메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 44, Issue 8, 1998, Pages 698-708

Eye tracking abnormalities in schizophrenia: Evidence for dysfunction in the frontal eye fields

Author keywords

Extrastriate cortex; Eye movements; Frontal eye fields; Motion processing; Premotor cortex; Schizophrenia

Indexed keywords

ADULT; ARTICLE; CLINICAL ARTICLE; CONTROLLED STUDY; EYE MOVEMENT; EYE TRACKING; FEMALE; HUMAN; INFORMATION PROCESSING; MALE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RETINA FOVEA; SACCADIC EYE MOVEMENT; SCHIZOPHRENIA; SMOOTH PURSUIT EYE MOVEMENT; TEMPORAL CORTEX;

EID: 0032532162     PISSN: 00063223     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0006-3223(98)00035-3     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (87)

References (89)
  • 1
    • 0023756720 scopus 로고
    • Smooth pursuit eye movements in schizophrenics - What constitutes quantitative assessment?
    • Abel L.A., Ziegler A.S. Smooth pursuit eye movements in schizophrenics - What constitutes quantitative assessment? Biol Psychiatry. 24:1988;747-762.
    • (1988) Biol Psychiatry , vol.24 , pp. 747-762
    • Abel, L.A.1    Ziegler, A.S.2
  • 2
    • 0025810239 scopus 로고
    • Quantitative assessment of smooth pursuit gain and catch-up saccades in schizophrenia and affective disorders
    • Abel L.A., Friedman L., Jesberger J., Malki A., Meltzer H.Y. Quantitative assessment of smooth pursuit gain and catch-up saccades in schizophrenia and affective disorders. Biol Psychiatry. 29:1991;1063-1072.
    • (1991) Biol Psychiatry , vol.29 , pp. 1063-1072
    • Abel, L.A.1    Friedman, L.2    Jesberger, J.3    Malki, A.4    Meltzer, H.Y.5
  • 5
    • 0025777297 scopus 로고
    • The mechanism of prediction in human smooth pursuit eye movements
    • Barnes G.R., Asselman P.T. The mechanism of prediction in human smooth pursuit eye movements. J Physiol. 439:1991;439-461.
    • (1991) J Physiol , vol.439 , pp. 439-461
    • Barnes, G.R.1    Asselman, P.T.2
  • 6
    • 0025185109 scopus 로고
    • Auditory hallucinations and smaller superior temporal gyral volume in schizophrenia
    • Barta P.E., Pearlson G.D., Powers R.E., Richards S.S., Tune L.E. Auditory hallucinations and smaller superior temporal gyral volume in schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry. 147:1990;1457-1462.
    • (1990) Am J Psychiatry , vol.147 , pp. 1457-1462
    • Barta, P.E.1    Pearlson, G.D.2    Powers, R.E.3    Richards, S.S.4    Tune, L.E.5
  • 7
    • 0026612361 scopus 로고
    • Increased GABA receptor binding in superficial layers of cingulate cortex in schizophrenics
    • Benes F.M., Vincent S.L., Alsterberg G., Bird E.D., SanGiovanni J.P. Increased GABA receptor binding in superficial layers of cingulate cortex in schizophrenics. J Neurosci. 12:1992;924-929.
    • (1992) J Neurosci , vol.12 , pp. 924-929
    • Benes, F.M.1    Vincent, S.L.2    Alsterberg, G.3    Bird, E.D.4    Sangiovanni, J.P.5
  • 8
    • 0010315831 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • FMRI studies of human frontal eye fields [abstract]
    • Berman R.A., Luna B., McCurtain B.J., et al. fMRI studies of human frontal eye fields [abstract]. Soc Neurosci. 22:1996;1687.
    • (1996) Soc Neurosci , vol.22 , pp. 1687
    • Berman, R.A.1    Luna, B.2    McCurtain, B.J.3
  • 9
    • 0014704708 scopus 로고
    • Single unit activity in the frontal eye fields of unanesthetized monkeys during eye and head movement
    • Bizzi E., Schiller P.H. Single unit activity in the frontal eye fields of unanesthetized monkeys during eye and head movement. Exp Brain Res. 10:1970;151-158.
    • (1970) Exp Brain Res , vol.10 , pp. 151-158
    • Bizzi, E.1    Schiller, P.H.2
  • 10
    • 0028098836 scopus 로고
    • Correlation of regional cerebral blood flow equivalents measured by single photon emission computerized tomography with P300 latency and eye movement abnormality in schizophrenia
    • Blackwood D.H.R., Ebmeier K.P., Muir W.J., et al. Correlation of regional cerebral blood flow equivalents measured by single photon emission computerized tomography with P300 latency and eye movement abnormality in schizophrenia. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 90:1994;157-166.
