메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 190, Issue 4, 1998, Pages 313-331

Ecological mechanisms of evolution by natural selection: Causal processes generating density-and-frequency dependent fitness

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EVOLUTION; FITNESS; NATURAL SELECTION; TROPHIC STRUCTURE;

EID: 0032554279     PISSN: 00225193     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1006/jtbi.1997.0554     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (12)

References (117)
  • 1
    • 0022669383 scopus 로고
    • Character displacement and neche shift analyzed using consumer-resource models of competition
    • ABRAMS, P. A. (1986). Character displacement and neche shift analyzed using consumer-resource models of competition. Theor. Popul. Biol. 29, 107-160.
    • (1986) Theor. Popul. Biol. , vol.29 , pp. 107-160
    • Abrams, P.A.1
  • 2
    • 0023486983 scopus 로고
    • Alternate models of character displacement. I. Displacement when there is competition for nutritionally essential resources
    • ABRAMS, P. A. (1987). Alternate models of character displacement. I. Displacement when there is competition for nutritionally essential resources. Evolution 41, 651-661.
    • (1987) Evolution , vol.41 , pp. 651-661
    • Abrams, P.A.1
  • 3
    • 0001306830 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of indirect effects in food webs
    • (Polis, G. A. & Winemiller, K. O., eds), New York: Chapman & Hall
    • ABRAMS, P. A., MENGE, B. A., MITTELBACH, G. G., SPILLER, D. A. & YODZIS, P. (1996). The role of indirect effects in food webs. In: Food Webs (Polis, G. A. & Winemiller, K. O., eds), pp. 371-395. New York: Chapman & Hall.
    • (1996) Food Webs , pp. 371-395
    • Abrams, P.A.1    Menge, B.A.2    Mittelbach, G.G.3    Spiller, D.A.4    Yodzis, P.5
  • 4
    • 0021920903 scopus 로고
    • Physiological characterization of adaptive clones in evolving populations of the yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae
    • ADAMS, J., PAQUIN, C., OELLER, P. W. & LEE, L. W. (1985). Physiological characterization of adaptive clones in evolving populations of the yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Genetics 110, 173-185.
    • (1985) Genetics , vol.110 , pp. 173-185
    • Adams, J.1    Paquin, C.2    Oeller, P.W.3    Lee, L.W.4
  • 5
    • 0001376027 scopus 로고
    • Genetic equilibrium under density-dependent selection
    • ANDERSON, W. (1971). Genetic equilibrium under density-dependent selection. Am. Nat. 105, 489-491.
    • (1971) Am. Nat. , vol.105 , pp. 489-491
    • Anderson, W.1
  • 6
    • 0000682302 scopus 로고
    • Dynamics of populations. I. Factors controlling population growth and population size in Drosophila serrata
    • AYALA, F. J. (1966). Dynamics of populations. I. Factors controlling population growth and population size in Drosophila serrata. Am. Nat. 100, 333-344.
    • (1966) Am. Nat. , vol.100 , pp. 333-344
    • Ayala, F.J.1
  • 7
    • 0014432415 scopus 로고
    • Genotype, environment and population numbers
    • AYALA, F. J. (1968). Genotype, environment and population numbers. Science 162, 1453-1459.
    • (1968) Science , vol.162 , pp. 1453-1459
    • Ayala, F.J.1
  • 8
    • 0019540405 scopus 로고
    • Fitness and density-dependent population growth in Drosophila melanogaster
    • AYALA, F. J. (1981). Fitness and density-dependent population growth in Drosophila melanogaster. Genetics 97, 667-677.
    • (1981) Genetics , vol.97 , pp. 667-677
    • Ayala, F.J.1
  • 9
    • 0002017255 scopus 로고
    • The meanings of competition
    • BIRCH, L. C. (1957). The meanings of competition. Am. Nat. 91, 5-18.
    • (1957) Am. Nat. , vol.91 , pp. 5-18
    • Birch, L.C.1
  • 10
    • 0010594081 scopus 로고
    • Natural selection and the criteria by which a theory is judged
    • BRADY, R. H. (1979). Natural selection and the criteria by which a theory is judged. System. Zool. 28, 600-621.
