Investigation of subsurface water flow along the continental margin of the Eurasian Basin using the transient tracers tritium, 3He, and CFCs

Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans

Volumn 103, Issue C13, 1998, Pages 30773-30792

  Frank, Markus ^a   Smethie Jr , William M ^b   Bayer, Reinhold ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF HEIDELBERG   (Germany)

^b Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANNA;

CONTINENTAL MARGIN; SUBSURFACE FLOW; WATER MASS;

ARCTIC OCEAN;

EID: 0032534967     PISSN: None     EISSN: 21699291     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (36)

1. Aagaard, K., L. K. Coachman, and E. C. Carmack, On the halocline of the Arctic Ocean, Deep Sea Res., Part A, 28, 529-545, 1981.
2. Aagaard, K., J. H. Swift, and E. C. Carmack, Thermohaline circulation in the Arctic Mediterranean Seas, J. Geophys. Res., 90, 4833-4846, 1985.
3. Anderson, L. G., G. Björk, O. Holby, E. P. Jones, G. Kattner, K. P. Koltermann, B. Liljeblad, R. Lindegren, B. Rudels, and J. Swift, Water masses and circulation in the Eurasian Basin: Results from Oden 91 expedition, J. Geophys. Res., 99, 3273-3283, 1994.
4. 3He ingrowth method, in Sitzungsberichte der Heidelberger Akademie der Wissenschaften, Math. Naturwiss. Klasse, vol. 5, pp. 241-279, Springer- Verlag, New York, 1989.
5. Benson, B. B., and D. Krause Jr., Isotopic fractionation of helium during solution; A probe for the liquid state, J. Solution Chem., 9, 895-909, 1980.
6. Bönisch, G., and P. Schlosser, Deep water formation and exchange rates in the Greenland/Norwegian Seas and the Eurasian Basin of the Arctic Ocean derived from tracer balances, Prog. Oceanogr., 35, 29-52, 1995.
7. Boyd, T. J., and E. A. D'Asaro, Cooling of the West Spitzbergen Current: Wintertime observations west of Svalbard, J. Geophs. Res., 99, 22,597-22,618, 1994.
8. 2 in seawater and air, Deep Sea Res., Part A. 35, 839-853, 1988.
9. 2 estimated from ALE/GAGE and other measurements from July 1987 to June 1991, J. Geophys. Res., 99, 1107-1126, 1994.
10. Doney, S., and J. L. Bullister, A chlorofluorocarbon section in the eastern North Atlantic, Deep Sea Res., Part A, 39, 1857-1883, 1992.
11. Doney, S. C., W. J. Jenkins, and J. L. Bullister, A comparison of ocean tracer dating techniques on a meridional section in the eastern North Atlantic, Deep Sea Res., Part I, 44, 603-626, 1997.
12. 90Sr in the North Atlantic Surface Water, Earth Planet. Sci. Lett., 38, 301-312, 1978.
13. Elkins, J. W., T. M. Thompson, T. U. Swanson, J. H. Butler, B. D. Hall, S. O. Cummings, D. A. Fisher, and A. G. Raffo, Decrease in the growth rates of atmospheric chlrorfluorocarbons 11 and 12, Nature, 364, 780-783, 1993.
14. Fütterer, D. K., The Expedition ARCTIC'93 Leg ARK IX/4 of RV "Polarstern" 1993, Ber. Polarforsch. 120, Alfred-Wegener-Inst. für Polar- und Meeresforsch., Bremerhaven, Germany, 1994.
15. Gorshkov, S. G., World Ocean Atlas. Arctic Ocean, vol. 3, Pergamon, Tarrytown, N.Y., 1983.
16. 3He in the Sargasso Sea, J. Mar. Res., 38, 533-569, 1980.
17. 3He in the Western Atlantic Ocean, Deep Sea Res., 23, 481-494, 1976.
18. Jones, E. P., B. Rudels, and L. G. Anderson, Deep waters of the Arctic Ocean: Origin and circulation, Deep Sea Res., Part I, 42, 737-760, 1995.