    • (1994) Acta Psychiatr Scand , vol.90 , pp. 157-166
    • Blackwood, D.H.R.1    Ebmeier, K.P.2    Muir, W.J.3
  • 11
    • 0001560311 scopus 로고
    • Integration of sensory and motor signals in primate frontal eye fields
    • G.M. Edelman, W.E. Gall, & W.M. Cowan. New York: Wiley-Liss
    • Bruce C.J. Integration of sensory and motor signals in primate frontal eye fields. Edelman G.M., Gall W.E., Cowan W.M. Signal and Sense Local and Global Order in Perceptual Maps . 1990;261-314 Wiley-Liss, New York.
    • (1990) Signal and Sense: Local and Global Order in Perceptual Maps , pp. 261-314
    • Bruce, C.J.1
  • 12
    • 0023218227 scopus 로고
    • Human smooth pursuit: Stimulus-dependent responses
    • Carl J.R., Gellman R.S. Human smooth pursuit Stimulus-dependent responses . J Neurophysiol. 57:1987;1446-1463.
    • (1987) J Neurophysiol , vol.57 , pp. 1446-1463
    • Carl, J.R.1    Gellman, R.S.2
  • 13
    • 0018345498 scopus 로고
    • Eye movements in schizophrenia: A quantitative analysis
    • Cegalis J.A., Sweeney J.A. Eye movements in schizophrenia A quantitative analysis . Biol Psychiatry. 14:1979;13-26.
    • (1979) Biol Psychiatry , vol.14 , pp. 13-26
    • Cegalis, J.A.1    Sweeney, J.A.2
  • 14
    • 0020354789 scopus 로고
    • Refixation saccades and attention in schizophrenia
    • Cegalis J.A., Sweeney J.A., Dellis E.M. Refixation saccades and attention in schizophrenia. Psychiatry Res. 7:1982;189-198.
    • (1982) Psychiatry Res , vol.7 , pp. 189-198
    • Cegalis, J.A.1    Sweeney, J.A.2    Dellis, E.M.3
  • 15
    • 0029949115 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Saccades to moving targets in schizophrenia: Evidence for normal posterior cortex functioning
    • Clementz B.A. Saccades to moving targets in schizophrenia Evidence for normal posterior cortex functioning . Psychophysiology. 33:1996;650-654.
    • (1996) Psychophysiology , vol.33 , pp. 650-654
    • Clementz, B.A.1
  • 16
    • 0028088903 scopus 로고
    • Smooth pursuit in schizophrenia: Abnormalities of open- And closed-loop responses
    • Clementz B.A., McDowell J.E. Smooth pursuit in schizophrenia Abnormalities of open- and closed-loop responses . Psychophysiology. 31:1994;79-86.
    • (1994) Psychophysiology , vol.31 , pp. 79-86
    • Clementz, B.A.1    McDowell, J.E.2
  • 17
    • 0025457970 scopus 로고
    • Is eye movement dysfunction a biological marker for schizophrenia? A methodological review
    • Clementz B., Sweeney J.A. Is eye movement dysfunction a biological marker for schizophrenia? A methodological review. Psychol Bull. 108:1990;77-92.
    • (1990) Psychol Bull , vol.108 , pp. 77-92
    • Clementz, B.1    Sweeney, J.A.2
  • 18
    • 0025200709 scopus 로고
    • Pursuit gain and saccadic intrusions in first-degree relatives of probands with schizophrenia
    • Clementz B.A., Sweeney J.A., Hirt M., Haas G.L. Pursuit gain and saccadic intrusions in first-degree relatives of probands with schizophrenia. J Abnorm Psychol. 99:1990;327-335.
    • (1990) J Abnorm Psychol , vol.99 , pp. 327-335
    • Clementz, B.A.1    Sweeney, J.A.2    Hirt, M.3    Haas, G.L.4
  • 19
    • 0029864447 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The construct validity of root-mean-square error for quantifying smooth-pursuit eye tracking abnormalities in schizophrenia
    • Clementz B.A., Iacono W.G., Grove W.M. The construct validity of root-mean-square error for quantifying smooth-pursuit eye tracking abnormalities in schizophrenia. Biol Psychiatry. 39:1996;448-450.
    • (1996) Biol Psychiatry , vol.39 , pp. 448-450
    • Clementz, B.A.1    Iacono, W.G.2    Grove, W.M.3
  • 20
    • 0029069524 scopus 로고
    • Saccadic abnormalities in psychotic patients. I. Neuroleptic-free psychotic patients
    • Crawford T.J., Haeger B., Kennard C., Reveley M.A., Henderson L. Saccadic abnormalities in psychotic patients. I. Neuroleptic-free psychotic patients. Psychol Med. 25:1995;461-471.