    • (1979) System. Zool. , vol.28 , pp. 600-621
    • Brady, R.H.1
  • 11
    • 0000161636 scopus 로고
    • Adaptation and evolutionary theory
    • BRANDON, R. N. (1978). Adaptation and evolutionary theory. Stud. Hist. Phil. Sci. 9, 181-206.
    • (1978) Stud. Hist. Phil. Sci. , vol.9 , pp. 181-206
    • Brandon, R.N.1
  • 13
    • 0002849813 scopus 로고
    • Coevolution as an evolutionary game
    • BROWN, J. S. & VINCENT, T. L. (1987). Coevolution as an evolutionary game. Evolution 41, 66-79.
    • (1987) Evolution , vol.41 , pp. 66-79
    • Brown, J.S.1    Vincent, T.L.2
  • 14
    • 0027044143 scopus 로고
    • Organization of predator-prey communities as an evolutionary game
    • BROWN, J. S. & VINCENT, T. L. (1992). Organization of predator-prey communities as an evolutionary game. Evolution 46, 1269-1283.
    • (1992) Evolution , vol.46 , pp. 1269-1283
    • Brown, J.S.1    Vincent, T.L.2
  • 15
    • 0041883396 scopus 로고
    • Microbial selection
    • BRYSON, V. & SZYBALSKI, W. (1952). Microbial selection. Science 116, 45-51.
    • (1952) Science , vol.116 , pp. 45-51
    • Bryson, V.1    Szybalski, W.2
  • 17
    • 0000075881 scopus 로고
    • Heterosis and fitness in experimental populations of Drosophila melanogaster
    • CARSON, H. L. (1961). Heterosis and fitness in experimental populations of Drosophila melanogaster. Evolution 15, 496-509.
    • (1961) Evolution , vol.15 , pp. 496-509
    • Carson, H.L.1
  • 18
    • 0001333091 scopus 로고
    • A complex community in a single habitat: An experimental study with bacteria and phase
    • CHAO, L., LEVIN, B. R. & STEWART, F. M. (1977). A complex community in a single habitat: an experimental study with bacteria and phase. Ecology 58, 369-378.
    • (1977) Ecology , vol.58 , pp. 369-378
    • Chao, L.1    Levin, B.R.2    Stewart, F.M.3
  • 19
    • 0001327030 scopus 로고
    • Structured habitats and the evolution of anticompetitor toxins in bacteria
    • CHAO, L. & LEVIN, B. R. (1981). Structured habitats and the evolution of anticompetitor toxins in bacteria. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 78, 6324-6328.
    • (1981) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. , vol.78 , pp. 6324-6328
    • Chao, L.1    Levin, B.R.2
  • 20
    • 0021868926 scopus 로고
    • The effects of wall populations on coexistence of bacteria in the liquid phase of chemostat cultures
    • CHAO, L. & RAMSDELL, G. (1985). The effects of wall populations on coexistence of bacteria in the liquid phase of chemostat cultures. Journal of General Microbiology 131, 1229-1236.
    • (1985) Journal of General Microbiology , vol.131 , pp. 1229-1236
    • Chao, L.1    Ramsdell, G.2
  • 21
    • 0001233471 scopus 로고
    • Selection density regulated populations
    • CHARLESWORTH, B. (1971). Selection density regulated populations. Ecology 52, 469-474.
    • (1971) Ecology , vol.52 , pp. 469-474
    • Charlesworth, B.1
  • 22
    • 0000195649 scopus 로고
    • Evolution and intraspecific exploitative competition. I. One-locus theory for small additive gene effects
    • CHRISTIANSEN, F. B. & LOESCHCKE, V. (1980). Evolution and intraspecific exploitative competition. I. One-locus theory for small additive gene effects. Theor. Popul. Biol. 18, 297-313.
    • (1980) Theor. Popul. Biol. , vol.18 , pp. 297-313
    • Christiansen, F.B.1    Loeschcke, V.2
  • 23
    • 0002840473 scopus 로고
    • Apparent vs. 'real' competition in plants
    • (Grace, J. & Tilman, D., eds), New York: Academic Press
    • CONNEL, J. H. (1990). Apparent vs. 'real' competition in plants. In: Perspectives on Plant Competition (Grace, J. & Tilman, D., eds), pp. 9-26. New York: Academic Press.
