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Volumn 120, Issue 28, 1998, Pages 6931-6939

Disproportionation and structural changes of tetraarylethylene donors upon successive oxidation to cation radicals and to dications

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ETHYLENE; OXYGEN RADICAL;

EID: 0032558126     PISSN: 00027863     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1021/ja981095w     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (99)

References (84)
  • 19
    • 3543013388 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • (a) E°1 and E°2 refer to the reversible one-electron oxidation (or reduction) of tetraarylethylene and its cation radical (or anion radical), respectively.
  • 20
    • 3543045187 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • (b) When ΔG is expressed in electron volts, the Faraday constant F is unity.
  • 21
    • 3543000693 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Any ion-pairing effects are ignored
    • (c) Any ion-pairing effects are ignored.
  • 22
    • 0000923482 scopus 로고
    • (d) For anion radicals, compare: Muzyka, J. L.; Fox, M. A. J. Org. Chem. 1991, 56, 4549. Fry, A. J.; Hutchins, C. S.; Chung, L. L. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1975, 97, 591. See also Garst et al. in ref 2a.
    • (1991) J. Org. Chem. , vol.56 , pp. 4549
    • Muzyka, J.L.1    Fox, M.A.2
  • 23
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    • (d) For anion radicals, compare: Muzyka, J. L.; Fox, M. A. J. Org. Chem. 1991, 56, 4549. Fry, A. J.; Hutchins, C. S.; Chung, L. L. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1975, 97, 591. See also Garst et al. in ref 2a.
    • (1975) J. Am. Chem. Soc. , vol.97 , pp. 591
    • Fry, A.J.1    Hutchins, C.S.2    Chung, L.L.3
  • 26
    • 3543007940 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • There are no reports extant in which the cation-radical and dication structures of the same donor are available for direct comparison.
  • 30
    • 3542994054 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • 14
  • 32
    • 3543040232 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Compare Buck et al. in ref 4a
    • Compare Buck et al. in ref 4a.
  • 33
    • 3542991676 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • 2] was prepared at - 78 °C and handled without allowing the temperature to rise (see Experimental Section).
  • 34
    • 3543038418 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • 2+ was not kinetically persistent (probably due to the presence of labile α-protons on the ethyl groups).
  • 36
    • 3543015770 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Submitted for publication
    • For the stoichiometry of the donor oxidation with antimony(V) oxidants, see: Rathore, R.; Kumar, A. S.; Lindeman, S. V.; Kochi, J. K. Submitted for publication.
    • Rathore, R.1    Kumar, A.S.2    Lindeman, S.V.3    Kochi, J.K.4
  • 37
    • 3542994704 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • See Experimental Section in Supporting Information Available for details.
  • 38
    • 3543017564 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • -] described in the Supporting Information Available.
  • 39
    • 3543028273 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • +• from the dark purple solution.
  • 40
    • 3542995299 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • 5 was not an effective oxidant of tetraanisylethylene (as in the conproportionation exchange in eq 8).
  • 42
    • 0025952513 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • in press
    • Komatsu, K.; Nishinaga, T.; Aonuma, S.; Hirosawa, C.; Takeuchi, K.; Lindner, H. J.; Richter, J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1991, 32, 6767. For an efficient alternative synthesis of 8, see: Rathore, R.; Lindeman, S. V.; Kumar, A. S.; Kochi, J. K. J. Am. Chem. Soc., in press.
    • J. Am. Chem. Soc.
    • Rathore, R.1    Lindeman, S.V.2    Kumar, A.S.3    Kochi, J.K.4
