Conospermeae (Proteoideae) pollen morphology and its phylogenetic implications

Australian Systematic Botany

Volumn 11, Issue 3-4, 1998, Pages 503-552

  Milne, Lynne A ^a,b   Martin, A R H ^c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF QUEENSLAND   (Australia)

^b UNIVERSITY OF WESTERN AUSTRALIA   (Australia)

^c UNIVERSITY OF SYDNEY   (Australia)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

FOSSIL RECORD; MORPHOLOGY; PHYLOGENETICS; POLLEN;

AGASTACHYS; AULAX; BEAUPREA; BEAUPREOPSIS; BELLENDENA; CENARRHENES; CONOSPERMEAE; CONOSPERMUM; DILOBEIA; ISOPOGON; PETROPHILE; STIRLINGIA; SYMPHIONEMA; SYNAPHEA;

EID: 0032564295     PISSN: 10301887     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1071/sb97035     Document Type: Article

References (104)

1. Alley, N. F., and Beecroft, A. (1993). Foraminiferal and palynological evidence from the Pidinga Formation and its bearing on Eocene sea level events and palaeochannel activity, eastern Eucla Basin, South Australia. Association of Australasian Palaeontologists Memoir 15, 375-393.
2. Bennett, E. M. (1995). Conospermum. In 'Flora of Australia'. Vol. 16. (Ed. P. McCarthy.) pp. 224-271. (CSIRO Australia: Melbourne.)
3. Bentham, B. (1870). 'Flora Australiensis 5.' (Reive: London.)
4. Bint, A. N. (1981). An early Pliocene pollen assemblage from Lake Tay, south-western Australia, and its phytogeographic implications. Australian Journal of Botany 29, 277-291.
5. Brown, R. (1810). On the Proteaceae of Jussieu. Transactions of the Linnean Society of London 10, 67-226.
6. Carpenter, R. J., and Pole, M. (1995). Eocene plant fossil from the Lefroy and Cowan paleodrainages. Western Australia. Australian Systematic Botany 8, 1107-1154.
7. Chaloner, W. G. (1976). The evolution of adaptive features in fossil exines. In 'The Evolutionary Significance of the Exine'. (Eds I. K. Ferguson and J. Muller.) pp. 1-14. (Academic Press: London.)
8. Cookson, I. C. (1950). Fossil pollen grains of proteaceous type from Tertiary deposits in Australia. Australian Journal of Scientific Research Series B 3, 166-177.
9. Cookson, I. C. (1964). Some early angiosperms from Australia. The pollen record. In 'Ancient Pacific Floras'. (Ed. L. M. Cranwell.) pp. 81-84. (University of Hawaii Press: Hawaii.)
10. Cookson, I. C., and Erdtman, G. (1952). Proteaceae. In 'Pollen Morphology and Plant Taxonomy. Angiosperms'. (Ed. G. Erdtman.) pp. 339-369. (Almqvist and Wiksell: Stockholm.)
11. Cookson, I. C., and Pike, K. M. (1954). Some dicotyledonous pollen types from Cainozoic deposits in the Australian region. Australian Journal of Botany 2, 197-219.
12. Couper, R. A. (1960). New Zealand Mesozoic and Cainozoic plant microfossils. New Zealand Geological Survey, Paleontological Bulletin 32, 1-87.
13. Dettmann, M. E., and Jarzen, D. M. (1988). Angiosperm pollen from uppermost Cretaceous strata of southeastern Australia and the Antarctic Peninsula. Association of Australasian Palaeontologists Memoir 5, 217-237.
14. Dettmann, M. E., and Jarzen, D. M. (1990). The Antarctic/Australian rift valley: Late Cretaceous cradle of northeastern Australian relicts? Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 65, 131-144.
15. Dettmann, M. E., and Jarzen, D. M. (1991). Pollen evidence for Late Cretaceous differentiation of Proteaceae in southern polar forests. Canadian Journal of Botany 69, 901-906.
16. Dettmann, M. E., and Jarzen, D. M. (1996). Pollen of proteaceous-type from the latest Cretaceous sediments, southeastern Australia. Alcheringa 20, 103-160.
17. Dilcher, D. L. (1979). Early angiosperm reproduction: an introductory report. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 27, 291-328.
