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2
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33947450437
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(b) Buckles, R. E.; Hausman, E. A.; Wheeler, N. G. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1950, 72, 2494.
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Buckles, R.E.1
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5
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3542995890
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(a) Garst, J. F.; Zablotny, E. R.; Cole, R. S. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1964, 86, 2257.
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Garst, J.F.1
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7
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0347463759
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(c) Parker, V. D.; Nyberg, K.; Eberson, L. J. Electroanal. Chem. 1969, 22, 150.
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Parker, V.D.1
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8
-
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3543037190
-
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(a) Buckles, R. E.; Erickson, R. E.; Snyder, J. D.; Person. W. B. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1960, 82, 2444.
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Buckles, R.E.1
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9
-
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3543014569
-
-
(b) Buck, H. M.; Lupinski, J. H.; Oosterhoff, L. I. Mol. Phys. 1958, 1, 196.
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Buck, H.M.1
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Oosterhoff, L.I.3
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11
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37049083790
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(d) Bock, H.; Näther, C.; Havlas, Z. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1995, 1111.
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Bock, H.1
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17
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0011555135
-
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(c) Wolf, M. O.; Fox, H. H.; Fox, M. A. J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 287.
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Wolf, M.O.1
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Fox, M.A.3
-
19
-
-
3543013388
-
-
note
-
(a) E°1 and E°2 refer to the reversible one-electron oxidation (or reduction) of tetraarylethylene and its cation radical (or anion radical), respectively.
-
-
-
-
20
-
-
3543045187
-
-
note
-
(b) When ΔG is expressed in electron volts, the Faraday constant F is unity.
-
-
-
-
21
-
-
3543000693
-
-
Any ion-pairing effects are ignored
-
(c) Any ion-pairing effects are ignored.
-
-
-
-
22
-
-
0000923482
-
-
(d) For anion radicals, compare: Muzyka, J. L.; Fox, M. A. J. Org. Chem. 1991, 56, 4549. Fry, A. J.; Hutchins, C. S.; Chung, L. L. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1975, 97, 591. See also Garst et al. in ref 2a.
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, pp. 4549
-
-
Muzyka, J.L.1
Fox, M.A.2
-
23
-
-
0043172212
-
-
(d) For anion radicals, compare: Muzyka, J. L.; Fox, M. A. J. Org. Chem. 1991, 56, 4549. Fry, A. J.; Hutchins, C. S.; Chung, L. L. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1975, 97, 591. See also Garst et al. in ref 2a.
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J. Am. Chem. Soc.
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, pp. 591
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-
Fry, A.J.1
Hutchins, C.S.2
Chung, L.L.3
-
24
-
-
0025274760
-
-
(a) Mislow, K.; Schultz, D. A.; Fox, M. A. J. Org. Chem. 1990, 55, 1047.
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Mislow, K.1
Schultz, D.A.2
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-
25
-
-
3542995300
-
-
(b) Baenziger, N. C.; Buckles, R. E.; Simpson, T. D. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1967, 89, 3406. See also Buck et al. in ref 4a.
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Baenziger, N.C.1
Buckles, R.E.2
Simpson, T.D.3
-
26
-
-
3543007940
-
-
note
-
There are no reports extant in which the cation-radical and dication structures of the same donor are available for direct comparison.
-
-
-
-
29
-
-
37049123480
-
-
Svanholm, U.; Jensen, B. S.; Parker, V. D. J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 2 1974, 907.
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J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 2
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-
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Svanholm, U.1
Jensen, B.S.2
Parker, V.D.3
-
30
-
-
3542994054
-
-
note
-
14
-
-
-
-
32
-
-
3543040232
-
-
Compare Buck et al. in ref 4a
-
Compare Buck et al. in ref 4a.
-
-
-
-
33
-
-
3542991676
-
-
note
-
2] was prepared at - 78 °C and handled without allowing the temperature to rise (see Experimental Section).
-
-
-
-
34
-
-
3543038418
-
-
note
-
2+ was not kinetically persistent (probably due to the presence of labile α-protons on the ethyl groups).
-
-
-
-
35
-
-
70450094439
-
-
Bard, A. J.; Ledwith, A.; Shine, H. J. Adv. Phys. Org. Chem. 1976, 13, 155.
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(1976)
Adv. Phys. Org. Chem.
, vol.13
, pp. 155
-
-
Bard, A.J.1
Ledwith, A.2
Shine, H.J.3
-
37
-
-
3542994704
-
-
note
-
See Experimental Section in Supporting Information Available for details.
