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1
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0003965089
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Thomas C. C. Ed, Springfield
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1. Both terms, "activated and pre-activated", refer to compounds which do not need liver biological oxidation and are active in vitro. For reviews on cyclophosphamide see: (a) Hill D. L. A Review of Cyclophosphamide, Thomas C. C. Ed, Springfield, 1975;
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(1975)
A Review of Cyclophosphamide
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Hill, D.L.1
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6
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0015968586
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3. Connors T. A.; Cox P. J.; Farmer P. B.; Foster A. B. and Jarman M. Biochem. Pharmacol., 1974, 23, 115-129.
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(1974)
Biochem. Pharmacol.
, vol.23
, pp. 115-129
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Connors, T.A.1
Cox, P.J.2
Farmer, P.B.3
Foster, A.B.4
Jarman, M.5
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9
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0018763850
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(c) Brock N.; Stekar J.; Pohl J.; Niemeyer U. and Scheffler G. Arzneim.-Forsch., 1979, 29, 659-661.
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(1979)
Arzneim.-Forsch.
, vol.29
, pp. 659-661
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Brock, N.1
Stekar, J.2
Pohl, J.3
Niemeyer, U.4
Scheffler, G.5
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10
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0002042408
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Springer-Verlag, Berlin
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5. (a) Niemeyer U.; Engel J.; Hilgard P.; Peukert M.; Pohl J. and Sindermann H. in Progress in Clinical and Medecine, vol. 9, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1989, pp 35-60;
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(1989)
Progress in Clinical and Medecine
, vol.9
, pp. 35-60
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Niemeyer, U.1
Engel, J.2
Hilgard, P.3
Peukert, M.4
Pohl, J.5
Sindermann, H.6
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16
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0010685045
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We thank Dr Hecquet B., Centre Oscar Lambret (Lille, France) for preliminary tests on the 3-[bis(2-chloroethyl)amino]-2-aza-4,10-dioxa-3-phosphabicyclo(4.4.0)decane 3-oxide (T/C = 185%, 50 mg/kg)
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7. We thank Dr Hecquet B., Centre Oscar Lambret (Lille, France) for preliminary tests on the 3-[bis(2-chloroethyl)amino]-2-aza-4,10-dioxa-3-phosphabicyclo(4.4.0)decane 3-oxide (T/C = 185%, 50 mg/kg).
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20
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0010647601
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The reaction probably takes place in two successive steps (1,4 addition of the methanolate, then substitution of the trichloromethyl group) both having very similar kinetics since one can sometimes isolate a trace amount of methyl (2,3-dihydro-4-furan)carboxylate. This results from the substitution of the trichloromethyl group, at this stage the insufficiently activated double bond cannot undergo further 1,4 addition
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10. The reaction probably takes place in two successive steps (1,4 addition of the methanolate, then substitution of the trichloromethyl group) both having very similar kinetics since one can sometimes isolate a trace amount of methyl (2,3-dihydro-4-furan)carboxylate. This results from the substitution of the trichloromethyl group, at this stage the insufficiently activated double bond cannot undergo further 1,4 addition.
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21
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0000908743
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11. This alcohol was previously prepared starting from γ-butyrolactone: Vader J.; Koopmans R.; De Groot A.; Van Veldhuizen A. and Van der Kerk S. Tetrahedron, 1988, 44, 2663-2674.
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(1988)
Tetrahedron
, vol.44
, pp. 2663-2674
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Vader, J.1
Koopmans, R.2
De Groot, A.3
Van Veldhuizen, A.4
Van Der Kerk, S.5
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22
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0010732919
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1H NMR and CPG. It should be noted that this compound is unstable in the presence of traces of acid
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1H NMR and CPG. It should be noted that this compound is unstable in the presence of traces of acid.
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23
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0010732761
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2,3 = 1.68 Hz)
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2,3 = 1.68 Hz).
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26
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0000230270
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15. Vorbrüggen H. Acc. Chem. Res., 1995, 28, 509-520; Acta Biochim. Pol., 1996, 43, 23-36.
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(1995)
Acc. Chem. Res.
, vol.28
, pp. 509-520
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Vorbrüggen, H.1
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27
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0000230270
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15. Vorbrüggen H. Acc. Chem. Res., 1995, 28, 509-520; Acta Biochim. Pol., 1996, 43, 23-36.
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(1996)
Acta Biochim. Pol.
