Toxin entry: Retrograde transport through the secretory pathway

Journal of Cell Biology

Volumn 140, Issue 4, 1998, Pages 733-736

  Lord, J Michael ^a   Roberts, Lynne M ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF WARWICK   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

TOXIN;

ANIMAL CELL; ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM; ENDOSOME; HUMAN; HUMAN CELL; INTRACELLULAR TRANSPORT; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN DEGRADATION; PROTEIN SECRETION; PROTEIN TRANSPORT; SHORT SURVEY; TOXIN STRUCTURE;

ANIMALS; BIOLOGICAL TRANSPORT; ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM; HUMANS; INTRACELLULAR MEMBRANES; TOXINS, BIOLOGICAL;

ANIMALIA; BACTERIA (MICROORGANISMS); EUKARYOTA; MAMMALIA;

EID: 0032559646     PISSN: 00219525     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1083/jcb.140.4.733     Document Type: Short Survey

References (50)

1. Argent, R.H., L.M. Roberts, R. Wales, J.D. Robertus, and J.M. Lord. 1994. Introduction of a disulfide bond into ricin A chain decreases the cytotoxicity of the ricin holotoxin. J. Biol. Chem. 269:26705-26710.
2. Bos, K., C. Wraight, and K.K. Stanley. 1993. TGN38 is maintained in the trans-Golgi network by a tyrosine-containing motif in the cytoplasmic domain. EMBO (Eur. Mol. Biol. Organ.) J. 12:2219-2228.
3. Chaudhary, V.K., Y. Jinno, D. FitzGerald, and I. Pastan. 1990. Pseudomonas exotoxin contains a specific sequence at the carboxyterminus that is required for cytotoxicity. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 87:308-312.
4. Dota, S.T., S. Beristain, and T.K. Tomicic. 1993. Inhibition of heat-labile cholera and Escherichia coli enterotoxins by brefeldin A. Infect. Immunol. 61:3282-3286.
5. Endo, Y., K. Mitsui, M. Motizuki, and K. Tsurugi. 1987. The mechanism of ricin and related toxins on eukaryotic ribosomes. J. Biol. Chem. 262: 5908-5912.
6. Falnes, P.O., S. Choe, I.H. Madshus, B.A. Wilson, and S. Olsnes. 1994. Inhibition of membrane translocation of diphtheria toxin A-fragment by internal disulfide bridges. J. Biol. Chem. 269:8402-8407.
7. Gordon, V.M., K.R. Klimpel, N. Arora, M.A. Henderson, and S.H. Leppla. 1995. Proteolytic activation of bacterial toxins by eukaryotic cells is performed by furin and additional cellular proteases. Infect. Immunol. 63:82-87.
8. Griffiths, G., M. Ericsson, J. Krijnse-Locker, T. Nilsson, B. Goud, H.-D. Sîling, B.L. Tang, S.H. Wong, and W. Hong. 1994. Localization of the Lys, Asp, Glu, Leu tetrapeptide receptor to the Golgi complex and the intermediate compartment in mammalian cells. J. Cell Biol. 127:1557-1574.
9. Helenius, A., T. Marquardt, and I. Braakman. 1992. The endoplasmic reticulum as a protein folding compartment. Trends Cell Biol. 2:227-231.
10. Hiller, M.M., A. Finger, M. Schweiger, and D. Wolf. 1996. ER degradation of a misfolded luminal protein by the cytosolic ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. Science. 273:1725-1728.
11. Jacewiez, M., H. Clausen, E. Nudelman, A. Donohue-Rolfe, and G.T. Keusch. 1986. Pathogenesis of Shigella diarrhea. XI. Isolation of a Shigella toxin-binding glycolipid from rabbit jejunum and HeLa cells and its identification as globotriasylceramide. J. Exp. Med. 163:1391-1404.
12. Jackson, M.R., T. Nilsson, and P.A. Peterson. 1990. Identification of a consensus motif for retention of transmembrane proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum. EMBO (Eur. Mol. Biol. Organ.) J. 9:3153-3162.
13. Johannes, L., D. Tenza, C. Antony, and B. Goud. 1997. Retrograde transport of KDEL-bearing B-fragment of Shiga toxin. J. Biol. Chem. 272: 19554-19561.
