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1
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20644440017
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2
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20644436501
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note
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2+), and so forth.
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3
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20644469480
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30 kg.
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12C.
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Charged species govern the coupling of the gas to magnetic fields and influence the ability of a molecular cloud to collapse and form new stars. The energy and momentum input from stellar radiation and mass loss can lead to the destruction of the parental molecular clouds.
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PDRs are photon-dominated regions of partially ion-ized gas around HII regions where stellar photons longward of the Lyman edge dissociate most molecules and ionize atoms with ionization potentials <13.6 eV.
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FUV-to-visible spectroscopy probes the transitions between electronic states. NIR-to-mid-IR spectroscopy probes the transitions within the vibrational manifold of an electronic state. Spectroscopy in the FIR-to-millimeter range probes the rotational transitions of a molecule. Lower energy transitions that result from the coupling between the rotational level and the electronic angular momentum are observed in the microwave range.
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27
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20644447138
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2 hybridization states, the remaining p electrons, located in a plane normal to the σ bonds, form π bonds, adding to the stability of the molecule.
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We acknowledge the support of the German-American Academic Council through the German-American Research Networking Program. Research on many of the topics covered in this review has been supported by grants from NASA (Office of Space Science, Astrophysics program) to F.S. and by grants from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft and the Max Planck Society to T.H.
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