18. Douglas, A. W., and Hyland, B. P. M. (1995). Eidotheoideae. In 'Flora of Australia'. Vol. 16. (Ed. P. McCarthy.) pp. 127-129. (CSIRO Australia: Melbourne.)
19. Dudgeon, M. J. (1983). Eocene pollen of probable proteaceous affinity from the Yaamba Basin, central Queensland. Association of Australasian Palaeontologists Memoir 1, 339-362.
20. Endlicher, S. (1837). 'Genera Plantarum Secundum Ordines Naturales Disposita. Fas. 5.' (F. Beck: Vienna.)
21. Engler, A. (1894). Proteaceae. In 'Die Natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien'. Teil 3, pp. 119-155. (Engelmann: Leipzig.)
22. Erdtman, G. (1952). 'Pollen Morphology and Plant Taxonomy. Angiosperms.' (Almqvist and Wiksell: Stockholm.)
23. Erdtman, G. (1960). The acetolysis method. A revised description. Svensk Botanisk Tidskrift 54, 561-564.
24. Faegri, K., and Iversen , J. (1950). 'Textbook of Modern Pollen Analysis.' (Munksgaard: Copenhagen.)
25. Faegri, K., Kaland, P. E., and Krzywinski, K. (1989). 'Textbook of Pollen Analysis.' 4th Edn. (John Wiley and Sons: Chichester.)
26. Feuer, S. (1986). Pollen morphology and evolution in the Persoonioideae, Sphalmioideae and Carnarvonioideae (Proteaceae). Pollen et Spores 28, 123-156.
27. Feuer, S. (1989). Pollen morphology of Embothrieae (Proteaceae). I. Buckinghamiinae, Stenocarpinae, and Lomatiinae. Grana 28, 225-242.
28. Feuer, S. (1990a). Pollen aperture evolution among the subfamilies Persoonioideae, Sphalmioideae, and Carnarvonioideae (Proteaceae). American Journal of Botany 77, 783-794.
29. Feuer, S. (1990b). Pollen morphology of Embothrieae (Proteaceae). II. Embothriinae (Embothrium, Oreocallis, Telopea). Grana 29, 19-36.
30. Foreman, D. B. (1995a). Petrophile. In 'Flora of Australia'. Vol. 16. (Ed. P. M.Carthy.) pp. 149-193. (CSIRO Australia: Melbourne.)
31. Foreman, D. B. (1995b). Isopogon. In 'Flora of Australia'. Vol. 16. (Ed. P. M.Carthy.) pp. 194-223. (CSIRO Australia: Melbourne.)
32. George, A. S. (1995a). Synaphea. In 'Flora of Australia'. Vol. 16. (Ed. P. M.Carthy.) pp. 271-306. (CSIRO Australia: Melbourne.)
33. George, A. S. (1995b). Stirlingia. In 'Flora of Australia'. Vol. 16. (Ed. P. M.Carthy.) pp. 136-140. (CSIRO Australia: Melbourne.)
34. Haber, J. M. (1960). The comparative anatomy and morphology of the flowers and inflorescences of Proteaceae I. Some Australian taxa. Phytomorphology 9, 325-358.
35. Harris, W. K. (1965). Basal Tertiary microfloras from the Princeton area, Victoria, Australia. Paleontographica B 115, 75-106.
36. Haskell, T. R., and Wilson, G. J. (1975). Palynology of sites 280-284, DSDP Leg 29, off southeastern Australia and western New Zealand. In 'Initial Reports of the Deep Sea Drilling Project'. (Eds J. P. Kennen., R. E. Houtz, P. B. Andrews, A. R. Edwards, V. A. Gostin, M. Hajós, M. A. Hampton, D. G. Jenkins, S. V. Margolis. A. T. Ovenshine, and K. Perch-Nielsen.) pp. 723-741. (US Government Printing Office: Washington.)
37. Hideux, M. J., and Ferguson, I. K. (1976). The stereostructure of the exine and its evolutionary significance in Saxifragaceae sensu lato. In 'The Evolutionary Significance of the Exine'. (Eds I. K. Ferguson and J. Muller.) pp. 327-378. (Academic Press: London.)
38. Hoot, S. B., and Douglas, A. W. (1996). Phylogeny of the Proteaceae based on atpB and atpB/rbcL spacer region sequence data. The 1996 Commemorative Conferences: Proteaceae, Melbourne. Australia. Program and Abstracts, p. 27.
39. Jarzen, D. M., and Nichols, D. J. (1996). Pollen. In 'Palynology, Principles and Applications Vol. 1'. (Eds J. Jansonius and D. C. McGregor.) pp. 261-291. (American Association of Stratigraphic Palynologists Foundation: Dallas, Texas.)