    • (1995) Psychol Med , vol.25 , pp. 461-471
    • Crawford, T.J.1    Haeger, B.2    Kennard, C.3    Reveley, M.A.4    Henderson, L.5
  • 21
    • 0029559442 scopus 로고
    • Local circuit neurons of the prefrontal cortex in schizophrenia: Selective increase in the density of calbindin-immunoreactive neurons
    • Daviss S.R., Lewis D.A. Local circuit neurons of the prefrontal cortex in schizophrenia Selective increase in the density of calbindin-immunoreactive neurons . Psychiatry Res. 59:1995;81-96.
    • (1995) Psychiatry Res , vol.59 , pp. 81-96
    • Daviss, S.R.1    Lewis, D.A.2
  • 22
    • 0023268171 scopus 로고
    • Directional pursuit deficits following lesions of the foveal representation within the superior temporal sulcus of the macaque monkey
    • Dursteler M.R., Wurtz R.H., Newsome W.T. Directional pursuit deficits following lesions of the foveal representation within the superior temporal sulcus of the macaque monkey. J Neurophysiol. 57:1987;1262-1287.
    • (1987) J Neurophysiol , vol.57 , pp. 1262-1287
    • Dursteler, M.R.1    Wurtz, R.H.2    Newsome, W.T.3
  • 23
    • 0025058518 scopus 로고
    • Stimulus characteristics influence the gain of smooth pursuit eye movements in normal subjects
    • Fetter M., Buettner U.W. Stimulus characteristics influence the gain of smooth pursuit eye movements in normal subjects. Exp Brain Res. 79:1990;388-392.
    • (1990) Exp Brain Res , vol.79 , pp. 388-392
    • Fetter, M.1    Buettner, U.W.2
  • 24
    • 0026610695 scopus 로고
    • Effect of typical antipsychotic medications and clozapine on smooth pursuit performance in patients with schizophrenia
    • Friedman L., Jesberger J.A., Meltzer H.Y. Effect of typical antipsychotic medications and clozapine on smooth pursuit performance in patients with schizophrenia. Psychiatry Res. 41:1991;25-36.
    • (1991) Psychiatry Res , vol.41 , pp. 25-36
    • Friedman, L.1    Jesberger, J.A.2    Meltzer, H.Y.3
  • 25
    • 0026010013 scopus 로고
    • A model of smooth pursuit performance illustrates the relationship between gain, catch-up saccade rate, and catch-up saccade amplitude in normal controls and patients with schizophrenia
    • Friedman L., Jesberger J.A., Meltzer H.Y. A model of smooth pursuit performance illustrates the relationship between gain, catch-up saccade rate, and catch-up saccade amplitude in normal controls and patients with schizophrenia. Biol Psychiatry. 30:1991;537-556.
    • (1991) Biol Psychiatry , vol.30 , pp. 537-556
    • Friedman, L.1    Jesberger, J.A.2    Meltzer, H.Y.3
  • 26
    • 0029072346 scopus 로고
    • Smooth pursuit performance in patients with affective disorders or schizophrenia and normal controls: Analysis with specific oculomotor measures, RMS error and qualitative ratings
    • Friedman L., Jesberger J.A., Siever L.J., Thompson P., Mohs R., Meltzer H.Y. Smooth pursuit performance in patients with affective disorders or schizophrenia and normal controls Analysis with specific oculomotor measures, RMS error and qualitative ratings . Psychol Med. 25:1995;387-403.
    • (1995) Psychol Med , vol.25 , pp. 387-403
    • Friedman, L.1    Jesberger, J.A.2    Siever, L.J.3    Thompson, P.4    Mohs, R.5    Meltzer, H.Y.6
  • 28
    • 0002477679 scopus 로고
    • Prefrontal cortical dysfunction in schizophrenia: The relevance of working memory
    • B.J. Carroll, & J.E. Barrett. New York: Raven Press
    • Goldman-Rakic P.S. Prefrontal cortical dysfunction in schizophrenia The relevance of working memory . Carroll B.J., Barrett J.E. Psychopathology and the Brain. 1991;1-23 Raven Press, New York.
    • (1991) Psychopathology and the Brain , pp. 1-23
    • Goldman-Rakic, P.S.1
  • 29
    • 0001990617 scopus 로고
    • Cerebral cortical mechanisms in schizophrenia
    • Goldman-Rakic P. Cerebral cortical mechanisms in schizophrenia. Neuropsychopharmacology. 10:1994;22-27.
    • (1994) Neuropsychopharmacology , vol.10 , pp. 22-27
    • Goldman-Rakic, P.1
  • 30
    • 0028115730 scopus 로고
    • Temporal stability of smooth-pursuit eye tracking in first-episode psychosis
    • Gooding D.C., Iacono W.G., Beiser M. Temporal stability of smooth-pursuit eye tracking in first-episode psychosis. Psychophysiology. 31:1994;62-67.