  • 44
    • 3542992265 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • The peculiar CV behavior of tetraanisylethylene in nitromethane is subject to further study.
  • 45
    • 3542996495 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • As indicated by the separation Δ ∼ 120 mV that is the same as that in tetraanisylethylene.
  • 46
    • 3543039039 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • 23
  • 47
    • 3542992266 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • 11a by digital simulation of the cyclic voltammetric data.
  • 49
    • 3542996496 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • 2 (vide infra).
  • 50
    • 3543024725 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • 2′). (33) The structural parameters l, φ, and q for D = tetraanisylethylene in Chart 3 are plotted as values averaged over all four anisyl groups.
  • 51
    • 3543001258 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • ox = 0.43 and 0.37 V vs SCE in dichloromethane and acetonitrile, respectively.
  • 52
    • 3543027650 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • (a) Where Ad = 1-adamantyl
    • (a) Where Ad = 1-adamantyl.
  • 53
    • 3543016959 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • + is substituted with a 3-chloro substituent.
  • 54
    • 3543009164 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • 2 = 63.7°.
  • 55
    • 3543034821 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • Note that 1,1-dianisyl substitution as in 6 is not sufficient to stabilize the dication (Table 3, entry 6).
  • 56
    • 3542994053 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • 2 = 1.377 Å, φ = 36.5 deg, q = 39%.
  • 64
    • 0001707459 scopus 로고
    • Merer, A. J.; Schoonveld, L. Can. J. Phys. 1969, 47, 1731. Koppel, H.; Domcke, W.; Cederbaum, L. S.; von Niessen, W. J. Chem. Phys. 1978, 69, 4252. See also: Shiotani, M.; Nagata, Y.; Sohma, J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1984, 106, 4604. Fujisawa, J.; Sato, S.; Shimokoshi, K. Chem. Phys. Lett. 1986, 124, 391.
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    • Merer, A. J.; Schoonveld, L. Can. J. Phys. 1969, 47, 1731. Koppel, H.; Domcke, W.; Cederbaum, L. S.; von Niessen, W. J. Chem. Phys. 1978, 69, 4252. See also: Shiotani, M.; Nagata, Y.; Sohma, J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1984, 106, 4604. Fujisawa, J.; Sato, S.; Shimokoshi, K. Chem. Phys. Lett. 1986, 124, 391.
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    • Koppel, H.1    Domcke, W.2    Cederbaum, L.S.3    Von Niessen, W.4
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    • Merer, A. J.; Schoonveld, L. Can. J. Phys. 1969, 47, 1731. Koppel, H.; Domcke, W.; Cederbaum, L. S.; von Niessen, W. J. Chem. Phys. 1978, 69, 4252. See also: Shiotani, M.; Nagata, Y.; Sohma, J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1984, 106, 4604. Fujisawa, J.; Sato, S.; Shimokoshi, K. Chem. Phys. Lett. 1986, 124, 391.
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    • Shiotani, M.1    Nagata, Y.2    Sohma, J.3
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    • Merer, A. J.; Schoonveld, L. Can. J. Phys. 1969, 47, 1731. Koppel, H.; Domcke, W.; Cederbaum, L. S.; von Niessen, W. J. Chem. Phys. 1978, 69, 4252. See also: Shiotani, M.; Nagata, Y.; Sohma, J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1984, 106, 4604. Fujisawa, J.; Sato, S.; Shimokoshi, K. Chem. Phys. Lett. 1986, 124, 391.
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    • Fujisawa, J.1    Sato, S.2    Shimokoshi, K.3