14. Kopito, R.R. 1997. ER quality control: the cytoplasmic connection. Cell. 88:427-430.
15. Kounnas, M.Z., R.E. Morris, M.R. Thompson, D.J. FitzGerald, D.K. Strickland, and C.B. Saelinger. 1992. The α 2-macroglobulin receptor/low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein binds and internalizes Pseudomonas exotoxin A. J. Biol. Chem. 267:12420-12423.
16. Lencer, W.I., C. Constable, S. Moe, M.G. Jobling, H.M. Webb, S. Ruston, J.L. Madara, T.R. Hirst, and R.K. Holmes. 1995. Targeting of cholera toxin and Escherichia coli heat labile toxin in polarized epithelia: Role of COOH-terminal KDEL. J. Cell Biol. 131:951-962.
17. Lord, J.M., L.M. Roberts, and J.D. Robertus. 1994. Ricin: structure, mode of action, and some current applications. FASEB (Fed. Am. Soc. Exp. Biol.) J. 8:201-208.
18. Majoul, I.V., P.I.H. Bastiaens, and H.-D. Sîling. 1996. Transport of an external Lys-Asp-Glu-Leu (KDEL) protein from the plasma membrane to the endoplasmic reticulum: Studies with cholera toxin in Vero cells. J. Cell Biol. 133:777-789.
19. McCracken, A.A., and J.L. Brodsky. 1996. Assembly of ER-associated protein degradation in vitro: Dependence on cytosol, calnexin, and ATP. J. Cell Biol. 132:291-298.
20. Miesenbock, G., and J.E. Rothman. 1995. The capacity to retrieve escaped ER proteins extends to the trans-most cisterna of the Golgi stack. J. Cell Biol. 129:309-319.
21. Naglich, J.G., J.E. Metherall, D.W. Russell, and L. Eidels. 1992. Expression cloning of a diphtheria toxin receptor: identity with a heparin-binding EGF-like growth factor precursor. Cell. 69:1051-1061.
22. Newton, D.L. R. Wales, P.T. Richardson, S. Wallbridge, S.K. Saxena, E.J. Ackerman, L.M. Roberts, J.M. Lord, and R.J. Youle. 1992. Cell surface and intracellular functions for ricin galactose binding. J. Biol. Chem. 267: 11917-11922.
23. Orlandi, P.A. 1997. Protein disulfide isomerase-mediated reduction of the A subunit of cholera toxin in a human intestinal cell line. J. Biol. Chem. 272:4591-1599.
24. Palade, G.E. 1975. Intracellular aspects of the process of protein synthesis. Science. 189:347-358.
25. Pelham, H.R.B. 1989. Control of protein exit from the endoplasmic reticulum. Annu. Rev. Cell Biol. 5:1-23.
26. Pílon, M., R. Schekman, and K. Rimisch. 1997. Sec61p mediates export of a misfolded secretory protein from the endoplasmic reticulum to the cytosol for degradation. EMBO (Eur. Mol. Biol. Organ.) J. 16:4540-4548.
27. Plemper, R.K., S. Bîhmler, J. Bordallo, T. Sommer, and D.H. Wolf. 1997. Mutant analysis links the translocon and BiP to retrograde protein transport for ER degradation. Nature. 388:891-895.
28. Rapak, A., P.O. Falnes, and S. Olsnes. 1997. Retrograde transport of mutant ricin to the endoplasmic reticulum with subsequent translocation to cytosol. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 94:3783-3788.
29. Rapoport, T.A., B. Jungnickel, and U. Kutay. 1996. Protein transport across the eukaryotic endoplasmic reticulum and bacterial inner membranes. Annu. Rev. Biochem. 65:271-303.
30. Rîmisch, K., and R. Schekman. 1992. Distinct processes mediate glycoprotein and glycopeptide export from the endoplasmic reticulum in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 89:7227-7231.
31. Rothman, J.E. 1994. Mechanism of intracellular protein transport. Nature. 372:55-63.
32. Sandvig, K., K. Prydz, S.H. Hansen, and B. van Deurs. 1991. Ricin transport in brefeldin A treated cells: Correlation between Golgi structure and toxic effect. J. Cell Biol. 115:971-981.