    • (1994) Psychophysiology , vol.31 , pp. 62-67
    • Gooding, D.C.1    Iacono, W.G.2    Beiser, M.3
  • 31
    • 0027470197 scopus 로고
    • Smooth eye movements elicited by microstimulation in the primate frontal eye field
    • Gottlieb J.P., Bruce C.J., MacAvoy M.G. Smooth eye movements elicited by microstimulation in the primate frontal eye field. J Neurophysiol. 69:1993;786-799.
    • (1993) J Neurophysiol , vol.69 , pp. 786-799
    • Gottlieb, J.P.1    Bruce, C.J.2    MacAvoy, M.G.3
  • 32
    • 0028104635 scopus 로고
    • Neural responses related to smooth-pursuit eye movements and their correspondence with electrically elicited smooth eye movements in the primate frontal eye field
    • Gottlieb J.P., MacAvoy G., Bruce C.J. Neural responses related to smooth-pursuit eye movements and their correspondence with electrically elicited smooth eye movements in the primate frontal eye field. J Neurophysiol. 72:1994;1634-1653.
    • (1994) J Neurophysiol , vol.72 , pp. 1634-1653
    • Gottlieb, J.P.1    MacAvoy, G.2    Bruce, C.J.3
  • 33
    • 0015749554 scopus 로고
    • Pursuing stationary dots: Smooth eye movements and apparent movement
    • Heywood S. Pursuing stationary dots Smooth eye movements and apparent movement . Perception. 2:1973;181-195.
    • (1973) Perception , vol.2 , pp. 181-195
    • Heywood, S.1
  • 36
    • 0025943590 scopus 로고
    • Maladaptive anticipatory saccades in schizophrenia
    • Hommer D.W., Clem T., Litman R., Pickar D. Maladaptive anticipatory saccades in schizophrenia. Biol Psychiatry. 30:1991;779-794.
    • (1991) Biol Psychiatry , vol.30 , pp. 779-794
    • Hommer, D.W.1    Clem, T.2    Litman, R.3    Pickar, D.4
  • 37
    • 0026544117 scopus 로고
    • Smooth-pursuit eye tracking in first-episode psychotic patients and their relatives
    • Iacono W.G., Moreau M., Beiser M., Fleming A.E., Lin T.Y. Smooth-pursuit eye tracking in first-episode psychotic patients and their relatives. J Abnorm Psychol. 101:1992;104-116.
    • (1992) J Abnorm Psychol , vol.101 , pp. 104-116
    • Iacono, W.G.1    Moreau, M.2    Beiser, M.3    Fleming, A.E.4    Lin, T.Y.5
  • 38
    • 0021867820 scopus 로고
    • Vestibular activation, smooth pursuit tracking, and psychosis
    • Jones A.M., Pivik R.T. Vestibular activation, smooth pursuit tracking, and psychosis. Psychiatry Res. 14:1984;291-308.
    • (1984) Psychiatry Res , vol.14 , pp. 291-308
    • Jones, A.M.1    Pivik, R.T.2
  • 39
    • 0026355642 scopus 로고
    • Clinical, neuropsychological, and brain structural correlates of smooth-pursuit eye tracking performance in chronic schizophrenia
    • Katsanis J., Iacono W.G. Clinical, neuropsychological, and brain structural correlates of smooth-pursuit eye tracking performance in chronic schizophrenia. J Abnorm Psychol. 4:1991;526-534.
    • (1991) J Abnorm Psychol , vol.4 , pp. 526-534
    • Katsanis, J.1    Iacono, W.G.2
  • 40
    • 0030757384 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuropathology of the cerebellum in schizophrenia - An update: 1996 and future directions
    • Katsetos C.D., Hyde T.M., Herman M.M. Neuropathology of the cerebellum in schizophrenia - An update 1996 and future directions . Biol Psychiatry. 42:1997;213-224.
    • (1997) Biol Psychiatry , vol.42 , pp. 213-224
    • Katsetos, C.D.1    Hyde, T.M.2    Herman, M.M.3
  • 41
    • 0027526009 scopus 로고
    • Lesions of the frontal eye field impair pursuit eye movements, but preserve the predictions driving them
    • Keating E.G. Lesions of the frontal eye field impair pursuit eye movements, but preserve the predictions driving them. Behav Brain Res. 53:1993;91-104.
    • (1993) Behav Brain Res , vol.53 , pp. 91-104
    • Keating, E.G.1
  • 42
    • 0025799752 scopus 로고
    • Generation of smooth-pursuit eye movements: Neuronal mechanisms and pathways
    • Keller E.L., Heinen S.J. Generation of smooth-pursuit eye movements Neuronal mechanisms and pathways . Neurosci Res. 11:1991;79-107.
    • (1991) Neurosci Res , vol.11 , pp. 79-107
    • Keller, E.L.1    Heinen, S.J.2
  • 43
    • 0028100297 scopus 로고
    • Activation of a cerebellar output nucleus during cognitive processing
    • Kim S.G., Ugurbil K., Strick P.L. Activation of a cerebellar output nucleus during cognitive processing. Science. 265:1994;949-951.
