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v is the number of magnitudes by which a star would be brighter if there were no interstellar absorption. Magnitude is defined as -2.5 log (brightness), so -2.5 magnitudes corresponds to one power of ten in brightness.
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The UKIRT is operated by the Joint Astronomy Centre on behalf of the U.K. Particle Physics and Astronomy Research Council. CGS4 is a grating spectrometer for the region from 1 to 5 μm, currently incorporating a 256 by 256 InSb array. For details on the CGS4 spectrometer, see C. M. Mountain, D. J. Robertson, T. J. Lee, R. Wade, Proc. Soc. Photo.-Opt. Instrum. Eng. 1235, 25 (1990).
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7144250889
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in press
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The KPNO, a division of the National Optical Astronomy Observatories, is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under cooperative agreement with the National Science Foundation. For details on the Phoenix spectrometer, see K. H. Hinkle et al., Proc. Soc. Photo.-Opt. Instrum. Eng., in press.
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Hinkle, K.H.1
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7144262106
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note
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13CO (J = 2→1) were also obtained at the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope (JCMT) on 5 August 1997 and 13 November 1997, respectively. The JCMT is operated by the Joint Astronomy Centre on behalf of the U.K. Particle Physics and Astronomy Research Council, the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research, and the National Research Council of Canada. We obtained the CO measurements at the JCMT using the heterodyne receiver A2.
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7144229002
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note
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2 were provided to us by J. K. G. Watson.
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19
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7144252844
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note
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+ data, although the systematic uncertainty due to atmospheric interference is difficult to estimate.
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-
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20
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2742526950
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+ chemistry in the interstellar medium have been discussed in the literature. See, for example, S. Lepp, A. Dalgarno, A. Sternberg Astrophys. J. 321, 383 (1987), and J. H. Black, E. F. van Dishoeck, S. P. Winner, R. C. Woods, ibid. 358, 459 (1990).
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Lepp, S.1
Dalgarno, A.2
Sternberg, A.3
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0001366074
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+ chemistry in the interstellar medium have been discussed in the literature. See, for example, S. Lepp, A. Dalgarno, A. Sternberg Astrophys. J. 321, 383 (1987), and J. H. Black, E. F. van Dishoeck, S. P. Winner, R. C. Woods, ibid. 358, 459 (1990).
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Black, J.H.1
Van Dishoeck, E.F.2
Winner, S.P.3
Woods, R.C.4
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7144258797
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note
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+ chemistry.
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26
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33749182019
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J. A. Cardelli, D. M. Meyer, M. Jura, B. D. Savage, ibid. 467, 334 (1996).
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0001604316
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v/E(B-V) = 3.09 [G. H. Rieke and M. J. Lebofsky, Astrophys. J. 288, 618 (1985)]. The optical depth of the silicate feature at 9.7 μm [G. H. Rieke, Astrophys. J. 193, L81 (1974)] may also constrain the column density of H.
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(1978)
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Bohlin, R.C.1
Savage, B.D.2
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0000011228
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v/E(B-V) = 3.09 [G. H. Rieke and M. J. Lebofsky, Astrophys. J. 288, 618 (1985)]. The optical depth of the silicate feature at 9.7 μm [G. H. Rieke, Astrophys. J. 193, L81 (1974)] may also constrain the column density of H.
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Rieke, G.H.1
Lebofsky, M.J.2
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0041369511
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v/E(B-V) = 3.09 [G. H. Rieke and M. J. Lebofsky, Astrophys. J. 288, 618 (1985)]. The optical depth of the silicate feature at 9.7 μm [G. H. Rieke, Astrophys. J. 193, L81 (1974)] may also constrain the column density of H.
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(1974)
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Rieke, G.H.1
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36
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7144261430
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note
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We thank G. Sandell and R. P. Tilanus for obtaining the JCMT CO spectra; E. Herbst, L. M. Hobbs, T. P. Snow, P. Thaddeus, and E. F. van Dishoeck for helpful conversations and correspondences; and J. H.
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37
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7144262107
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note
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2 data and for many other helpful comments. B. J.M. is supported by the Fannie and John Hertz Foundation. The University of Chicago portion of this work was supported by NSF grant PHYS-9722691 and NASA grant NAG5-4234.
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