A comparison of nebulized budesonide, intramuscular dexamethasone, and placebo for moderately severe croup

New England Journal of Medicine

Volumn 339, Issue 8, 1998, Pages 498-503

  Johnson, David W ^a,d   Jacobson, Sheila ^b   Edney, Peter C ^c   Hadfield, Pat ^b   Mundy, Marianne E ^a   Schuh, Suzanne ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALGARY   (Canada)

^b HOSPITAL FOR SICK CHILDREN   (Canada)

^c Astra Pharma Inc   (Canada)

^d ALBERTA CHILDREN'S HOSPITAL   (Canada)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BUDESONIDE; DEXAMETHASONE; PLACEBO; RACEPINEFRINE;

ARTICLE; CHILD; CLINICAL TRIAL; CONTROLLED STUDY; CORTICOSTEROID THERAPY; CROUP; DOUBLE BLIND PROCEDURE; DRUG MIXTURE; FEMALE; HOSPITALIZATION; HUMAN; INHALATIONAL DRUG ADMINISTRATION; INTRAMUSCULAR DRUG ADMINISTRATION; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; NEBULIZATION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; SCORING SYSTEM; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

ADMINISTRATION, INHALATION; ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE; BRONCHODILATOR AGENTS; BUDESONIDE; CHILD, PRESCHOOL; CROUP; DEXAMETHASONE; DOUBLE-BLIND METHOD; EMERGENCY SERVICE, HOSPITAL; EPINEPHRINE; FEMALE; GLUCOCORTICOIDS; HOSPITALIZATION; HUMANS; INFANT; INJECTIONS, INTRAMUSCULAR; LOGISTIC MODELS; MALE; NASOPHARYNX; NEBULIZERS AND VAPORIZERS;

EID: 0032552232     PISSN: 00284793     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1056/NEJM199808203390802     Document Type: Article

References (24)

1. Denny FW, Murphy TF, Clyde WA Jr, Collier AM, Henderson FW. Croup: an 11-year study in a pediatric practice. Pediatrics 1983;71:871-6.
2. Klassen TP, Feldman ME, Watters LK, Sutcliffe T, Rowe PC. Nebulized budesonide for children with mild-to-moderate croup. N Engl J Med 1994;331:285-9.
3. Johnson DW, Schuh S, Koren G, Jaffe DM. Outpatient treatment of croup with nebulized dexamethasone. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med 1996;150:349-55.
4. Geelhoed GC, Macdonald WBG. Oral and inhaled steroids in croup: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Pediatr Pulmonol 1995;20:355-61.
5. Husby S, Agertoft L, Mortensen S, Pedersen S. Treatment of croup with nebulized steroid (budesonide): a double blind, placebo-controlled study. Arch Dis Child 1993;68:352-5.
6. Godden CW, Campbell MJ, Hussey M, Cogswell JJ. Double-blind placebo controlled trial of nebulised budesonide for croup. Arch Dis Child 1997;76:155-8.
7. Geelhoed GC. Croup. Pediatr Pulmonol 1997;23:370-4.
8. Westley CR, Cotton EK, Brooks JG. Nebulized racemic epinephrine by IPPB for the treatment of croup: a double-blind study. Am J Dis Child 1978;132:484-7.
9. Daum RS, Smith AL. Epiglottitis (supraglottitis). In: Feigin RD, Cherry JD, eds. Textbook of pediatric infectious diseases. 3rd ed. Vol. 1. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders, 1992:197-209.
10. Cherry JD. Croup (laryngitis, laryngotracheitis, spasmodic croup, and laryngotracheobronchitis). In: Feigin RD, Cherry JD, eds. Textbook of pediatric infectious diseases. 3rd ed. Vol. 1. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders, 1992:209-20.
11. Geller NL, Pocock SJ. Interim analyses in randomized clinical trials: ramifications and guidelines for practitioners. Biometrics 1987;43:213-23.
12. Shapiro SS, Wilk MB. An analysis of variance test for normality (complete samples). Biometrika 1965;52:591-611.
13. Altman DG. Practical statistics for medical research. London: Chapman & Hall, 1991.
14. Stokes ME, Davis CS, Koch GG. Categorical data analysis using the SAS system. Cary, N.C.: SAS Institute, 1995.
15. Norman GR. Issues in the use of change scores in randomized trials. J Clin Epidemiol 1989;42:1097-105.
16. Neter J, Wasserman W, Kutner MH. Applied linear statistical models: regression, analysis of variance, and experimental designs. Homewood, Ill.: Richard D. Irwin, 1985.
17. Loew D, Schuster O, Graul EH. Dose-dependent pharmacokinetics of dexamethasone. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 1986;30:225-30.
18. Roberts GW, Rossi S. Compatibility of nebuliser solutions. Aust J Hosp Pharm 1993;23:35-7.
19. Klassen TP, Watters LK, Feldman ME, Sutcliffe T, Rowe PC. The efficacy of nebulized budesonide in dexamethasone-treated outpatients with croup. Pediatrics 1996;97:463-6.
20. Fitzgerald D, Mellis C, Johnson M, Allen H, Cooper P, Van Asperen P. Nebulized budesonide is as effective as nebulized adrenaline in moderately severe croup. Pediatrics 1996;97:722-5.
21. Hess D, Fisher D, Williams P, Pooler S, Kacmarek RM. Medication nebulizer performance: effects of diluent volume, nebulizer flow, and nebulizer brand. Chest 1996;110:498-505.
22. Simonsson BG. Anatomical and pathophysiological considerations in aerosol therapy. Eur J Respir Dis Suppl 1982;119:7-14.
23. Cherry J. The treatment of croup: continued controversy due to failure of recognition of historic, ecologic, etiologic and clinical perspectives. J Pediatr 1979;94:352-4.
24. Tunnessen WW Jr, Feinstein AR. The steroid-croup controversy: an analytic review of methodologic problems. J Pediatr 1980;96:751-6.