19. Loeng, H., V. Ozighin, B. Adlandsvik, and H. Sagen, Current measurements in the northeastern Barents Sea, Proceedings of the ICES Statuary Meeting 1993, Publ. C.M. 1993/C:41, Int. Counc. for the Explor. of the Sea, Copenhagen, 1993.
20. Midttun, L., Formation of dense bottom water in the Barents Sea, Deep Sea Res., Part A, 32, 1233-121, 1985.
21. Östlund, H. G., The residence time of the freshwater component in the Arctic Ocean, J. Geophys. Res., 87, 2035-2043, 1982.
22. Pfirman, S. L., D. Bauch, and T. Gammelsrod, The northern Barents Sea: Water mass distribution and modification in The Polar Oceans and their Role in Shaping the Global Environment, Geophys. Monogr. Ser., vol. 85, edited by O. Johannessen, et al., pp. 77-94, AGU, Washington, D.C., 1994.
23. Rhein, M., Convection in the Greenland Sea 1982-1993, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 18,183-18,192, 1996.
24. Rudels, B., On the mass balance of the Polar Ocean, with special emphasis on Fram Strait, Rep. 188, pp. 1-53, Norsk Polarinst., Oslo, 1987.
25. Rudels, B., E. P. Jones, L. G. Anderson, and G. Kattner, On the intermediate depth waters of the Arctic Ocean in The Polar Oceans and their Role in Shaping the Global Environment, Geospys. Monogr. Ser., vol. 85, edited by O. Johannessen, et al., pp. 33-46, AGU, Washington, D.C., 1994.
26. Rudels, B., L. G. Anderson, E. P. Jones, Formation and evolution of the surface mixed layer and the halocline of the Arctic Ocean, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 8807-8821, 1996.
27. Schauer, U., R. Muench, B. Rudels, and L. Timokhov, The impact of eastern Arctic shelf waters on the Nansen Basin intermediate layers, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 3371-3382, 1997.
28. 39Ar distribution in the central Arctic Ocean: Implications for deep water formation, Radiocarbon, 36, (3), 327-343, 1994.
29. 39Ar in the Greenland/Norwegian Seas and the Nansen Basin of the Arctic Ocean, Prog. Oceanogr., 35, 1-28, 1995.
30. Smethie, W. M., D. Chipman, J. H. Swift, and K. P. Kolterman, Chlorofluoromethanes in the Arctic Mediterranean Sea: Evidence for formation of bottom water masses in the Eurasian Basin and deep water exchange through Fram Strait, Deep Sea Res., Part A, 35, 347-369, 1988.
31. Steele, M., J. H. Morison, and T. B. Curtin, Halocline water formation in the Barents Sea, J. Geophs. Res., 100, 881-894, 1995.
32. Swift, J. H., and K. P. Koltermann, The origin of Norwegian Sea Deep Water, J. Geophys. Res., 93, 3563-3569, 1988.
33. Unterweger, M. P., B. M. Coursey, F. J. Schima, and W. B. Mann, Preparation and calibration of the 1978 National Bureau of Standards tritiated- water standards, Int. J. Appl. Radiat. Isot., 31, 611-614, 1980.
34. 3He dating of water masses in the Nansen Basin, Arctic Ocean, Deep Sea Res., Part A, 39, 435-458, 1992.
35. Warner, M. J., and R. F. Weiss, Solubilities of chlorofluorocarbons 11 and 12 in water and seawater, Deep Sea Res., 32, 1485-1497, 1985.
36. Warner, M. J., J. L. Bullister, D. P. Wisegarver, R. H. Gammon, and R. F. Weiss, Basin-wide distributions of chlorofluorocarbons CFC-11 and CFC-12 in the North Pacific: 1985-1989, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 20,525-20,542, 1996.