40. Johnson, L. A. S., and Briggs, B. G. (1963). Evolution in the Proteaceae. Australian Journal of Botany 11, 21-61.
41. Johnson, L. A. S., and Briggs, B. G. (1975). On the Proteaceae - the evolution and classification of a southern family. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 70, 83-182.
42. Jordan G. J. (1995). Early to Middle Pleistocene leaves of extinct and extant Proteaceae from western Tasmania, Australia. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 118, 19-35.
43. Jordan, G. J., Carpenter, R. J., and Hill, R. S. (1991). Late Pleistocene vegetation and climate near Melaleuca Inlet, south-western Tasmania. Australian Journal of Botany 39, 315-333.
44. Kemp, E. (1976). Early Tertiary pollen from Napperby, central Australia. BMR Journal of Australian Geology and Geophysics 1, 109-114.
45. Kremp, G. O. W. (1965). 'Morphologic Encyclopedia of Palynology.' (University of Arizona Press: Tucson.)
46. Lange, R. T. (1978). Some Eocene leaf fragments comparable with Proteaceae. Journal of the Royal Society of Western Australia 60, 107-114.
47. Larson, D. A., Skvarla, J. J., and Lewis, C. W. Jr. (1962). An electron microscope study of exine stratification and fine structure (1). Pollen et Spores 4, 233-246.
48. Macphail, M. K. (1996). Palynostratigraphy of the Murray Basin, inland southeastern Australia. Australian Geological Survey Organisation Palaeontological Record, 1996/57, 1-38.
49. Macphail, M. K., Alley, N. F., Truswell, E. M., and Sluiter, I. R. K. (1994). Early Tertiary vegetation: evidence from spores and pollen. In 'History of the Australian Vegetation'. (Ed. R. S. Hill.) pp. 189-261. (University Press: Cambridge.)
50. Macphail, M. K., Colhoun, E. A., and Fitzsimons, S. J. (1995). Key periods in the evolution of the Cenozioc vegetation and flora in western Tasmania: the Late Pliocene. Australian Journal of Botany 43, 505-526.
51. Macphail, M. K., Jordan, G. J., and Hill, R. S. (1993). Key periods in the evolution of the flora and vegetation in Western Tasmania I. the Early-Middle Pleistocene. Australian Journal of Botany 41, 673-707.
52. Macphail, M. K., and Truswell, E. M. (1989). Palynostratigraphy of the central west Murray Basin. BMR Journal of Australian Geology and Geophysics 11, 301-331.
53. Mai, D. H. (1961). Uber eine fossile Tiliaceen-Blute und tilioiden pollen aus deutschen Tertiar. Geologie 10, 54-93.
54. Martin, A. R. H. (1973). Reappraisal of some palynomorphs of supposed proteaceous affinity. I. Genus Beaupreaidites Cookson ex Couper and the species Proteacidites hakeoides Couper. Geological Society of Australia Special Publication 4, 73-78.
55. Martin, A. R. H. (1982). Proteaceae and the early differentiation of the central Australian flora. In 'Evolution of the Flora and Fauna of Arid Australia'. (Eds W. R. Barker and P. J. Greenslade.) pp. 77-83. (Peacock Publications: Adelaide.)
56. Martin, A. R. H. (1995). Palaeogene proteaceous pollen and phylogeny. Alcheringa 19, 27-40.
57. Martin, A. R. H. (1996). Computer aided 'taxonomy' of Proteaceae pollen. The 1996 Commemorative Conferences: Proteaceae, Melbourne, Australia. Program and Abstracts, p. 35.
58. Martin, P. S. (1969). Pollen analysis and the scanning electron microscope. In 'Scanning Electron Microscopy 1969.' pp. 89-103. (ITT Research Institute: Chicago.)
59. McLoughlin, S., and Guppy, L. (1993). Western Australia's Tertiary Floras. The Fossil Collector 40, 13-22.
60. Memon, H. R. (1976). A comparative scanning electron microscope study of pollen of modern Proteaceae and fossil forms from Australia and the northern hemisphere attributed to the family. PhD Thesis, University of Sydney.
61. Memon, H. R. (1984). Classification of pollen surface patterns of modern Proteaceae using scanning electron microscope. Pakistan Journal of Botany 16, 205-229.