    • (1990) Perspectives on Plant Competition , pp. 9-26
    • Connel, J.H.1
  • 24
    • 0018704147 scopus 로고
    • Predator-mediated coexistence: An equilibrium interpretation
    • CROWLEY, P. H. (1979). Predator-mediated coexistence: an equilibrium interpretation. J. theor. Biol. 80, 129-144.
    • (1979) J. Theor. Biol. , vol.80 , pp. 129-144
    • Crowley, P.H.1
  • 25
    • 0004225270 scopus 로고
    • Cambridge MA: The MIT Press
    • CZIKO, G. (1995). Without Miracles. Cambridge MA: The MIT Press.
    • (1995) Without Miracles
    • Cziko, G.1
  • 26
    • 0022237237 scopus 로고
    • Selection among "species": A formulation in terms of natural functional units
    • DAMUTH, J. (1985). Selection among "species": a formulation in terms of natural functional units. Evolution 39, 1132-1146.
    • (1985) Evolution , vol.39 , pp. 1132-1146
    • Damuth, J.1
  • 28
    • 0003721795 scopus 로고
    • Oxford: W. H. Freeman and Company
    • DAWKINS, R. (1982). Extended Phenotype. Oxford: W. H. Freeman and Company.
    • (1982) Extended Phenotype
    • Dawkins, R.1
  • 29
    • 0010592241 scopus 로고
    • On some fundamental concepts of darwinian biology
    • DOBZHANSKY, TH. (1968). On some fundamental concepts of Darwinian biology. Evol. Biol. 2, 1-34.
    • (1968) Evol. Biol. , vol.2 , pp. 1-34
    • Dobzhansky, Th.1
  • 30
    • 0001007803 scopus 로고
    • The capacity for increase in chromosomally polymorphic and monomorphic populations of Drosophila pseudoobscura
    • DOBZHANSKY, TH., LEWONTIN, R. & PAVLOVSKY, O. (1964). The capacity for increase in chromosomally polymorphic and monomorphic populations of Drosophila pseudoobscura. Heredity 19, 597-641.
    • (1964) Heredity , vol.19 , pp. 597-641
    • Dobzhansky, Th.1    Lewontin, R.2    Pavlovsky, O.3
  • 31
    • 0025527885 scopus 로고
    • Experimental studies of natural selection in bacteria
    • DYKHUIZEN, D. E. (1990). Experimental studies of natural selection in bacteria. Ann. Rev. Ecol. System. 21, 373-398.
    • (1990) Ann. Rev. Ecol. System. , vol.21 , pp. 373-398
    • Dykhuizen, D.E.1
  • 32
    • 0000139226 scopus 로고
    • Evolution of competitive ability in Escherichia coli
    • DYKHUIZEN, D. E. & HARTL, D. L. (1981). Evolution of competitive ability in Escherichia coli. Evolution 35, 581-594.
    • (1981) Evolution , vol.35 , pp. 581-594
    • Dykhuizen, D.E.1    Hartl, D.L.2
  • 33
    • 0014684371 scopus 로고
    • Differentiation of populations
    • EHRLICH, P. R. & RAVEN, P. H. (1969). Differentiation of populations. Science 165, 1228-1232.
    • (1969) Science , vol.165 , pp. 1228-1232
    • Ehrlich, P.R.1    Raven, P.H.2
  • 36
    • 0002658825 scopus 로고
    • Conceptual and other problems in speciation
    • (Otte, D. & Endler, J. A., eds), Sunderland, Massachusetts: Sinauer Associates Inc.
    • ENDLER, J. A. (1989). Conceptual and other problems in speciation. In: Speciation and its Consequence (Otte, D. & Endler, J. A., eds), pp. 625-648. Sunderland, Massachusetts: Sinauer Associates Inc.
    • (1989) Speciation and Its Consequence , pp. 625-648
    • Endler, J.A.1
  • 37
    • 0024180568 scopus 로고
    • The processes of evolution: Toward a newer synthesis
    • ENDLER, J. A. & MCLELLAN, T. (1988). The processes of evolution: toward a newer synthesis. Ann. Rev. Ecol. System. 19, 395-421.