, vol.43
, pp. 23-36
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29
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0010732762
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Typical procedure for the cyclisation: In a Schlenk reaction vessel placed under argon, the solution of 0.5 g (3.78 mmol) of 9 in 5 mL of anhydrous chloroform containing 4 Å molecular sieves is agitated at -78°C. TMSOTf (58 μL, 0.3 mmol) is added over a period of 5 mn. The reaction mixture is allowed to return to room temperature and further agitated during three hours. 4 mL of buffer solution (pH 7) is then added. After the workup the stereomers 10a and 10b (70% yield) are separated by HPLC on Macherey-Nagel silica gel column with chloroform/methanol (97/3) as eluant. It is noted that the same cyclisation reaction is observed when the phosphorodiamidates are placed in "old" chloroform during two weeks
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17. Typical procedure for the cyclisation: In a Schlenk reaction vessel placed under argon, the solution of 0.5 g (3.78 mmol) of 9 in 5 mL of anhydrous chloroform containing 4 Å molecular sieves is agitated at -78°C. TMSOTf (58 μL, 0.3 mmol) is added over a period of 5 mn. The reaction mixture is allowed to return to room temperature and further agitated during three hours. 4 mL of buffer solution (pH 7) is then added. After the workup the stereomers 10a and 10b (70% yield) are separated by HPLC on Macherey-Nagel silica gel column with chloroform/methanol (97/3) as eluant. It is noted that the same cyclisation reaction is observed when the phosphorodiamidates are placed in "old" chloroform during two weeks.
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30
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0010731701
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Full conformational study and configurational assignment by NMR spectroscopy of these bicyclic analogues of cyclophophamide will be published elsewhere
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18. Full conformational study and configurational assignment by NMR spectroscopy of these bicyclic analogues of cyclophophamide will be published elsewhere.
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32
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0010690806
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Thesis, Lyon
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20. Maynard-Faure P., Thesis, 1997, Lyon.
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(1997)
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Maynard-Faure, P.1
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0021186326
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21. (a) Niemeyer U; Engel J.; Scheffler G.; Molge K.; Sauerbier D. and Weigert W. Invest. New Drugs, 1984, 2, 133-139;
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(1984)
Invest. New Drugs
, vol.2
, pp. 133-139
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Niemeyer, U.1
Engel, J.2
Scheffler, G.3
Molge, K.4
Sauerbier, D.5
Weigert, W.6
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34
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84918611406
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(b) Niemeyer U.; Engel J.; Scheffler G.; Pohl J.; Hagele G. and Krebs B. Phosphorus and Sulfur, 1987, 30, 585-588.
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(1987)
Phosphorus and Sulfur
, vol.30
, pp. 585-588
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Niemeyer, U.1
Engel, J.2
Scheffler, G.3
Pohl, J.4
Hagele, G.5
Krebs, B.6
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35
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0010689956
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0017623102
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24. (a) Farmer P. B.; Jarman M.; Facchinetti T.; Pankiewicz K. and Stec W. J. Chem.-Biol. Interactions, 1977, 18, 47-57;
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(1977)
Chem.-Biol. Interactions
, vol.18
, pp. 47-57
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Farmer, P.B.1
Jarman, M.2
Facchinetti, T.3
Pankiewicz, K.4
Stec, W.J.5
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38
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0018194521
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(b) Abel G.; Cox P. J.; Farmer P. B.; Haskins N. J.; Jarman M.; Merai K. and Stec W. J Cancer Res., 1978, 38, 2592-2599;
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(1978)
Cancer Res.
, vol.38
, pp. 2592-2599
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Abel, G.1
Cox, P.J.2
Farmer, P.B.3
Haskins, N.J.4
Jarman, M.5
Merai, K.6
Stec, W.J.7
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(c) Jarman M.; Milsted R. A.; Smyth J. F.; Kinas R. W.; Pankiewicz K. and Stec W. J. Cancer Res. 1979, 39, 2762-2767.
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(1979)
Cancer Res.
, vol.39
, pp. 2762-2767
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Jarman, M.1
Milsted, R.A.2
Smyth, J.F.3
Kinas, R.W.4
Pankiewicz, K.5
Stec, W.J.6
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40
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0010648752
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23 rules out the possibilty of racemisation of cyclophosphamide during in vitro liver microsomal metabolism but not of the 4-hydroxycyclophosphamide formed thereafter
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23 rules out the possibilty of racemisation of cyclophosphamide during in vitro liver microsomal metabolism but not of the 4-hydroxycyclophosphamide formed thereafter.
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