    • (1994) Science , vol.265 , pp. 949-951
    • Kim, S.G.1    Ugurbil, K.2    Strick, P.L.3
  • 44
    • 0024337916 scopus 로고
    • Modulation of pursuit eye movements by stimulation of cortical areas MT and MST
    • Komatsu H., Wurtz R.H. Modulation of pursuit eye movements by stimulation of cortical areas MT and MST. J Neurophysiol. 62:1989;31-47.
    • (1989) J Neurophysiol , vol.62 , pp. 31-47
    • Komatsu, H.1    Wurtz, R.H.2
  • 45
    • 0025049158 scopus 로고
    • Smooth pursuit eye movements in schizophrenia: Influences of neuroleptic treatment and the question of specificity
    • Kufferle B., Friedmann A., Topitz A., et al. Smooth pursuit eye movements in schizophrenia Influences of neuroleptic treatment and the question of specificity . Psychopathology. 23:1990;106-114.
    • (1990) Psychopathology , vol.23 , pp. 106-114
    • Kufferle, B.1    Friedmann, A.2    Topitz, A.3
  • 47
    • 0021328315 scopus 로고
    • Frontal lobe dysfunction in schizophrenia - I. Eye movement in impairments
    • Levin S. Frontal lobe dysfunction in schizophrenia - I. Eye movement in impairments. J Psychiatr Res. 18:1984;27-55.
    • (1984) J Psychiatr Res , vol.18 , pp. 27-55
    • Levin, S.1
  • 48
    • 0023680101 scopus 로고
    • Smooth pursuit eye movements in schizophrenics: Quantitative measurements with the search-coil technique
    • Levin S., Luebke A., Zee D.S., Hain T.C., Robinson Da., Holzman P.S. Smooth pursuit eye movements in schizophrenics Quantitative measurements with the search-coil technique . J Psychiatr Res. 22:1988;195-206.
    • (1988) J Psychiatr Res , vol.22 , pp. 195-206
    • Levin, S.1    Luebke, A.2    Zee, D.S.3    Hain, T.C.4    Robinson, Da.5    Holzman, P.S.6
  • 50
    • 0019155760 scopus 로고
    • Horizontal and vertical pursuit eye movements, the oculocephalic reflex, and the functional psychoses
    • Lipton R.B., Levin S., Holzman P.S. Horizontal and vertical pursuit eye movements, the oculocephalic reflex, and the functional psychoses. Psychiatry Res. 3:1980;193-203.
    • (1980) Psychiatry Res , vol.3 , pp. 193-203
    • Lipton, R.B.1    Levin, S.2    Holzman, P.S.3
  • 51
    • 0031936607 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dorsal cortical regions subserving visually guided saccades in humans: An fMRI study
    • Luna B., Thulborn K.R., Strojwas M.H., et al. Dorsal cortical regions subserving visually guided saccades in humans An fMRI study . Cereb Cortex. 8:1998;40-47.
    • (1998) Cereb Cortex , vol.8 , pp. 40-47
    • Luna, B.1    Thulborn, K.R.2    Strojwas, M.H.3
  • 52
    • 0023552846 scopus 로고
    • Frontal eye field lesions in monkeys disrupt visual pursuit
    • Lynch J.C. Frontal eye field lesions in monkeys disrupt visual pursuit. Exp Brain Res. 68:1987;437-441.
    • (1987) Exp Brain Res , vol.68 , pp. 437-441
    • Lynch, J.C.1
  • 53
    • 0026464649 scopus 로고
    • Saccade initiation and latency deficits after combined lesions of the frontal and posterior eye fields in monkeys
    • Lynch J.C. Saccade initiation and latency deficits after combined lesions of the frontal and posterior eye fields in monkeys. J Neurophysiol. 68:1992;1913-1916.
    • (1992) J Neurophysiol , vol.68 , pp. 1913-1916
    • Lynch, J.C.1
  • 54
    • 0029184264 scopus 로고
    • Comparison of the smooth eye tracking disorder of schizophrenics with that of nonhuman primates with specific brain lesions
    • MacAvoy M.G., Bruce C.J. Comparison of the smooth eye tracking disorder of schizophrenics with that of nonhuman primates with specific brain lesions. Int J Neurosci. 80:1995;117-151.
    • (1995) Int J Neurosci , vol.80 , pp. 117-151
    • MacAvoy, M.G.1    Bruce, C.J.2
  • 55
    • 0025717643 scopus 로고
    • Smooth pursuit eye movement representation in the primate frontal eye field
    • MacAvoy M.G., Gottlieb J.P., Bruce C.J. Smooth pursuit eye movement representation in the primate frontal eye field. Cereb Cortex. 1:1991;95-102.