-
-
-
-
38
-
-
3543017564
-
-
note
-
-] described in the Supporting Information Available.
-
-
-
-
39
-
-
3543028273
-
-
note
-
+• from the dark purple solution.
-
-
-
-
40
-
-
3542995299
-
-
note
-
5 was not an effective oxidant of tetraanisylethylene (as in the conproportionation exchange in eq 8).
-
-
-
-
41
-
-
0025952513
-
-
Komatsu, K.; Nishinaga, T.; Aonuma, S.; Hirosawa, C.; Takeuchi, K.; Lindner, H. J.; Richter, J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1991, 32, 6767. For an efficient alternative synthesis of 8, see: Rathore, R.; Lindeman, S. V.; Kumar, A. S.; Kochi, J. K. J. Am. Chem. Soc., in press.
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(1991)
Tetrahedron Lett.
, vol.32
, pp. 6767
-
-
Komatsu, K.1
Nishinaga, T.2
Aonuma, S.3
Hirosawa, C.4
Takeuchi, K.5
Lindner, H.J.6
Richter, J.7
-
42
-
-
0025952513
-
-
in press
-
Komatsu, K.; Nishinaga, T.; Aonuma, S.; Hirosawa, C.; Takeuchi, K.; Lindner, H. J.; Richter, J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1991, 32, 6767. For an efficient alternative synthesis of 8, see: Rathore, R.; Lindeman, S. V.; Kumar, A. S.; Kochi, J. K. J. Am. Chem. Soc., in press.
-
J. Am. Chem. Soc.
-
-
Rathore, R.1
Lindeman, S.V.2
Kumar, A.S.3
Kochi, J.K.4
-
43
-
-
0000450727
-
-
See: Nishinaga, T.; Komatsu, K.; Sugita, N. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 11642.
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, pp. 11642
-
-
Nishinaga, T.1
Komatsu, K.2
Sugita, N.3
-
44
-
-
3542992265
-
-
note
-
The peculiar CV behavior of tetraanisylethylene in nitromethane is subject to further study.
-
-
-
-
45
-
-
3542996495
-
-
note
-
As indicated by the separation Δ ∼ 120 mV that is the same as that in tetraanisylethylene.
-
-
-
-
46
-
-
3543039039
-
-
note
-
23
-
-
-
-
47
-
-
3542992266
-
-
note
-
11a by digital simulation of the cyclic voltammetric data.
-
-
-
-
49
-
-
3542996496
-
-
note
-
2 (vide infra).
-
-
-
-
50
-
-
3543024725
-
-
note
-
2′). (33) The structural parameters l, φ, and q for D = tetraanisylethylene in Chart 3 are plotted as values averaged over all four anisyl groups.
-
-
-
-
51
-
-
3543001258
-
-
note
-
ox = 0.43 and 0.37 V vs SCE in dichloromethane and acetonitrile, respectively.
-
-
-
-
52
-
-
3543027650
-
-
(a) Where Ad = 1-adamantyl
-
(a) Where Ad = 1-adamantyl.
-
-
-
-
53
-
-
3543016959
-
-
note
-
+ is substituted with a 3-chloro substituent.
-
-
-
-
54
-
-
3543009164
-
-
note
-
2 = 63.7°.
-
-
-
-
55
-
-
3543034821
-
-
note
-
Note that 1,1-dianisyl substitution as in 6 is not sufficient to stabilize the dication (Table 3, entry 6).
-
-
-
-
56
-
-
3542994053
-
-
note
-
2 = 1.377 Å, φ = 36.5 deg, q = 39%.
-
-
-
-
57
-
-
0024806183
-
-
(a) Bock, H.; Ruppert, K.; Merzweiler, K.; Fenske, D.; Goesmann, H. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed., Engl. 1989, 20, 1684.
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0025268496
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59
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33748241917
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(c) Takanori, S.; Shiohara, H.; Monobe, M.; Sakimura, T.; Tanaka, S.; Yamashita, Y.; Miyashi, T. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1992, 31, 455.
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37049083790
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(d) Bock, H.; Näther, C.; Havlas, Z. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1995, 1111. See also:
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Bock, H.1
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62
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0020798743
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(a) Lammertsma, K.; Barzaghi, M.; Olah, G. A.; Pople, J. A.; Kos, A. J.; Schleyer, P. v. R. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1983, 105, 5252.
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(b) Lammertsma, K.; Schleyer, P. v. R.; Schwarz, H. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1989, 28, 1321 and references therein.