    • (1988) Ann. Rev. Ecol. System , vol.19 , pp. 395-421
    • Endler, J.A.1    McLellan, T.2
  • 39
    • 0022230433 scopus 로고
    • Genetic variation in the use of resources by insects
    • FUTUYMA, D. J. & PETERSON, S. C. (1985). Genetic variation in the use of resources by insects. Ann. Rev. Entomol. 30, 217-238.
    • (1985) Ann. Rev. Entomol. , vol.30 , pp. 217-238
    • Futuyma, D.J.1    Peterson, S.C.2
  • 40
    • 0001047738 scopus 로고
    • Intrinsic rates of increase, saturation densities, and competitive ability. I. An experiment with Paramecium
    • GILL, G. E. (1972). Intrinsic rates of increase, saturation densities, and competitive ability. I. An experiment with Paramecium. Am. Nat. 106, 461-471.
    • (1972) Am. Nat. , vol.106 , pp. 461-471
    • Gill, G.E.1
  • 41
    • 0002639713 scopus 로고
    • Limit cycles in competition communities
    • GILPIN, M. E. (1975). Limit cycles in competition communities. Am. Nat. 109, 51-60.
    • (1975) Am. Nat. , vol.109 , pp. 51-60
    • Gilpin, M.E.1
  • 43
    • 0028176438 scopus 로고
    • Assembly rules for communities for nutrient limited plants and specialist herbivores
    • GROVER, J. P. (1994). Assembly rules for communities for nutrient limited plants and specialist herbivores. Am. Nat. 143, 258-282.
    • (1994) Am. Nat. , vol.143 , pp. 258-282
    • Grover, J.P.1
  • 44
    • 0018868854 scopus 로고
    • Single-nutrient microbial competition: Qualitative agreement between experimental and theoretically forecast outcomes
    • HANSEN, S. R. & HUBBELL, S. P. (1980). Single-nutrient microbial competition: qualitative agreement between experimental and theoretically forecast outcomes. Science 207, 1491-1493.
    • (1980) Science , vol.207 , pp. 1491-1493
    • Hansen, S.R.1    Hubbell, S.P.2
  • 45
    • 0023376305 scopus 로고
    • Evolution of Escherichia coli during growth in a constant environment
    • HELLING, R. B., VARGAS, C. N. & ADAMS, J. (1987). Evolution of Escherichia coli during growth in a constant environment. Genetics 116, 349-358.
    • (1987) Genetics , vol.116 , pp. 349-358
    • Helling, R.B.1    Vargas, C.N.2    Adams, J.3
  • 46
    • 0017544146 scopus 로고
    • Predation, apparent competition, and the structure of prey communities
    • HOLT, R. D. (1977). Predation, apparent competition, and the structure of prey communities. Theor. Pop. Biol. 12, 197-229.
    • (1977) Theor. Pop. Biol. , vol.12 , pp. 197-229
    • Holt, R.D.1
  • 47
    • 0021569415 scopus 로고
    • Spatial heterogeneity, indirect interactions, and the coexistence of prey species
    • HOLT, R. D. (1984). Spatial heterogeneity, indirect interactions, and the coexistence of prey species. Am. Nat. 124, 377-406.
    • (1984) Am. Nat. , vol.124 , pp. 377-406
    • Holt, R.D.1
  • 48
    • 0028165936 scopus 로고
    • The ecological consequences of shared natural enemies
    • HOLT, R. D. & LAWTON, J. H. (1994). The ecological consequences of shared natural enemies. Ann. Rev. Ecol. System. 25, 495-520.
    • (1994) Ann. Rev. Ecol. System , vol.25 , pp. 495-520
    • Holt, R.D.1    Lawton, J.H.2
  • 49
    • 0028163952 scopus 로고
    • Simple rules for inter specific dominance in systems with exploitative and apparent competition
    • HOLT, R. D., GROVER, J. & TILMAN, D. (1994). Simple rules for inter specific dominance in systems with exploitative and apparent competition. Am. Nat. 144, 741-771.
    • (1994) Am. Nat. , vol.144 , pp. 741-771
    • Holt, R.D.1    Grover, J.2    Tilman, D.3
  • 52
    • 0021544207 scopus 로고
    • Enemy free space and the structure of ecological communities
    • JEFFERIES, M. J. & LAWTON, J. H. (1984). Enemy free space and the structure of ecological communities. Biol. J. Linnean Soc. 23, 269-286.