    • (1991) Cereb Cortex , vol.1 , pp. 95-102
    • MacAvoy, M.G.1    Gottlieb, J.P.2    Bruce, C.J.3
  • 56
    • 0026617016 scopus 로고
    • Disruption of saccade production during oculomotor tracking in schizophrenia and the use of its changes across target velocity as a discriminator of the disorder
    • Mather J.A., Neufeld R.W.J., Merskey H., Russell N.C. Disruption of saccade production during oculomotor tracking in schizophrenia and the use of its changes across target velocity as a discriminator of the disorder. Psychiatry Res. 34:1992;93-109.
    • (1992) Psychiatry Res , vol.34 , pp. 93-109
    • Mather, J.A.1    Neufeld, R.W.J.2    Merskey, H.3    Russell, N.C.4
  • 57
    • 0030028738 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Timing and amplitude of saccades during predictive saccadic tracking in schizophrenia
    • McDowell J.E., Clementz B.A., Wixted J.T. Timing and amplitude of saccades during predictive saccadic tracking in schizophrenia. Psychophysiology. 33:1996;93-101.
    • (1996) Psychophysiology , vol.33 , pp. 93-101
    • McDowell, J.E.1    Clementz, B.A.2    Wixted, J.T.3
  • 58
    • 0023555409 scopus 로고
    • Different responses to small visual errors during initiation and maintenance of smooth-pursuit eye movements in monkeys
    • Morris E.J., Lisberger S.G. Different responses to small visual errors during initiation and maintenance of smooth-pursuit eye movements in monkeys. J Neurophysiol. 58:1987;1351-1369.
    • (1987) J Neurophysiol , vol.58 , pp. 1351-1369
    • Morris, E.J.1    Lisberger, S.G.2
  • 59
    • 0027412207 scopus 로고
    • Retinotopic and directional deficits of smooth pursuit initiation after posterior cerebral hemispheric lesions
    • Morrow M.J., Sharpe J.A. Retinotopic and directional deficits of smooth pursuit initiation after posterior cerebral hemispheric lesions. Neurology. 43:1993;595-603.
    • (1993) Neurology , vol.43 , pp. 595-603
    • Morrow, M.J.1    Sharpe, J.A.2
  • 60
    • 0028916841 scopus 로고
    • Deficits of smooth-pursuit eye movement after unilateral frontal lobe lesions
    • Morrow M.J., Sharpe J.A. Deficits of smooth-pursuit eye movement after unilateral frontal lobe lesions. Ann Neurol. 37:1995;443-451.
    • (1995) Ann Neurol , vol.37 , pp. 443-451
    • Morrow, M.J.1    Sharpe, J.A.2
  • 61
  • 62
    • 0022000229 scopus 로고
    • Deficits in visual motion processing following ibotenic acid lesions of the middle temporal visual area of the macaque monkey
    • Newsome W.T., Wurtz R.H., Dursteler M.R., Mikami A. Deficits in visual motion processing following ibotenic acid lesions of the middle temporal visual area of the macaque monkey. J Neurosci. 5:1985;825-840.
    • (1985) J Neurosci , vol.5 , pp. 825-840
    • Newsome, W.T.1    Wurtz, R.H.2    Dursteler, M.R.3    Mikami, A.4
  • 63
    • 0000503515 scopus 로고
    • The Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale
    • Overall J.E., Gorham D.R. The Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale. Psychol Rep. 10:1962;799-812.
    • (1962) Psychol Rep , vol.10 , pp. 799-812
    • Overall, J.E.1    Gorham, D.R.2
  • 64
    • 0029885193 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Location and function of the human frontal eye-field: A selective review
    • Paus T. Location and function of the human frontal eye-field A selective review . Neuropsychologia. 34:1996;475-483.
    • (1996) Neuropsychologia , vol.34 , pp. 475-483
    • Paus, T.1
  • 65
    • 0026594816 scopus 로고
    • A quantitative analysis of saccades and smooth pursuit during visual pursuit tracking: A comparison of schizophrenics with normals and substance abusing controls
    • Radant A.D., Hommer D.W. A quantitative analysis of saccades and smooth pursuit during visual pursuit tracking A comparison of schizophrenics with normals and substance abusing controls . Schizophr Res. 6:1992;225-235.
    • (1992) Schizophr Res , vol.6 , pp. 225-235
    • Radant, A.D.1    Hommer, D.W.2
  • 66
    • 33750159335 scopus 로고
    • The relationship between saccadic and smooth tracking eye movements
    • Rashbass C. The relationship between saccadic and smooth tracking eye movements. J Physiol. 159:1961;326-338.
    • (1961) J Physiol , vol.159 , pp. 326-338
    • Rashbass, C.1
  • 68
    • 0029165129 scopus 로고
    • Abnormal smooth pursuit eye movements in schizophrenic patients are associated with cerebral glucose metabolism in oculomotor regions
    • Ross D.E., Thaker G.K., Holcomb H.H., Cascella N.G., Medoff D.R., Tamminga C.A. Abnormal smooth pursuit eye movements in schizophrenic patients are associated with cerebral glucose metabolism in oculomotor regions. Psychiatry Res. 58:1995;53-67.
