A proposed path by which genes common to mammalian X and Y chromosomes evolve to become X inactivated

Nature

Volumn 394, Issue 6695, 1998, Pages 776-780

  Jegalian, Karin ^a   Page, David C ^a  

^a HOWARD HUGHES MEDICAL INSTITUTE   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; DNA METHYLATION; EVOLUTION; GENETIC ANALYSIS; MAMMAL; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; X CHROMOSOME; X CHROMOSOME INACTIVATION; Y CHROMOSOME;

ANIMALS; CELL LINE; CPG ISLANDS; DNA METHYLATION; DNA-BINDING PROTEINS; DOSAGE COMPENSATION, GENETIC; EVOLUTION, MOLECULAR; FEMALE; HUMANS; MALE; MAMMALS; MODELS, GENETIC; MOLECULAR SEQUENCE DATA; MULTIGENE FAMILY; PROTEINS; RIBOSOMAL PROTEINS; TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS; X CHROMOSOME; Y CHROMOSOME;

MAMMALIA; PRIMATES; RODENTIA; SCIUROGNATHI;

EID: 0032552194     PISSN: 00280836     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1038/29522     Document Type: Article

References (30)

1. Ohno, S. Sex Chromosomes and Sex-linked Genes (Springer, Berlin, 1967).
2. Graves, J. A. & Schmidt, M. M. Mammalian sex chromosomes: design or accident? Curr. Opin. Genet. Dev. 2, 890-901 (1992).
3. Lyon, M. F. Evolution of X-chromosome inactivation in mammals. Nature 250, 651-653 (1974).
4. Disteche, C. M. The great escape. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 60, 1312-1315 (1997).
5. Cross, S. H. & Bird, A. P. CpG islands and genes. Curr. Opin. Genet. Dev. 5, 309-314 (1995).
6. Tribioli, C. et al. Methylation and sequence analysis around EagI sites: identification of 28 new CpG islands in Xq24-Xq28. Nucl. Acids Res. 20, 727-733 (1992).
7. Migeon, B. R. et al. Adrenoleukodystrophy: evidence for X linkage, inactivation, and selection favoring the mutant allele in heterozygous cells. Proc Natl Acad. Sci. USA 78, 5066-5070 (1981).
8. Brown, C. J., Carrel, L. & Willard, H. F. Expression of genes from the human active and inactive X chromosomes. Am. J. Hum. Genet. 60, 1333-1343 (1997).
9. Schneider-Gädicke, A., Beer-Romero, P., Brown, L. G., Nussbaum, R. & Page, D. C. ZFX has a gene structure similar to ZFY, the putative human sex determinant, and escapes X inactivation. Cell 57, 1247-1258 (1989).
10. Luoh, S. W. et al. CpG islands in human ZFX and ZFY and mouse Zfx genes: sequence similarities and methylation differences. Genomics 29, 353-363 (1995).
11. Ashworth, A., Rastan, S., Lovell-Badge, R. & Kay, G. X-chromosome inactivation may explain the difference in viability of XO humans and mice. Nature 351, 406-408 (1991).
12. Adler, D. A., Bressler, S. L., Chapman, V. M., Page, D. C. & Disteche, C. M. Inactivation of the Zfx gene on the mouse X chromosome. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 88, 4592-4595 (1991).
13. Fisher, E. M. et al. Homologous ribosomal protein genes on the human X and Y chromosomes: escape from X inactivation and possible implications for Turner syndrome. Cell 63, 1205-1218 (1990).
14. Zinn, A. R. et al. Inactivation of the Rps4 gene on the mouse X chromosome. Genomics 11, 1097-1101 (1991).
15. Aguinik, A. I. et al. A novel X gene with a widely transcribed Y-linked homologue escapes X-inactivation in mouse and human. Hum. Mol. Genet. 3, 879-884 (1994).
16. Wu, J. et al. Isolation and characterization of XE169, a novel human gene that escapes X-inactivation. Hum. Mol. Genet. 3, 153-160 (1994).
17. Wu, J. et al. The murine Xe169 gene escapes X-inactivation like its human homologue. Nature Genet. 7, 491-496 (1994).
18. Charlesworth, B. The evolution of chromosomal sex determination and dosage compensation. Curr. Biol. 6, 149-162 (1996).
19. Rice, W. R. Evolution of the Y sex chromosome in animals. BioScience 46, 331-343 (1996).
20. Aguinik, A. I., Mitchell, M. J., Lerner, J. L., Woods, D. R. & Bishop, C. E. A mouse Y chromosome gene encoded by a region essential for spermatogenesis and expression of male-specific minor histocompatibility antigens. Hum. Mol. Genet. 3, 873-878 (1994).
21. Mahaffey, C. L. et al. Intron/exon structure confirms that mouse Zfy1 and Zfy2 are members of the ZFY gene family. Genomics 41, 123-127 (1997).
22. Omoe, K. & Endo, A. Relationship between the monosomy X phenotype and Y-linked ribosomal protein S4 (Rps4) in several species of mammals: a molecular evolutionary analysis of Rps4 homologs. Genomics 31, 44-50 (1996).
23. Muller, H. J. Evidence of the precision of genetic adaptation. Harvey Lect. 43, 165-229 (1950).
24. Adler, D. A. et al. Evidence of evolutionary up-regulation of the single active X chromosome in mammals based on Clc4 expression levels in Mus spretus and Mus musculus. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 94, 9244-9248 (1997).
25. Goldman, M. A. The chromatin domain as a unit of gene regulation. BioEssays 9, 50-55 (1988).
26. Page, D. C. et al. The sex-determining region of the human Y chromosome encodes a finger protein. Cell 51, 1091-1104 (1987).
27. Lovett, M., Kere, J. & Hinton, L. M. Direct selection: a method for the isolation of cDNAs encoded by large genomic regions. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 88, 9628-9632 (1991).
28. Novacek, M. J. Mammalian phylogeny: shaking the tree. Nature 356, 121-125 (1992).
29. Sinclair, A. H. et al. Sequences homologous to ZFY, a candidate human sex-determining gene, are autosomal in marsupials. Nature 336, 780-783 (1988).
30. D'Esposito, M. et al. A synaptobrevin-like gene in the Xq28 pseudoautosomal region undergoes X inactivation. Nature Genet. 13, 227-229 (1996).