    • (1984) Biol. J. Linnean Soc. , vol.23 , pp. 269-286
    • Jefferies, M.J.1    Lawton, J.H.2
  • 55
    • 0002183106 scopus 로고
    • The coevolution and stability of competing species
    • LAWLOR, L. R. & MAYNARD SMITH. (1976). The coevolution and stability of competing species. Am. Nat. 110, 79-99.
    • (1976) Am. Nat. , vol.110 , pp. 79-99
    • Lawlor, L.R.1    Smith, M.2
  • 56
    • 0028975546 scopus 로고
    • The niche concept revisited: Mechanistic models and community context
    • LEIBOLD, M. A. (1995). The niche concept revisited: mechanistic models and community context. Ecology 76, 1371-1382.
    • (1995) Ecology , vol.76 , pp. 1371-1382
    • Leibold, M.A.1
  • 57
    • 0030472659 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A graphical model of keystone predators in food webs: Trophic regulation of abundance, incidence, and diversity patterns in communities
    • LEIBOLD, M. A. (1996). A graphical model of keystone predators in food webs: trophic regulation of abundance, incidence, and diversity patterns in communities. Am. Nat. 147, 784-812.
    • (1996) Am. Nat. , vol.147 , pp. 784-812
    • Leibold, M.A.1
  • 58
    • 0022216068 scopus 로고
    • Constraints on the coevolution of bacteria and virulent phase
    • LENSKI, R. E. & LEVIN, B. R. (1985). Constraints on the coevolution of bacteria and virulent phase. Am. Nat. 125, 585-602.
    • (1985) Am. Nat. , vol.125 , pp. 585-602
    • Lenski, R.E.1    Levin, B.R.2
  • 59
    • 0026279651 scopus 로고
    • Long-term experimental evolution in Escherichia coli. I. Adaptation and divergence during 2,000 generations
    • LENSKI, R. E., ROSE, M. R., SIMPSON, S. C. & TADLER, S. C. (1991). Long-term experimental evolution in Escherichia coli. I. Adaptation and divergence during 2,000 generations. Am. Nat. 138, 1315-1341.
    • (1991) Am. Nat. , vol.138 , pp. 1315-1341
    • Lenski, R.E.1    Rose, M.R.2    Simpson, S.C.3    Tadler, S.C.4
  • 60
    • 0002104432 scopus 로고
    • Evolution in communities near equilibrium
    • (Cody, M. L. & Diamond, J. M., eds), Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press
    • LEVINS, R. (1975). Evolution in communities near equilibrium. In: Ecology and Evolution of Communities (Cody, M. L. & Diamond, J. M., eds), pp. 16-50. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
    • (1975) Ecology and Evolution of Communities , pp. 16-50
    • Levins, R.1
  • 63
    • 0021509150 scopus 로고
    • Evolution and intraspecific exploitative competition. II. A two-locus model for additive gene effects
    • LOESCHCKE, V. & CHRISTIANSEN, F. B. (1984). Evolution and intraspecific exploitative competition. II. A two-locus model for additive gene effects. Theor. Popul. Biol. 26, 228-264.
    • (1984) Theor. Popul. Biol. , vol.26 , pp. 228-264
    • Loeschcke, V.1    Christiansen, F.B.2
  • 64
    • 0014778498 scopus 로고
    • Species packing and competitive equilibrium for many species
    • MACARTHUR, R. H. (1970). Species packing and competitive equilibrium for many species. Theor. Pop. Biol. 1, 1-11.
    • (1970) Theor. Pop. Biol. , vol.1 , pp. 1-11
    • MacArthur, R.H.1
  • 66
    • 0014084144 scopus 로고
    • Genetic loads affecting fecundity in natural populations of Drosophila pseudoobscura
    • MARINKOVIC, D. (1967). Genetic loads affecting fecundity in natural populations of Drosophila pseudoobscura. Genetics 56, 61-71.
    • (1967) Genetics , vol.56 , pp. 61-71
    • Marinkovic, D.1
  • 67
    • 0019515341 scopus 로고
    • Coevolution of species in competition: A theoretical study
    • MATESSI, C. & JAYAKAR, S. D. (1981). Coevolution of species in competition: a theoretical study. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 78, 1081-1084.