    • (1995) Psychiatry Res , vol.58 , pp. 53-67
    • Ross, D.E.1    Thaker, G.K.2    Holcomb, H.H.3    Cascella, N.G.4    Medoff, D.R.5    Tamminga, C.A.6
  • 70
    • 0019160049 scopus 로고
    • Deficits in eye movements following frontal eye-field and superior colliculus ablations
    • Schiller P.H., True S.D., Conway J.L. Deficits in eye movements following frontal eye-field and superior colliculus ablations. J Neurophysiol. 44:1980;1175-1189.
    • (1980) J Neurophysiol , vol.44 , pp. 1175-1189
    • Schiller, P.H.1    True, S.D.2    Conway, J.L.3
  • 71
    • 0029018373 scopus 로고
    • Smooth-pursuit eye-movement dysfunction and motor control in schizophrenia: A follow-up study
    • Schlenker R., Cohen R. Smooth-pursuit eye-movement dysfunction and motor control in schizophrenia A follow-up study . Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 245:1995;125-126.
    • (1995) Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci , vol.245 , pp. 125-126
    • Schlenker, R.1    Cohen, R.2
  • 72
    • 0025836707 scopus 로고
    • An emerging concept: The cerebellar contribution to higher function
    • Schmahmann J.D. An emerging concept The cerebellar contribution to higher function . Arch Neurol. 48:1991;1178-1187.
    • (1991) Arch Neurol , vol.48 , pp. 1178-1187
    • Schmahmann, J.D.1
  • 73
    • 0028934238 scopus 로고
    • Antisaccades and smooth pursuit eye movements in schizophrenia
    • Sereno A.B., Holzman P.S. Antisaccades and smooth pursuit eye movements in schizophrenia. Biol Psychiatry. 37:1995;394-401.
    • (1995) Biol Psychiatry , vol.37 , pp. 394-401
    • Sereno, A.B.1    Holzman, P.S.2
  • 74
    • 0026756067 scopus 로고
    • Abnormalities of the left temporal lobe and thought disorder in schizophrenia
    • Shenton M.E., Kikinis R., Jolesz F.A., et al. Abnormalities of the left temporal lobe and thought disorder in schizophrenia. N Engl J Med. 327:1992;604-612.
    • (1992) N Engl J Med , vol.327 , pp. 604-612
    • Shenton, M.E.1    Kikinis, R.2    Jolesz, F.A.3
  • 76
    • 0031029741 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The relationship between smooth pursuit performance, motion perception and sustained visual attention in patients with schizophrenia and normal controls
    • Stuve T.A., Friedman L., Jesberger J.A., Gilmore G.C., Strauss M.E., Meltzer H.Y. The relationship between smooth pursuit performance, motion perception and sustained visual attention in patients with schizophrenia and normal controls. Psychol Med. 27:1997;143-152.
    • (1997) Psychol Med , vol.27 , pp. 143-152
    • Stuve, T.A.1    Friedman, L.2    Jesberger, J.A.3    Gilmore, G.C.4    Strauss, M.E.5    Meltzer, H.Y.6
  • 78
    • 0028332623 scopus 로고
    • Eye tracking dysfunction in schizophrenia: Characterization of component eye movement abnormalities, diagnostic specificity, and the role of attention
    • Sweeney J.A., Clementz B.A., Haas G.L., Escobar M.D., Drake K., Frances A.J. Eye tracking dysfunction in schizophrenia Characterization of component eye movement abnormalities, diagnostic specificity, and the role of attention . J Abnorm Psychol. 103:1994;222-230.
    • (1994) J Abnorm Psychol , vol.103 , pp. 222-230
    • Sweeney, J.A.1    Clementz, B.A.2    Haas, G.L.3    Escobar, M.D.4    Drake, K.5    Frances, A.J.6
  • 79
    • 0028564649 scopus 로고
    • Selective effects of antipsychotic medication on eye-tracking performance in schizophrenia
    • Sweeney J.A., Haas G.L., Li S., Weiden P.J. Selective effects of antipsychotic medication on eye-tracking performance in schizophrenia. Psychiatry Res. 54:1994;185-198.
    • (1994) Psychiatry Res , vol.54 , pp. 185-198
    • Sweeney, J.A.1    Haas, G.L.2    Li, S.3    Weiden, P.J.4
  • 80
    • 0030067842 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A positron emission tomography study of voluntary saccadic eye movements and spatial working memory
    • Sweeney J.A., Mintun M.A., Kwee S., et al. A positron emission tomography study of voluntary saccadic eye movements and spatial working memory. J Neurophysiol. 75:1996;454-468.