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    • (b) Walczack, M.; Stucky, G. D. J. Organomet. Chem. 1975, 97, 313. Sekiguchi, A.; Nakanishi, T.; Kabuto, C.; Sakurai, H. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1989, 111, 3748. For the progressive structural changes in tetracyanoethylene, anion radical, and dianion with various countercations, see: Bock, H.; Ruppert, K.; Näther, C.; Havlas, Z.; Hermann, H.-F.; Arad, C.; Göbal, I.; John, A.; Meuret, J.; Nick, S.; Rauschenbach, A.; Seitz, W.; Vaupel, T.; Solokui, B. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1992, 31, 550 and references therein. Note also that theoretical calculations on ethylene dianion predict θ = 90° and d = 1.40 Å. Kos, A. J.; Jemmis, E. D.; Schleyer, P. v. R.; Gleiter, R.; Fishback, V.; Pople, J. A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1981, 103, 4996.
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    • Walczack, M.1    Stucky, G.D.2
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    • 0001123731 scopus 로고
    • (b) Walczack, M.; Stucky, G. D. J. Organomet. Chem. 1975, 97, 313. Sekiguchi, A.; Nakanishi, T.; Kabuto, C.; Sakurai, H. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1989, 111, 3748. For the progressive structural changes in tetracyanoethylene, anion radical, and dianion with various countercations, see: Bock, H.; Ruppert, K.; Näther, C.; Havlas, Z.; Hermann, H.-F.; Arad, C.; Göbal, I.; John, A.; Meuret, J.; Nick, S.; Rauschenbach, A.; Seitz, W.; Vaupel, T.; Solokui, B. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1992, 31, 550 and references therein. Note also that theoretical calculations on ethylene dianion predict θ = 90° and d = 1.40 Å. Kos, A. J.; Jemmis, E. D.; Schleyer, P. v. R.; Gleiter, R.; Fishback, V.; Pople, J. A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1981, 103, 4996.
    • (1989) J. Am. Chem. Soc. , vol.111 , pp. 3748
    • Sekiguchi, A.1    Nakanishi, T.2    Kabuto, C.3    Sakurai, H.4
  • 78
    • 33748819824 scopus 로고
    • (b) Walczack, M.; Stucky, G. D. J. Organomet. Chem. 1975, 97, 313. Sekiguchi, A.; Nakanishi, T.; Kabuto, C.; Sakurai, H. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1989, 111, 3748. For the progressive structural changes in tetracyanoethylene, anion radical, and dianion with various countercations, see: Bock, H.; Ruppert, K.; Näther, C.; Havlas, Z.; Hermann, H.-F.; Arad, C.; Göbal, I.; John, A.; Meuret, J.; Nick, S.; Rauschenbach, A.; Seitz, W.; Vaupel, T.; Solokui, B. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1992, 31, 550 and references therein. Note also that theoretical calculations on ethylene dianion predict θ = 90° and d = 1.40 Å. Kos, A. J.; Jemmis, E. D.; Schleyer, P. v. R.; Gleiter, R.; Fishback, V.; Pople, J. A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1981, 103, 4996.
    • (1992) Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. , vol.31 , pp. 550
    • Bock, H.1    Ruppert, K.2    Näther, C.3    Havlas, Z.4    Hermann, H.-F.5    Arad, C.6    Göbal, I.7    John, A.8    Meuret, J.9    Nick, S.10    Rauschenbach, A.11    Seitz, W.12    Vaupel, T.13    Solokui, B.14
  • 79
    • 0012621055 scopus 로고
    • (b) Walczack, M.; Stucky, G. D. J. Organomet. Chem. 1975, 97, 313. Sekiguchi, A.; Nakanishi, T.; Kabuto, C.; Sakurai, H. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1989, 111, 3748. For the progressive structural changes in tetracyanoethylene, anion radical, and dianion with various countercations, see: Bock, H.; Ruppert, K.; Näther, C.; Havlas, Z.; Hermann, H.-F.; Arad, C.; Göbal, I.; John, A.; Meuret, J.; Nick, S.; Rauschenbach, A.; Seitz, W.; Vaupel, T.; Solokui, B. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1992, 31, 550 and references therein. Note also that theoretical calculations on ethylene dianion predict θ = 90° and d = 1.40 Å. Kos, A. J.; Jemmis, E. D.; Schleyer, P. v. R.; Gleiter, R.; Fishback, V.; Pople, J. A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1981, 103, 4996.
    • (1981) J. Am. Chem. Soc. , vol.103 , pp. 4996
    • Kos, A.J.1    Jemmis, E.D.2    Schleyer, P.V.R.3    Gleiter, R.4    Fishback, V.5    Pople, J.A.6
  • 80
    • 3543029438 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • note
    • 44 The observed deviations in the values of θ from 90° in various tetraarylethylene dications may be a result of crystal packing forces.


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