    • (1981) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. , vol.78 , pp. 1081-1084
    • Matessi, C.1    Jayakar, S.D.2
  • 68
    • 0000081226 scopus 로고
    • Does K-selection imply prudent predation?
    • MATESSI, C. & GATTO, M. (1984). Does K-selection imply prudent predation? Theor. Popul. Biol. 25, 347-363.
    • (1984) Theor. Popul. Biol. , vol.25 , pp. 347-363
    • Matessi, C.1    Gatto, M.2
  • 70
    • 0029668358 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of predator-specific defence on biodiversity and community complexity in two-trophic-level communities
    • MATSUDA, H., HORI, M. & ABRAMS, P. A. (1996). Effects of predator-specific defence on biodiversity and community complexity in two-trophic-level communities. Evol. Ecol. 10, 13-28.
    • (1996) Evol. Ecol. , vol.10 , pp. 13-28
    • Matsuda, H.1    Hori, M.2    Abrams, P.A.3
  • 74
    • 0000433312 scopus 로고
    • The propensity interpretation of fitness
    • MILLS, S. K. & BEATTY, J. H. (1979). The propensity interpretation of fitness. Philos. Sci. 46, 263-286.
    • (1979) Philos. Sci. , vol.46 , pp. 263-286
    • Mills, S.K.1    Beatty, J.H.2
  • 76
    • 0025661758 scopus 로고
    • Population dynamics, genetic change, and the measurement of fitness
    • MURRAY, B. G., JR. (1990). Population dynamics, genetic change, and the measurement of fitness. Oikos 59, 189-199.
    • (1990) Oikos , vol.59 , pp. 189-199
    • Murray B.G., Jr.1
  • 77
    • 0028163076 scopus 로고
    • Evolutionary changes of ecological traits of bacterial populations through predator-mediated competition 1. Experimental analysis
    • NAKAJIMA, T. & KURIHARA, Y. (1994a). Evolutionary changes of ecological traits of bacterial populations through predator-mediated competition 1. Experimental analysis. Oikos 71, 24-34.
    • (1994) Oikos , vol.71 , pp. 24-34
    • Nakajima, T.1    Kurihara, Y.2
  • 78
    • 0028163074 scopus 로고
    • Evolutionary changes of ecological traits of bacterial populations through predator-mediated competition 2. Theoretical considerations
    • NAKAJIMA, T. & KURIHARA, Y. (1994b). Evolutionary changes of ecological traits of bacterial populations through predator-mediated competition 2. Theoretical considerations. Oikos 71, 35-39.
    • (1994) Oikos , vol.71 , pp. 35-39
    • Nakajima, T.1    Kurihara, Y.2
  • 79
    • 0010638004 scopus 로고
    • The role of competition in determining animal populations
    • NICHOLSON, A. J. (1937). The role of competition in determining animal populations. J. Counc. Sci. Industr. Res. Aust. 10, 101-106.
    • (1937) J. Counc. Sci. Industr. Res. Aust. , vol.10 , pp. 101-106
    • Nicholson, A.J.1
  • 80
    • 0021069904 scopus 로고
    • Relative fitness can decrease in evolving asexual populations of S. cerevisiae
    • PAQUIN, C. E. & ADAMS, J. (1983). Relative fitness can decrease in evolving asexual populations of S. cerevisiae. Nature 306, 368-371.
    • (1983) Nature , vol.306 , pp. 368-371
    • Paquin, C.E.1    Adams, J.2
  • 83
    • 0001166367 scopus 로고
    • The relation between fitness components and population prediction in Drosophila. I: The estimation of fitness components
    • PROUT, T. (1971a). The relation between fitness components and population prediction in Drosophila. I: the estimation of fitness components. Genetics 68, 127-149.
    • (1971) Genetics , vol.68 , pp. 127-149
    • Prout, T.1
  • 84
    • 0001166367 scopus 로고
    • The relation between fitness components and population prediction in Drosophila. II: Population prediction
    • PROUT, T. (1971b). The relation between fitness components and population prediction in Drosophila. II: population prediction. Genetics 68, 151-167.
    • (1971) Genetics , vol.68 , pp. 151-167
    • Prout, T.1
  • 85
    • 0010594499 scopus 로고
    • Some relationships between density-independent selection and density-dependent population growth
    • PROUT, T. (1980). Some relationships between density-independent selection and density-dependent population growth. Evol. Biol. 13, 1-68.