62. Memon, H. R. (1985). Implication of pollen surface pattern for species and generic classification in Proteaceae. Pakistan Journal of Botany 17, 87-106.
63. Mildenhall, D. C. (1978). Cranwellia costata n.sp. and Podosporites erugatus n.sp. from Middle Pliocene (?Early Pleistocene) sediments. South Island, New Zealand. Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand 8, 253-274.
64. Mildenhall, D. C., and Pocknall, D. T. (1989). Miocene-Pleistocene spores and pollen from Central Otago, South Island, New Zealand. New Zealand Geological Survey Paleontological Bulletin 59, 1-128.
65. Milne, L. A. (1988). Palynology of a late Eocene lignitic sequence from the western margin of the Eucla Basin Western Australia. Association of Australasian Palaeontologists Memoir. 5, 285-310.
66. Milne, L. A. (1994). Relationship between Propylipollis annularis (Tertiary dispersed pollen) and extant Xylomelum (Proteaceae). In 'Ultrastructure of Fossil Spores and Pollen'. (Eds M. H. Kurmann and J. A. Doyle) pp. 193-213. (Royal Botanic Gardens: Kew.)
67. Milne, L. A. (1997). Palynology of selected extant Proteaceae and Eocene palynofloras of Western Australia. PhD Thesis, The University of Queensland.
68. Milne, L. A. (1998a). Surface-embedding of fossil pollen for time- and cost-effective ultramicrotomy (TEM) and multiple microscopy of single grains. American Association of Stratigraphic Palynologists Foundation, Contribution 33, 95-105.
69. Milne, L. A. (1998b). Tertiary palynology: Beaupreaidites and new Conospermeae (Proteoideae) affiliates. Australian Systematic Botany 11, 553-603.
70. Moore, P. D., Webb, J. A., and Collinson, M. E. (1991). 'Pollen Analysis.' 2nd Edn. (Blackwell Scientific Publications: Oxford.)
71. Muller, J. (1970). Palynological evidence on early differentiation of Angiosperms. Biological Review 45 417-450.
72. Muller, J. (1984). Significance of fossil pollen for angiosperm history. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Gardens 71, 419-443.
73. Nilsson, S., and Praglowski, J. (1992). 'Erdtman's Handbook of Palynology.' 2nd Edn. (Munskgaard: Copenhagen.)
74. Nott, J. F., and Owen, J. K. (1992). An Oligocene palynoflora fron the middle Shoalhaven catchment N.S.W. and the Tertiary evolution of flora and climate in the southeast Australian highlands. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 95, 135-151.
75. Pocknall, D. T., and Crosbie, Y. M. (1988). Pollen morphology of Beauprea (Proteaceae): modern and fossil. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 53, 305-327.
76. Pocknall, D. T., and Mildenhall, D. C. (1984). Late Oligocene-early Miocene spores and pollen from Southland, New Zealand. New Zealand Geological Survey Paleontological Bulletin 51, 1-66.
77. Pole, M. (1992). Eocene vegetation from Hasties, north-eastern Tasmania. Australian Systematic Botany 5, 431-475.
78. Pole, M. (1994). The New Zealand flora - entirely long-distance dispersal? Journal of Biogeography 21, 625-635.
79. Potonié, R. (1960). Synopsis der gattungen der sporae dispersae. III Teil: Nachträge sporites fortsetzung pollenites mit generalregister zu Teil I-III. Beihefte zum Geologischen Jahrbuch 39, 1-189.
80. Praglowski, J., and Punt, W. (1973). An elucidation of the micro-reticulate structure of the exine. Grana 13, 45-50.
81. Punt, W. (1975). Pollen morphology of the Dichapetalaceae with special reference to evolutionary trends and mutual relationships of pollen types. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 19, 1-97.
82. Punt, W. (1976). Evolutionary trends in the pollen grains of Dichapetalaceae. In 'The Evolutionary Significance of the Exine'. (Eds I. K. Ferguson and J. Muller.) pp. 139-146. (Academic Press: London.)
