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Aplysia are first anesthetized with an isotonic concentration of magnesium chloride, followed by dissection of the atrial gland and isolation of the vesicles.
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7144231181
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note
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All electropherograms were obtained with the use of a capillary with an inner diameter of 25 μm and an outer diameter of 150 μm. The separation buffer consisted of 75% 50 mM borate and 25% acetonitrile (pH = 9.0). The wavelength used to excite NDA fluorescence was either the 457.9-nm line of an argon ion laser or the 442-nm line of a HeCd laser.
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17
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7144235184
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note
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The vesicle extract was run through a Bio-Rad Econo-Pac 10DG (Bio-Gel P-6DG) column, which has an exclusion limit of 6000 daltons and a fractionation range of 1000 to 6000 daltons.
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18
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7144225307
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note
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The entire vesicle extract was electrosprayed into a Fourier-transform mass spectrometer. The two most abundant peaks were at m/z 144 and 118; ions corresponding to NTPs were observed in minor abundance.
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20
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0031149177
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Low-resolution ESI mass spectra were acquired on a home-built electrospray ionization quadrupole mass spectrometer, which is described in more detail in S. E. Rodriguez-Cruz, J. S. Klassen, E. R. Williams, J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. 8, 565 (1997).
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7144222408
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note
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Exact masses were determined from four replicate measurements with a mass accuracy of better than 10 parts per million using internal calibration standards. Elemental compositions were assigned on the basis of the masses of the common elements and were constrained by the measured isotope distributions.
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24
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24444436724
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High-performance LC was run with a 25-cm-long column using two different mobile phase compositions (phosphate buffer at pH 5.40 and 6.50), with methanol as the organic modifier. Derivatization with o-phthalaldehyde/β-mercaptoethanol and reversed-phase LC was performed according to P. Lindroth and K. Mopper, Anal. Chem. 51, 1667 (1979), with minor modifications [X. Li, A. Hallqvist, I. Jacobson, O. Orwar, M. Sandberg, Brain Res. 706, 86 (1996)]. Detection was performed with the use of a deuterium light source (excitation: 330 nm; detection: 418 nm). Standard addition of taurine to the samples yielded high recoveries: 105% (pH = 5.40, n = 3) and 104% (pH = 6.50, n = 3).
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Lindroth, P.1
Mopper, K.2
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7144225306
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High-performance LC was run with a 25-cm-long column using two different mobile phase compositions (phosphate buffer at pH 5.40 and 6.50), with methanol as the organic modifier. Derivatization with o-phthalaldehyde/β-mercaptoethanol and reversed-phase LC was performed according to P. Lindroth and K. Mopper, Anal. Chem. 51, 1667 (1979), with minor modifications [X. Li, A. Hallqvist, I. Jacobson, O. Orwar, M. Sandberg, Brain Res. 706, 86 (1996)]. Detection was performed with the use of a deuterium light source (excitation: 330 nm; detection: 418 nm). Standard addition of taurine to the samples yielded high recoveries: 105% (pH = 5.40, n = 3) and 104% (pH = 6.50, n = 3).
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Li, X.1
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Sandberg, M.5
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28
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7144231179
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note
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We thank P. Schnier, R. Jockusch, and J. Klassen for technical assistance with mass spectrometry. We also thank G. T. Nagle and S. D. Painter for generously providing us with purified atrial gland peptides. S.J.L. acknowledges support from NIH for a postdoctoral fellowship (GM18386). O.O. is supported by the Swedish Natural Science Research Council (NFR) (10481-305, -308, and -309) and by the Swedish Foundation for Strategic Research (SSF). M.S. is supported by NFR (01-905-313). This work is supported by the International Joint Research Program (NEDO) of Japan, the U.S. National Institute on Drug Abuse (DA09873), NSF (CHE-9258178), and NIH (1R29GM50336-01A2).
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