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Lammertsma, K.1
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64
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0001707459
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Merer, A. J.; Schoonveld, L. Can. J. Phys. 1969, 47, 1731. Koppel, H.; Domcke, W.; Cederbaum, L. S.; von Niessen, W. J. Chem. Phys. 1978, 69, 4252. See also: Shiotani, M.; Nagata, Y.; Sohma, J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1984, 106, 4604. Fujisawa, J.; Sato, S.; Shimokoshi, K. Chem. Phys. Lett. 1986, 124, 391.
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36749106602
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Koppel, H.1
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0001106524
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Merer, A. J.; Schoonveld, L. Can. J. Phys. 1969, 47, 1731. Koppel, H.; Domcke, W.; Cederbaum, L. S.; von Niessen, W. J. Chem. Phys. 1978, 69, 4252. See also: Shiotani, M.; Nagata, Y.; Sohma, J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1984, 106, 4604. Fujisawa, J.; Sato, S.; Shimokoshi, K. Chem. Phys. Lett. 1986, 124, 391.
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Merer, A. J.; Schoonveld, L. Can. J. Phys. 1969, 47, 1731. Koppel, H.; Domcke, W.; Cederbaum, L. S.; von Niessen, W. J. Chem. Phys. 1978, 69, 4252. See also: Shiotani, M.; Nagata, Y.; Sohma, J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1984, 106, 4604. Fujisawa, J.; Sato, S.; Shimokoshi, K. Chem. Phys. Lett. 1986, 124, 391.
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84985553233
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(a) Bock, H.; Ruppert, K.; Fenske, D. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1989, 28, 1685. Compare also:
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Bock, H.1
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(b) Walczack, M.; Stucky, G. D. J. Organomet. Chem. 1975, 97, 313. Sekiguchi, A.; Nakanishi, T.; Kabuto, C.; Sakurai, H. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1989, 111, 3748. For the progressive structural changes in tetracyanoethylene, anion radical, and dianion with various countercations, see: Bock, H.; Ruppert, K.; Näther, C.; Havlas, Z.; Hermann, H.-F.; Arad, C.; Göbal, I.; John, A.; Meuret, J.; Nick, S.; Rauschenbach, A.; Seitz, W.; Vaupel, T.; Solokui, B. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1992, 31, 550 and references therein. Note also that theoretical calculations on ethylene dianion predict θ = 90° and d = 1.40 Å. Kos, A. J.; Jemmis, E. D.; Schleyer, P. v. R.; Gleiter, R.; Fishback, V.; Pople, J. A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1981, 103, 4996.
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Walczack, M.1
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(b) Walczack, M.; Stucky, G. D. J. Organomet. Chem. 1975, 97, 313. Sekiguchi, A.; Nakanishi, T.; Kabuto, C.; Sakurai, H. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1989, 111, 3748. For the progressive structural changes in tetracyanoethylene, anion radical, and dianion with various countercations, see: Bock, H.; Ruppert, K.; Näther, C.; Havlas, Z.; Hermann, H.-F.; Arad, C.; Göbal, I.; John, A.; Meuret, J.; Nick, S.; Rauschenbach, A.; Seitz, W.; Vaupel, T.; Solokui, B. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1992, 31, 550 and references therein. Note also that theoretical calculations on ethylene dianion predict θ = 90° and d = 1.40 Å. Kos, A. J.; Jemmis, E. D.; Schleyer, P. v. R.; Gleiter, R.; Fishback, V.; Pople, J. A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1981, 103, 4996.
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33748819824
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(b) Walczack, M.; Stucky, G. D. J. Organomet. Chem. 1975, 97, 313. Sekiguchi, A.; Nakanishi, T.; Kabuto, C.; Sakurai, H. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1989, 111, 3748. For the progressive structural changes in tetracyanoethylene, anion radical, and dianion with various countercations, see: Bock, H.; Ruppert, K.; Näther, C.; Havlas, Z.; Hermann, H.-F.; Arad, C.; Göbal, I.; John, A.; Meuret, J.; Nick, S.; Rauschenbach, A.; Seitz, W.; Vaupel, T.; Solokui, B. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1992, 31, 550 and references therein. Note also that theoretical calculations on ethylene dianion predict θ = 90° and d = 1.40 Å. Kos, A. J.; Jemmis, E. D.; Schleyer, P. v. R.; Gleiter, R.; Fishback, V.; Pople, J. A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1981, 103, 4996.
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0012621055
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80
-
-
3543029438
-
-
note
-
44 The observed deviations in the values of θ from 90° in various tetraarylethylene dications may be a result of crystal packing forces.
-
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-
-
83
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0005831044
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