    • (1996) J Neurophysiol , vol.75 , pp. 454-468
    • Sweeney, J.A.1    Mintun, M.A.2    Kwee, S.3
  • 81
    • 0031105932 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adverse effects of risperidone on eye movement activity: A comparison of risperidone and haloperidol in antipsychotic-naive schizophrenic patients
    • Sweeney J.A., Bauer K.S., Keshavan M.S., Haas G.L., Schooler N.R., Kroboth P.D. Adverse effects of risperidone on eye movement activity A comparison of risperidone and haloperidol in antipsychotic-naive schizophrenic patients . Neuropsychopharmacology. 16:1997;217-228.
    • (1997) Neuropsychopharmacology , vol.16 , pp. 217-228
    • Sweeney, J.A.1    Bauer, K.S.2    Keshavan, M.S.3    Haas, G.L.4    Schooler, N.R.5    Kroboth, P.D.6
  • 82
    • 0030059188 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Does pursuit abnormality in schizophrenia represent a deficit in the predictive mechanism?
    • Thaker G.K., Ross D.E., Buchanan R.W., et al. Does pursuit abnormality in schizophrenia represent a deficit in the predictive mechanism? Psychiatry Res. 59:1996;221-237.
    • (1996) Psychiatry Res , vol.59 , pp. 221-237
    • Thaker, G.K.1    Ross, D.E.2    Buchanan, R.W.3
  • 83
    • 0023857488 scopus 로고
    • Two distinct deficits of visual tracking caused by unilateral lesions of cerebral cortex in humans
    • Thurston S.E., Leigh R.J., Crawford T., Thompson A., Kennard C. Two distinct deficits of visual tracking caused by unilateral lesions of cerebral cortex in humans. Ann Neurol. 23:1988;266-273.
    • (1988) Ann Neurol , vol.23 , pp. 266-273
    • Thurston, S.E.1    Leigh, R.J.2    Crawford, T.3    Thompson, A.4    Kennard, C.5
  • 84
    • 0029907289 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Corticocortical input to the smooth and saccadic eye movement subregions of the frontal eye field in cebus monkeys
    • Tian J.R., Lynch J.C. Corticocortical input to the smooth and saccadic eye movement subregions of the frontal eye field in cebus monkeys. J Neurophysiol. 76:1996;2754-2771.
    • (1996) J Neurophysiol , vol.76 , pp. 2754-2771
    • Tian, J.R.1    Lynch, J.C.2
  • 85
    • 0023881249 scopus 로고
    • Fiber pathways of cortical areas mediating smooth pursuit eye movements in monkeys
    • Tusa R.J., Ungerleider L.G. Fiber pathways of cortical areas mediating smooth pursuit eye movements in monkeys. Ann Neurol. 23:1988;174-183.
    • (1988) Ann Neurol , vol.23 , pp. 174-183
    • Tusa, R.J.1    Ungerleider, L.G.2
  • 86
    • 0027460558 scopus 로고
    • Area V5 on the human brain: Evidence from a combined study using positron emission tomography and magnetic resonance imaging
    • Watson J.D.G., Myers R., Frackowiak R.S.J., et al. Area V5 on the human brain Evidence from a combined study using positron emission tomography and magnetic resonance imaging . Cereb Cortex. 3:1993;79-94.
    • (1993) Cereb Cortex , vol.3 , pp. 79-94
    • Watson, J.D.G.1    Myers, R.2    Frackowiak, R.S.J.3
  • 87
    • 0022581021 scopus 로고
    • Physiologic dysfunction of dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in schizophrenia: I. Regional cerebral flood flow evidence
    • Weinberger D.R., Berman K.F., Zec R.F. Physiologic dysfunction of dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in schizophrenia I. Regional cerebral flood flow evidence . Arch Gen Psychiatry. 43:1986;114-124.
    • (1986) Arch Gen Psychiatry , vol.43 , pp. 114-124
    • Weinberger, D.R.1    Berman, K.F.2    Zec, R.F.3
  • 88
    • 0021993067 scopus 로고
    • Smooth pursuit eye movements in the parents of schizophrenics
    • Whicker L., Abel L.A., Dell'Osso L.F. Smooth pursuit eye movements in the parents of schizophrenics. Neuro-ophthalmology. 5:1985;1-8.
    • (1985) Neuro-ophthalmology , vol.5 , pp. 1-8
    • Whicker, L.1    Abel, L.A.2    Dell'Osso, L.F.3
  • 89
    • 0030918963 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Schizophrenia and the parvalbumin-containing class of cortical local circuit neurons
    • Woo T.U., Miller J.L., Lewis D.A. Schizophrenia and the parvalbumin-containing class of cortical local circuit neurons. Am J Psychiatry. 154:1997;1013-1015.
    • (1997) Am J Psychiatry , vol.154 , pp. 1013-1015
    • Woo, T.U.1    Miller, J.L.2    Lewis, D.A.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.