83. Punt, W., Blackmore, S., Nilsson, S., and Le Thomas, A. (1994). Glossary of pollen and spore terminology. LPP Contribution Series 1, 1-71. (Laboratory of Palaeobotany and Palynology, University of Utrecht: The Netherlands.)
84. Ramsay, H. P. (1963). Chromosome numbers in the Proteaceae. Australian Journal of Botany 11, 1-20.
85. Scriven, L. J. (1996). A review of hypotheses concerning the proteaceous component of the mid-Eocene Maslin Bay Flora, South Australia. The 1996 Commemorative Conferences: Proteaceae, Melbourne, Australia. Program and Abstracts, p. 44.
86. Skvarla, J. J., and Larson, D. A. (1965). An electron microscopic study of pollen morphology in the Compositae with special reference to the Ambrosiinae. Grana 6, 210-269.
87. Stace, C. A. (1989). 'Plant Taxonomy and Biosystematics.' 2nd Edn. (Edward Arnold: London.)
88. Steussy, T. F. (1990). 'Plant Taxonomy.' (Columbia University Press: New York.)
89. Stover, L. E., and Partridge, A. D. (1973). Tertiary and Late Cretaceous spores and pollen from the Gippsland Basin, southeastern Australia. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Victoria 85, 237-286.
90. Telford, I. R. H. (1995). Symphionema. In 'Flora of Australia'. Vol. 16. (Ed. P. McCarthy.) pp. 133-135. (CSIRO Australia: Melbourne.)
91. Truswell, E. M., and Owen, J. A. (1988). Eocene pollen from Bungonia, New South Wales. Association of Australasian Palaeontologists 5, 259-284.
92. Truswell, E. M., Sluiter, I. R., and Harris, W. K. (1985). Palynology of the Oligocene-Miocene sequence in the Oakvale-1 corehole, western Murray Basin, South Australia. BMR Journal of Australian Geology and Geophysics 9, 267-295.
93. Venkata Rao, C. (1957). Cytotaxonomy of the Proteaceae. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 82, 257-271.
94. Venkata Rao, C. (1961). Studies in the Proteaceae II. Placospermeae and Conospermeae. Proceedings of the National Institute of Science India B27, 126-151.
95. Venkata Rao, C. (1971). Proteaceae. In 'Botanical Monographs'. Vol. 6. (CSIR: New Delhi.)
96. Virot, R. (1968). 'Flore de la Nouvelle-Calédonie et Dependances. 2. Protéacées.' (Museum National d'Histoire Naturefle: Paris.)
97. Walker, J. W. (1976). Evolutionary significance of the exine in the pollen of primitive angiosperms. In 'The Evolutionary Significance of the Exine'. (Eds I. K. Ferguson and J. Muller.) pp. 251-308. (Academic Press: London.)
98. Walker, J. W., and Doyle, J. A. (1975). The bases of angiosperm phylogeny: Palynology. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Gardens 62, 664-723.
99. Walker, J. W., and Walker A. G. (1984). Ultrastructure of Lower Cretaceous angiosperm pollen and the origin and early evolution of flowering plants. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Gardens 71, 464-521.
100. Weston, P. H. (1995). Persoonioideae. In 'Flora of Australia'. Vol. 16. (Ed. P. McCarthy.) pp. 47-125. (CSIRO Australia: Melbourne.)
101. Weston, P. H., Barker, N. P., and Downs, K. (1996). ITS sequence variation in the Proteaceae and what it tells us about phylogeny. The 1996 Commemorative Conferences: Proteaceae, Melbourne, Australia. Program and Abstracts, p. 49.
102. Wolfe, J. A. (1973). Fossil forms of Amentiferae. Brittonia 25, 334-355.
103. Wrigley, J. W., and Fagg, M. (1989). 'Banksias, Waratahs and Grevilleas, and all Plants in the Australian Proteaceae Family.' (Harper Collins Publishers: London.)
104. Zavada, M. S. (1984). Angiosperm origins and evolution based on dispersed fossil pollen ultrastructure. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Gardens 71, 444-463.