    • (1980) Evol. Biol. , vol.13 , pp. 1-68
    • Prout, T.1
  • 87
    • 0010626485 scopus 로고
    • The supervenience of biological concepts
    • ROSENBERG, A. (1978). The supervenience of biological concepts. Philosophy of Science 45, 368-386.
    • (1978) Philosophy of Science , vol.45 , pp. 368-386
    • Rosenberg, A.1
  • 89
    • 0001438872 scopus 로고
    • Density-dependent natural selection
    • ROUGHGARDEN, J. (1971). Density-dependent natural selection. Ecology 52, 453-468.
    • (1971) Ecology , vol.52 , pp. 453-468
    • Roughgarden, J.1
  • 91
    • 0003066777 scopus 로고
    • The theory of coevolution
    • (Ftuyma, D. J. & Slatkin, M., eds), New York: Sinauer Associates
    • ROUGHGARDEN, J. (1983). The theory of coevolution. In: Coevolution (Ftuyma, D. J. & Slatkin, M., eds), pp. 33-64. New York: Sinauer Associates.
    • (1983) Coevolution , pp. 33-64
    • Roughgarden, J.1
  • 93
    • 0028975907 scopus 로고
    • Resource polymorphism invertebrates
    • SKÚLASON, S. & SMITH, T. B. (1995). Resource polymorphism invertebrates. Trends Ecol. Evol. 10, 366-370.
    • (1995) Trends Ecol. Evol. , vol.10 , pp. 366-370
    • Skúlason, S.1    Smith, T.B.2
  • 94
    • 0000528661 scopus 로고
    • Theory of feeding strategies
    • SCHOENER, T. W. (1971). Theory of feeding strategies. Ann. Rev. Ecol. System. 2, 369-404.
    • (1971) Ann. Rev. Ecol. System. , vol.2 , pp. 369-404
    • Schoener, T.W.1
  • 95
    • 0015593947 scopus 로고
    • Population growth regulated by intraspecific competition for energy or time: Some simple representations
    • SCHOENER, T. W. (1973). Population growth regulated by intraspecific competition for energy or time: some simple representations. Theor. Popul. Biol. 4, 56-84.
    • (1973) Theor. Popul. Biol. , vol.4 , pp. 56-84
    • Schoener, T.W.1
  • 96
    • 0016143342 scopus 로고
    • Competition and the form of habitat shift
    • SCHOENER, T. W. (1974). Competition and the form of habitat shift. Theor. Popul. Biol. 6, 265-307.
    • (1974) Theor. Popul. Biol. , vol.6 , pp. 265-307
    • Schoener, T.W.1
  • 97
    • 0017221557 scopus 로고
    • Alternatives to Lotka-Volterra competition: Models of intermediate complexity
    • SCHOENER, T. W. (1976). Alternatives to Lotka-Volterra competition: models of intermediate complexity. Theor. Popul. Biol. 10, 309-333.
    • (1976) Theor. Popul. Biol. , vol.10 , pp. 309-333
    • Schoener, T.W.1
  • 98
    • 0022853792 scopus 로고
    • Mechanistic approaches to community ecology: A new reductionism?
    • SCHOENER, T. W. (1986). Mechanistic approaches to community ecology: a new reductionism? Amer. Zool. 26, 81-106.
    • (1986) Amer. Zool. , vol.26 , pp. 81-106
    • Schoener, T.W.1
  • 99
    • 0000797873 scopus 로고
    • The implications of density-dependent population growth for frequency- and density-dependent selection
    • SMOUSE, P. E. (1976). The implications of density-dependent population growth for frequency- and density-dependent selection. Am. Nat. 110, 849-860.
    • (1976) Am. Nat. , vol.110 , pp. 849-860
    • Smouse, P.E.1
  • 103
    • 0000324665 scopus 로고
    • Partitioning of resources and the outcome of interspecific competition: A model and some general considerations
    • STEWART, F. M. & LEVIN, B. R. (1973). Partitioning of resources and the outcome of interspecific competition: a model and some general considerations. Am. Nat. 107, 171-198.