33. Sandvig, K., K. Prydz, M. Ryd, and B. van Deurs. 1991. Endocytosis and intracellular transport of the glycolipid-binding ligand Shiga toxin in polarized MDCK cells. J. Cell Biol. 113:553-562.
34. Sandvig, K., O. Garred, K. Prydz, J.V. Kozlov, S.H. Hansen, and B. van Deurs. 1992. Retrograde transport of endocytosed Shiga toxin to the endoplasmic reticulum. Nature. 358:510-512.
35. Sandvig, K., O. Garred, and B. van Deurs. 1996. Thapsigargin-induced transport of cholera toxin to the endoplasmic reticulum. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 93:12339-12343.
36. Seetharam, S., V.K. Chaudhary, D. FitzGerald, and I. Pastan. 1991. Increased cytotoxic activity of Pseudomonas exotoxin and two chimeric toxins ending in KDEL. J. Biol. Chem. 266:17376-17381.
37. Silverman, J.A., J.A. Mindell, A. Finkelstein, W.H. Shen, and R.J. Collier. 1994. Mutational analysis of the helical hairpin region of diphtheria toxin transmembrane domain. J. Biol. Chem. 269:22524-22532.
38. Simmons, B.M., P.D. Stahl, and J.H. Russell. 1986. Mannose receptor-mediated uptake of ricin toxin and ricin A chain by macrophages. Multiple intracellular pathways for A chain translocation. J. Biol. Chem. 261: 7912-7920.
39. Simpson, J.C., J.M. Lord, and L.M. Roberts. 1995. Point mutations in the hydrophobic C-terminal region of ricin A chain indicate that Pro250 plays a key role in membrane translocation. Eur. J. Biochem. 232:458-463.
40. Simpson, J.C., D.C. Smith, L.M. Roberts, and J.M. Lord. 1998. Expression of mutant dynamin protects cells against diphtheria toxin but not against ricin. Expl. Cell Res. In press.
41. Theuer, C.P., J. Buchner, D. FitzGerald, and I. Pastan. 1993. The N-terminal region of the 37-kDa translocated fragment of Pseudomonas exotoxin A aborts translocation by promoting its own export after microsomal membrane insertion. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 90:7774-7778.
42. van Deurs, B., T.L. Tonnessen, O.W. Petersen, K. Sandvig, and S. Olsnes. 1986. Routing of internalized ricin and ricin conjugates to the Golgi complex. J. Cell Biol. 102:37-47.
43. van Deurs, B., K. Sandvig, O.W. Petersen, S. Olsnes, K. Simons, and G. Griffiths. 1988. Estimation of the amount of internalized ricin that reaches the trans-Golgi network. J. Cell Biol. 106:253-267.
44. van Heyningen, S. 1974. Cholera toxin: interaction of subunits with ganglioside GM1. Science. 183:656-657.
45. Van Ness, B.G., J.B. Howard, and J.W. Bodley. 1980. ADP-ribosylation of elongation factor-2 by diphtheria toxin. J. Biol. Chem. 255:10710-10716.
46. Wales, R., L.M. Roberts, and J.M. Lord. 1993. Addition of an endoplasmic reticulum retrieval sequence to ricin A chain significantly increases its cytotoxicity to mammalian cells. J. Biol. Chem. 268:23986-23990.
47. Werner, E.D., J.L. Brodsky, and A.A. McCracken. 1996. Proteasome-dependent, endoplasmic reticulum associated protein degradation: an unconventional route to a familiar fate. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 93: 13792-13801.
48. Wiertz, E.J.H.J., T.R. Jones, L. Sun, M. Bogyo, H.J. Geuze, and H. Ploegh. 1996. The human cytomegalovirus US11 gene product dislocates MHC class 1 heavy chains from the endoplasmic reticulum to the cytosol. Cell. 84:769-779.
49. Wiertz, E.J.H.J., D. Tortorella, M. Bogyo, J. Yu, W. Mothes, T.R. Jones, T. A. Rapoport, and H. Ploegh. 1996. Sec61-mediated transfer of a membrane protein from the endoplasmic reticulum to the proteasome for degradation. Nature. 384:432-438.
50. Yoshida, T., C. Chen, M. Zhang, and H.C. Wu. 1991. Disruption of the Golgi apparatus by brefeldin A inhibits the cytotoxicity of ricin, modeccin, and Pseudomonas toxin. Exp. Cell Res. 192:389-395.