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3 of 40:60 sand-Surrey loam mix (41.61 ppm nitrogen, 17.63 ppm phosphorus, 12.45 ppm potassium). Temperature varied smoothly between a maximum of 20°C during the day and a minimum of 12°C at night. Relative humidity varied smoothly between a maximum of 70% after watering and a minimum of 58%
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3 of 40:60 sand-Surrey loam mix (41.61 ppm nitrogen, 17.63 ppm phosphorus, 12.45 ppm potassium). Temperature varied smoothly between a maximum of 20°C during the day and a minimum of 12°C at night. Relative humidity varied smoothly between a maximum of 70% after watering and a minimum of 58%.
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note
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2 treatment were similar. For simplicity, we concentrate here on the results from run 1 with corroborating information only from later runs. An artificial "winter" was imposed by cutting most of the above-ground vegetation at the end of each generation and replacing it immediately as litter.
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31
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2642662604
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unpublished data
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L. J. Thompson, K. Sanbrooke, S. E. Hartley, unpublished data; T. M. Bezemer, T. H. Jones, K. J. Knight, unpublished data; S. E. Hartley et al., unpublished data.
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Unpublished Data
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unpublished data
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L. J. Thompson, K. Sanbrooke, S. E. Hartley, unpublished data; T. M. Bezemer, T. H. Jones, K. J. Knight, unpublished data; S. E. Hartley et al., unpublished data.
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Hartley, S.E.1
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3 per second per chamber
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3 per second per chamber.
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35
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note
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2. The reverse was true for Myzus persicae at the end of the third plant generation.
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39
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2642589115
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Root carbon and nitrogen contents were determined in a Carlo Erba NA 1500 elemental analyzer. Mean (± SE) C:N ratios in run 1 were as follows: 0 to 10 cm, 34.5 (±1.1):1 (ambient), 36.1 (±1.2):1 (elevated), P = 0.351; 10 to 20 cm, 41.9 (±3.5):1 (ambient), 35.0 (±1.0):1 (elevated), P = 0.068
-
Root carbon and nitrogen contents were determined in a Carlo Erba NA 1500 elemental analyzer. Mean (± SE) C:N ratios in run 1 were as follows: 0 to 10 cm, 34.5 (±1.1):1 (ambient), 36.1 (±1.2):1 (elevated), P = 0.351; 10 to 20 cm, 41.9 (±3.5):1 (ambient), 35.0 (±1.0):1 (elevated), P = 0.068.
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2642593147
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Soil was initially sterilized by methyl bromylation. Each replicate then received 120 ml of a microbial inoculum prepared from 20- to 25-μm pore filtrate (Whatman number 4) of Silwood Park soil. This treatment also introduced nematodes and protists to all chambers [see (16, 17)]
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Soil was initially sterilized by methyl bromylation. Each replicate then received 120 ml of a microbial inoculum prepared from 20-to 25-μm pore filtrate (Whatman number 4) of Silwood Park soil. This treatment also introduced nematodes and protists to all chambers [see (16, 17)].
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2 treatments
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2 treatments.
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Measured as cotton rotting rate [M. O. Hill, P. M. Latter, G. Bancroft, Can. J. Soil Sci. 65, 609 (1985)]. For run 1, this value was 36.5 cotton strips per year ± 3.53 (elevated) and 26.2 cotton strips per year ± 4.20 (ambient); P < 0.05.
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We used a randomization test on the observed distribution of fungal species against distributions from a null model in which each of the 33 species was randomly assigned to one of the two treatments a total of n times (n = the number of chambers it occupied in the experiment). The probability that each occurrence of a species was assigned to each treatment was 0.5 and did not depend on the number of times the species had already been assigned to that treatment. A maximum of eight occurrences per species per treatment was allowed. The null model was run for a total of 5000 iterations. Not once did the null model yield as few as 14 species common to both treatments (the minimum was 23), or as many as 9 restricted to a single treatment (the maximum was 6) (two-tailed P < 0.001).
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Experiments were partially funded by the NERC TIGER Initiative (GST/02/646), the British Council (VIE/891/11), and the Austrian Academy of Sciences (ICBP-11/95). Various colleagues, too numerous to list, have contributed to the experiment. In particular, we thank G. Couper, R. Greenwood, C. Jerram, K. Knight, J. Newington, K. Sanbrooke, P. Small, and D. Wildman for their support and enthusiasm. We thank F. Bazzaz, C. Godfray, and P. Groffman for commenting on earlier versions of the manuscript
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Experiments were partially funded by the NERC TIGER Initiative (GST/02/646), the British Council (VIE/891/11), and the Austrian Academy of Sciences (ICBP-11/95). Various colleagues, too numerous to list, have contributed to the experiment. In particular, we thank G. Couper, R. Greenwood, C. Jerram, K. Knight, J. Newington, K. Sanbrooke, P. Small, and D. Wildman for their support and enthusiasm. We thank F. Bazzaz, C. Godfray, and P. Groffman for commenting on earlier versions of the manuscript.
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