schmidt G., Loppnow H., Ulmer A.J., Zähringer U., Seydel U., Di Padova F. Bacterial endotoxin: Molecular relationships of structure to activity and function. FASEB J. 8:1994;217-225.
53. Rietschel E.T., Brade H., Holst O., Brade L., Müller-Loennies S., Mamat U., Zähringer U., Beckmann F., Seydel U., Brandenburg K., Ulmer A.J., Mattern T., Schade U.F., Di Padova F., Kusumoto S., Schumann R.R. Bacterial endotoxin: Chemical constitution, biological recognition, host response, and immunological detoxification. Curr. Top. Microbiol. Immunol. 216:1996;39-81.
54. Schletter J., Brade H., Brade L., Krüger C., Loppnow H., Kusomoto S., Rietschel E.T., Flad H.D., Ulmer A.J. Binding of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to an 80 kDa membrane protein of human cells is mediated by soluble CD14 and LPS-binding protein. Infect. Immun. 63:1995;2576-2580.
55. Schromm A.B., Brandenburg K., Rietschel E.Th., Flad H.-D., Carroll S.F., Seydel U. Lipopolysaccharide-binding protein mediates CD14-independent intercalation of lipopolysaccharide into phospholipid membranes. FEBS Lett. 399:1996;267-271.
56. Schumann R.R., Leong S.R., Flaggs G.W., Gray P.W., Wright S.D., Mathison J.C., Tobias P.S., Ulevitch R.J. Structure and function of lipopolysaccharide-binding protein. Science. 249:1990;1429-1431.
57. Schwab, J.H., 1977. Modulation of the immune response by bacteria. In: Schlessinger, D. (Ed.), Microbiology - 1977. American Society for Microbiology, Washington, DC, pp. 366-373.
58. Seydel U., Labischinsky H., Kastowsky M., Brandenburg K. Phase behavior, supramolecular structure, and molecular conformation of lipopolysaccharide. Immunobiology. 187:1993;191-211.
59. Shalaby M.R., Waage A., Espevik T. Cytokine regulation of interleukin 6 production by human endothelial cells. Cell. Immunol. 121:1989;372-382.
60. Spengler R.N., Spengler M.L., Lincoln P., Remick D.G., Strieter R.M., Kunkel S.L. Dynamics of dibutyryl cyclic AMP- and prostaglandin E2-mediated suppression of lipopolysaccharide-induced tumor necrosis factor alpha gene expression. Infect. Immun. 57:1989;2837-2842.
61. Stefanova I., Corcoran M.L., Horak E.M., Wahl L.M., Bolen J.B., Horak I.D. Lipopolysaccharide induces activation of CD14 associated protein tyrosin kinase p53/56 lyn. J. Biol. Chem. 269:1993;2241-2244.
62. Stelter F., Bernheiden M., Menzel R., Jack R.S., Witt S., Fan X., Pfister M., Schütt C. Mutation of amino acids 39-44 of human CD14 abrogates binding of lipopolysaccharide and Escherichia coli. Eur. J. Biochem. 243:1997;100-109.
63. Stimpson, S.A., Esse, R.E., Cormartie, W.J., Schwab, J.H., 1986a. Lipopolysaccharide-induced recurrence of arthritis initiated by peptidoglycan-polysaccharide. In: Szentivanyi, A., Friedman, H., Nowotny, A. (Eds.), Immunobiology and Immunopharmacology of Bacterial Endotoxins. Plenum press, New York, pp. 449-454.
64. Stimpson, S.A., Schwab, J.H., Janusz, M.J., Anderle, S.K., Brown, R.R., Cromartie, W.J., 1986b. Acute and chronic inflammation induced by peptidoglycan structures and polysaccharide complexes. In: Seidl, P.H., Schleifer, K.H. (Eds.), Biological Properties of Peptidoglycan. W. de Gruyter, New York, pp. 273-290.
65. Sturgill T.W., Ray L.B., Erikson E., Maller J.L. Insulin-stimulated MAP-2 kinase phosphorylates and activates protein S6 kinase II. Nature. 334:1988;715-718.
66. Takayama K., Mitchell D.H., Din Z.Z., Mukerjee P., Li C., Coleman D.L. Monomeric Re lipopolysaccharide from Escherichia coli is more active than the aggregated form in the limulus amebocyte lysate assay and in inducing egr-1 mRNA in murine peritoneal macrophages. J. Biol. Chem. 269:1994;2241-2244.
67. Ulevitch R.J., Tobias P.S. Recognition of endotoxin by cells leading to transmembrane signalling. Curr. Opin. Immunol. 6:1994;125-130.
68. Vita N., Lefort S., Sozzani P., Reeb R., Richards S., Borysiewicz L.K., Ferrara P., Labeta M.O. Detection and biochemical characteristics of the receptor for complexes of soluble CD14 and bacterial lipopolysaccharide. J. Immunol. 158:1997;3457-3462.
69. Weidemann B., Brade H., Rietschel E.T., Dziarski R., Bazil V., Kusomoto S., Flad H.D., Ulmer J.A. Soluble peptidoglycan-induced monokine production can be blocked by anti-CD14 monoclonal antibodies and by lipid A partial structures. Infect. Immun. 62:1994;4709-4715.
70. Weidemann B., Schletter J., Dziarski R., Kusomoto S., Stelter F., Rietschel E.T., Flad H.D., Ulmer A.J. Specific binding of soluble peptidoglycan and muramyldipeptide to CD14 on human monocytes. Infect. Immun. 65:1997;858-864.
71. Weinstein S.L., Sanghera J.S., Lemke K., DeFranco A.L., Pelech S.L. Bacterial lipopolysaccharide induces tyrosin phosphorylation and activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases in macrophages. J. Biol. Chem. 267:1992;14955-14962.
72. Wright S.D., Jong M.T.C. Adhesion-promoting receptors on human macrophages recognize E. coli by binding to lipopolysaccharide. J. Exp. Med. 164:1986;1876-1888.
73. Wright S.D., Ramos R.A., Tobias P.S., Ulevitch R.J., Mathison J.C. CD14, a receptor for complexes of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and LPS binding protein. Science. 249:1990;1431-1433.
74. Wright S.D. Multiple receptors for endotoxin. Curr. Opin. Immunol. 3:1991;83-90.
75. Wurfel M.M., Kunitake S.T., Lichenstein H., Kane J.P., Wright S.D. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-binding protein is carried on lipoproteins and acts as a cofactor in the neutralization of LPS. J. Exp. Med. 180:1994;1025-1035.
76. Zähringer U., Lindner B., Rietschel E.T. Molecular structure of lipid A, the endotoxic center of bacterial lipopolysaccharide. Adv. Carbohydr. Chem. Biochem. 50:1994;211-276.