    • (1973) Am. Nat. , vol.107 , pp. 171-198
    • Stewart, F.M.1    Levin, B.R.2
  • 104
    • 0000817765 scopus 로고
    • Resource competition between planktonic algae: An experimental and theoretical approach
    • TILMAN, D. (1977). Resource competition between planktonic algae: an experimental and theoretical approach. Ecology 58, 338-348.
    • (1977) Ecology , vol.58 , pp. 338-348
    • Tilman, D.1
  • 105
    • 0000245739 scopus 로고
    • Resources: A graphical-mechanistic approach to competition and predation
    • TILMAN, D. (1980). Resources: a graphical-mechanistic approach to competition and predation. Am. Nat. 116, 362-393.
    • (1980) Am. Nat. , vol.116 , pp. 362-393
    • Tilman, D.1
  • 107
    • 0025243140 scopus 로고
    • Constraints and tradeoffs: Toward a perspective theory of competition and succession
    • TILMAN, D. (1990). Constraints and tradeoffs: toward a perspective theory of competition and succession. Oikos 58, 3-15.
    • (1990) Oikos , vol.58 , pp. 3-15
    • Tilman, D.1
  • 108
    • 0000976060 scopus 로고
    • Blending ecology and genetics: Progress toward a unified population biology
    • (Roughgarden, J., May, R. M. & Levin, S. A., eds), Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press
    • TRAVIS, J. & MUELLER, L. D. (1989). Blending ecology and genetics: progress toward a unified population biology. In: Perspectives in Ecological Theory (Roughgarden, J., May, R. M. & Levin, S. A., eds), pp. 101-124. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
    • (1989) Perspectives in Ecological Theory , pp. 101-124
    • Travis, J.1    Mueller, L.D.2
  • 109
    • 0001733213 scopus 로고
    • Predation and resource partitioning in one predator-two prey model communities
    • VANCE, R. R. (1978). Predation and resource partitioning in one predator-two prey model communities. Am. Nat. 112, 797-813.
    • (1978) Am. Nat. , vol.112 , pp. 797-813
    • Vance, R.R.1
  • 111
    • 0022838376 scopus 로고
    • The hierarchical expansion of sorting and selection: Sorting and selection cannot be equated
    • VRBA, E. S. & GOULD, S. J. (1986). The hierarchical expansion of sorting and selection: sorting and selection cannot be equated. Paleobiology 12, 217-228.
    • (1986) Paleobiology , vol.12 , pp. 217-228
    • Vrba, E.S.1    Gould, S.J.2
  • 112
    • 0001719101 scopus 로고
    • A revised scheme for the classification of population interactions
    • WALLACE, A. & MITCHELL, P. (1989). A revised scheme for the classification of population interactions. Oikos 56, 141-143.
    • (1989) Oikos , vol.56 , pp. 141-143
    • Wallace, A.1    Mitchell, P.2
  • 113
    • 0001868584 scopus 로고
    • Polymorphism, population size, and genetic load
    • (Lewontin, R. C., ed.), New York: Syracuse University Press
    • WALLACE, B. (1968). Polymorphism, population size, and genetic load. In: Population Biology and Evolution (Lewontin, R. C., ed.), pp. 87-108. New York: Syracuse University Press.
    • (1968) Population Biology and Evolution , pp. 87-108
    • Wallace, B.1
  • 114
    • 0016645798 scopus 로고
    • Hard and soft selection revisited
    • WALLACE, B. (1975). Hard and soft selection revisited. Evolution 29, 465-473.
    • (1975) Evolution , vol.29 , pp. 465-473
    • Wallace, B.1
  • 116
    • 0022854366 scopus 로고
    • Stable underdominance and the evolutionary invasion of empty niches
    • WILSON, D. S. & TURELLI, M. (1986). Stable underdominance and the evolutionary invasion of empty niches. Am. Nat. 127, 835-850.
    • (1986) Am. Nat. , vol.127 , pp. 835-850
    • Wilson, D.S.1    Turelli, M.2
  • 117
    • 0027040723 scopus 로고
    • Resource-dependent selection
    • YI, T. & SONGLING, Z. (1992). Resource-dependent selection. J. theor. Biol. 159, 387-395.
    • (1992) J. Theor. Biol. , vol.159 , pp. 387-395
    • Yi, T.1    Songling, Z.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.